DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.6.1507-1519

Risiko Ekologi dan Kesehatan Akibat Cemaran Logam Berat pada Pertanian Perkotaan (urban farming): Tinjauan Sistematis

1Mahasiswa Doktor Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia

2Dosen Program Studi Agroteknologi, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia

3Dosen Program Doktor Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia

Received: 28 Jul 2026; Revised: 7 Oct 2026; Accepted: 14 Oct 2026; Available online: 2 Nov 2026; Published: 6 Nov 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Kontaminasi logam berat di lahan pertanian perkotaan (urban farming) telah menjadi isu global yang mengancam ketahanan pangan dan kesehatan masyarakat, terutama akibat pesatnya urbanisasi dan industrialisasi. Tinjauan ini bertujuan mengkaji pendekatan indeks risiko ekologi dan dampak cemaran logam berat pada urban farming, meliputi identifikasi varian penilaian, strategi efektif, serta kendala yang dihadapi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 43 artikel ilmiah dari berbagai basis data internasional yang terbit periode 2015–2025, dengan ekstraksi data terstruktur dan sintesis kualitatif-tematik. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa logam berat seperti kromium (Cr), kadmium (Cd), timbal (Pb), nikel (Ni), dan arsen (As) secara konsisten ditemukan melebihi batas aman di tanah dan sayuran yang dibudidayakan pada urban farming, dengan sumber utama berasal dari aktivitas antropogenik (limbah industri, emisi kendaraan, dan pupuk tidak terkontrol). Bioakumulasi logam-logam tersebut pada tanaman pangan menimbulkan risiko kesehatan non-karsinogenik dan karsinogenik, khususnya bagi anak-anak yang merupakan kelompok paling rentan. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa strategi penilaian yang paling efektif adalah pendekatan terpadu yang menggabungkan analisis kimia kuantitatif (AAS, ICP-MS), metode statistik multivariat (APCS-MLR, PCA), pemetaan spasial (GIS), indeks pencemaran (Geoaccumulation, Hakanson), serta penilaian risiko kesehatan yang menyeluruh (THQ, HI, TR), yang didukung oleh pengambilan sampel representatif secara temporal dan spasial. Kendala utama yang teridentifikasi meliputi keterbatasan cakupan sampling, kesulitan identifikasi sumber pencemar, variabilitas metodologi antar studi, biaya analisis yang tinggi, serta minimnya data profil paparan penduduk. Tinjauan ini menyimpulkan bahwa kontaminasi logam berat merupakan isu krusial di urban farming yang memerlukan pengelolaan terintegrasi. Kontribusi tinjauan ini adalah tersedianya sintesis pengetahuan yang menyeluruh serta kerangka kerja bagi peneliti dan pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang studi dan regulasi yang lebih efektif di masa depan.

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Keywords: Kontaminasi logam berat, Urban farming, Indeks risiko ekologi, Risiko kesehatan, Strategi penilaian terpadu

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Language : EN
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