skip to main content

Community-Based Organisation in a Transition Society: The Case of Balinese Ormas Conflict

*I Nyoman Sudama  -  Doctoral Program at Indonesian Institute of Police Science (STIK-PTIK), Indonesia
Adrianus Eliasta Sembiring Meliala  -  Department of Criminology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

Transitions in Balinese society as a result of internal conflict are critical opportunities to discover solutions for a better future for the society. The problem is how to investigate the conflict as part of the Balinese transitional development stages. Thus, the objective of this research is to answer that problem by examining the irregular transition stages of mass organization, also known as ‘ormas’ in Bahasa Indonesia, as a Balinese Community-Based Organisation (CBO) to get a better insight into Balinese society's transformation. This research employs a mixed method covering quantitative and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The qualitative data is collected by employing explorative key informant interviews while a survey of 519 respondents in six regions including Tabanan, Gianyar, Badung, Karangasem, Buleleng, and Denpasar is the source of quantitative data. The analysis presents the early stage of Balinese ‘ormas’ development followed by major issues and contradictions of the ‘ormas’ based on Balinese community perceptions. The main finding is that there were distortions in ‘ormas’ life cycles that hid their comparative advantages to become an ideal CBO. This paper concludes that ‘ormas’ transformation is the important step toward ideal CBO as part of Balinese community development. Therefore, adopting Lewin’s change model with general practical steps as well as some policing practices can support the future development of Balinese CBOs for a better contribution to Balinese communities.

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: CBO; Transition Society; Balinese; Ormas; Conflict

Article Metrics:

  1. Ahrweiler, P., Gilbert, N., Schrempf, B., Grimpe, B., & Jirotka, M. (2019). The role of civil society organisations in European responsible research and innovation. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 6(1): 25-49 (doi: 10.1080/23299460.2018.1534508),[online]
  2. Albareda, A. (2018). Connecting Society and Policymakers? Conceptualizing and Measuring the Capacity of Civil Society Organizations to Act as Transmission Belts. Voluntas, 29: 1216-1232 (doi: 10.1007/s11266-018-00051-x),[online]
  3. Barkin, D., & Lemus, B. (2014). Rethinking the Social and Solidarity Society in Light of Community Practice. Sustainability, 6(9): 6432-6445 (doi: 10.3390/su6096432),[online]
  4. Bawana, T.A. (2022). Civil Society Endorsement on Democratization: A Lesson from Myanmar. Jurnal Transformative, 8(1): 128-145 (doi: 10.21776/ub.transformative.2022.008.01.6),[online]
  5. Bratianu, C., & Balanescu, G.V. (2008). Vision, Mission and Corporate Values. A Comparative Analysis of the Top 50 U.S. Companies. Management & Marketing, 3 (3): 19-38 [ online]. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6711667.pdf [Accessed January 30, 2021]
  6. Brent J.J., & Kraska, P.B. (2010). Moving Beyond our Methodological Default: A Case for Mixed Methods. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 21(4): 412-430 (doi: 10.1080/10511253.2010.516562),[online]
  7. Brown, H. S., & Vergragt, P. J. (2016). From Consumerism to Wellbeing: Toward a Cultural Transition? Journal of Cleaner Production, 132: 308–317 (doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.107),[online]
  8. Burnes, B. (2020). The origins of Lewin's three-step model of change. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56: 32-59 (doi: 10.1177/0021886319892685),[online]
  9. Chechetto-Salles, M. & Geyer, Y. (2006). Community-Based Organization Management: Handbook Series For Community-Based Organizations. South Africa: IDASA
  10. Chong, T. (2011). Executive Summary, Civil Society Organisations: Definitions and Concepts’, in T. Chong and S. Elies (eds) An ASEAN Community for All: Exploring the Scope of Civil Society Engagement, Singapore: Frederich-Ebert-Stiftung
  11. Chun, N., Hasan, R., & Ulubasoglu, M. (2011). The Role of the middle class in economic development: What do cross-country data show? Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series No. 245
  12. Clark, Thea & Jones, R. (1999). Organizational Interoperability Maturity Model for C2. In Proceedings of the Command And Control Research And Technology Symposium (CCRTS). Newport, RI, USA
  13. Cosenza, MG., Gavidia, ME., & González-Avella, JC. (2020). Against mass media trends: Minority growth in cultural globalization. PLoS One, 15(4): 1-14 (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230923),[online]
  14. Darbon, D. (2019). The Political Role of the African Middle Class: An Over-Politicization of an Elusive Category. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. (doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.739),[online]
  15. Desse, F. (2012). The role and structure of civil society organizations in national and global governance. Evolution and outlook between now and 2030 (Working paper for WP6). AUGUR Project [online]. Retrieved from http://www.augurproject.eu/IMG/pdf/CBO_note_provisional_draft5_june_2012.pd [Accessed January 30, 2021]
  16. Elbadawi, I.A. (2008). Postconflict Transitions: An Overview. The World Bank Economic Review, 22: 1-7 (doi: 10.1093/wber/lhn002),[online]
  17. Evans, A. (1977). A Examination of the Concept “Social Solidarity”. Mid-American Review of Sociology, 2(1): 29-46 (doi: 10.17161/STR.1808.4797),[online]
  18. Grube, M., and Wynn, M. (2020). Managing Process Change and Standardisation in ERP Projects: An Assessment of the SAP Template Approach. International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems, 13(1): 48-58 [online].. Retrieved from https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/8648/[Accessed January 30, 2021]
  19. Gnyawali, D.R., Madhavan, R., He, J., & Bengtsson, M. (2016). The competition cooperation paradox in inter-firm relationships: A conceptual framework. Industrial Marketing Management, 53: 7-18 (doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.014),[online]
  20. Hadiwinata, B. (2003). The Politics of Civil Society in the Post-Suharto Indonesia: NGOs and CBOs Relations. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2(1): 39-54 [online]. Retrieved from https://journal.unpar.ac.id/index.php/JAP/article/view/1521 [Accessed January 30, 2021]
  21. Huang, M. (2015). The “Institutional Space” of Civil Society in China: The Legal Framework of Civil Society Organizations. Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 4(1): 55-73 (doi: 10.1080/24761028.2015.11869081),[online]
  22. Hobart, M. (2017). Bali is a battlefield Or the triumph of the imaginary over actuality. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 7 (1): 187-212 (doi: 10.24843/JKB.2017.v07.i01.p11),[online]
  23. Izawa, T. (2009). Tourism Development and Its Social Impacts in Bali, Indonesia in the Post-Soeharto Era. Memoirs of Institute of Humanities, Human and Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University. P 149-173 [online]. Retrieved from http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/re/k-rsc/hss/book/pdf/[Accessed January 30, 2021]
  24. Jaysawal, N. (2013). Civil society, democratic space, and social work. SAGE Open, 3(4): 1–12 (doi: 10.1177/2158244013504934),[online]
  25. Krishna, A. (2010). The Wisdom of Bali: The Sacred Science of Creating Heaven on Earth (A. McKee, Ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama
  26. Lee, R. (2003). The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change. Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, 17(4): 167-190 (doi: 10.1257/089533003772034943),[online]
  27. Loorbach, D., Frantzeskaki, N., & Avelino, F. (2017). Sustainability Transitions Research. Transforming Science and Practice for Societal Change. In Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 42 (1): 599–626 (doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021340),[online]
  28. Marti, G.M.H. (2006). The Deterritorialization of Cultural Heritage in a Globalized Modernity. Journal of Contemporary Culture, 1: 92-107 [online]. Retrieved from https://docs.llull.cat/IMAGES_175/ [Accessed January 30, 2021]
  29. Maynard, A.E and Nandita. C. (2021). Globalization, Culture, and Development: Concepts, Clarifications, and Concerns. Human Development, 1-5: 167-171 (doi: 10.1159/000513013),[online]
  30. Meliala, A. (2006). Masyarakat Sebagai Subjek Kegiatan Kepolisian. Teropong, 5(2): 48-56
  31. McDonald, M. and Wilson, L. (2017). Trouble in Paradise: Contesting Security in Bali. Dialogue, 48: 241-258 (doi: 10.1177/0967010617692925),[online]
  32. Miller, Robin & Kobes, Shannon & Forney, Jason. (2008). Building the Capacity of Small Community-Based Organizations to Better Serve Youth. In book: Toward positive youth development: Transforming schools and community programs (pp.173-191) Publisher: Oxford University Press. (doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327892.003.0010),[online]
  33. Mobekk, E. (2005). Transitional Justice in Post-conflict Societies — Approaches to Reconciliation, in A. Ebnother and P. Fluri (eds) After Intervention: Public Security Management in Post-conflict Societies: From Intervention to Sustainable Local Ownership (Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF))
  34. Nørlund, I. (2007). Civil society in Vietnam: Social organisations and approaches to new concepts. ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, 105: 68–90 (doi: 10.11588/asien.2007.105.15251),[online]
  35. Onda, M. (2013). Mutual Help Networks and Social Transformation in Japan. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(3): 531-564 [online]. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/ [Accessed January 30, 2021]
  36. Ottino, A. (2000). The universe within. A Balinese village through its ritual practices. Paris: Karthala
  37. Pascarani, D. N.N. (2019). The Militia’s Strategy in Using Public Information Space (Media Strategy of Militia to Reform the Organization Image in Bali)” In The 10th IGSSCI (International Graduate Students and Scholars’ Conference in Indonesia) New Media and the Changing Social Landscape of Contemporary Societies: How are new media reshaping the whole aspects of life of contemporary societies?, KnE Social Sciences, 38–48 (doi: 10.18502/kss.v3i20.4925),[online]
  38. Pye, L.W. (1965). Society in Transition. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 13(4): 489-49
  39. Parker, G.S. (2011). Living in Two World: How Tourism Has Influenced the Balinese Worldview of Tri Hita Karana. Master Thesis. Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
  40. Rustow, D.A. (1970). Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model. Comparative Politics, 2(3): 337-363 (doi: 10.2307/421307),[online]
  41. Schulenberg, J.L. (2007). Analysing Police Decision‐Making: Assessing the Application of a Mixed‐Method/Mixed‐Model Research Design. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10(2): 99-119 (doi: 10.1080/13645570701334050),[online]
  42. Ślarzyński, M. (2022). Transformation of Civil Society in Poland under the United Right Government: From Compartmentalization to Political Division. Communist and Post- Communist Studies, 55 (1): 131–154 (doi: 10.1525/j.postcomstud.2022.55.1.131),[online]
  43. Stenger, K. M., Ritter-Gooder, P. K., Perry, C., & Albrecht, J. A. (2014). A mixed methods study of food safety knowledge, practices and beliefs in Hispanic families with young children. Appetite, 83: 194-201 (doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.034),[online]
  44. Tamatea, L. (2011). Ajeg Bali discourse: globalization, fear and Othering – online. Asian Ethnicity, 12(2): 155-177 (doi: 10.1080/14631369.2011.571835),[online]
  45. Tammen, Ronald L., and Kugler, Jacek. (2006). Power Transition and China–US Conflicts. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 1 (1): 35-55 (doi: 10.1093/cjip/pol003),[online]
  46. Verheijen, B. & Putra, IN. D. (2020). Balinese cultural identity and global tourism: the Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park. Asian Ethnicity, 21(3): 425-442 (doi: 10.1080/14631369.2019.1641691),[online]
  47. Van Leeuwen M and Verkoren W. (2012). Complexities and Challenges for Civil Society Building in Post-Conflict Settings. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 7(1):81-94 (doi: 10.1080/15423166.2012.719353),[online]
  48. Van Wessel, M., Hilhorst, D., Schulpen, L., & Biekart, K. (2019). Government and civil society organizations: Close but comfortable? Lessons from creating the Dutch strategic partnerships for lobby and advocacy. Development Policy Review, 38(6): 728–746 (doi: 10.1111/dpr.12453),[online]
  49. Van Welie, Mara & Romijn, Henny. (2017). NGOs fostering transitions towards sustainable urban sanitation in low-income countries: Insights from Transition Management and Development Studies. Environmental Science & Policy. 84. 250-260 (doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.08.011),[online]
  50. Wohlfeld, M. (2014). Challenges Facing Societies in Transition - a Literature Review. Med Agenda - Special Issue [Civil Society and Democratisation in Societies in Transition]: MEDAC Publications in Mediterranean IR and Diplomacy, 24-45
  51. Yudina, Elena V., Tatiana V. Uhina, Irina V. Bushueva, and Natalia T. Pirozhenko. (2016). Tourism in a Globalizing World. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(17): 10599–10608. (17): 10599–10608

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-03-29 17:55:56

No citation recorded.