DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.11.2.128-139

MALNUTRITION AT HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN INTERNAL MEDICINE INPATIENTS

1Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

2Nutrition and Food Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia

3Geriatric Division, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

4 Nutrition Unit, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia

View all affiliations
Received: 23 Mar 2023; Published: 24 Jun 2023.

Citation Format:
Abstract
ABSTRACT

Background: Malnutrition at hospital admission may adversely affect patients' clinical outcomes. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) recently set a standard of measurable criteria to diagnose malnutrition.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the proportion and risk factors of malnutrition at hospital admission.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the internal medicine ward of the National General Central Hospital, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusmo (RSCM), Jakarta, from January to May 2022. Subjects aged 18 and above were recruited for this study. Malnutrition at hospital admission was defined according to the GLIM criteria. Then, the data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to determine malnutrition risk factors, presented by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: A total of 231 subjects were enrolled in the study. Among them, 85.3% were malnourished according to the GLIM criteria. In addition, subjects with a severe to total dependency on functional status (OR 9.406, 95%CI: 3.147–28.109), inadequate energy intake (OR 2.718, 95%CI: 1.197–6.172), and multimorbidity (OR 2.337, 95%CI: 1.045–5.228), were significantly associated with malnutrition at hospital admission cases.

Conclusion: According to the GLIM criteria, the proportion of malnutrition at hospital admission is high. The risk factors of malnutrition at hospital admission include low functional status, inadequate energy intake, and multimorbidity.

Keywords : Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Nutrition assessment; Hospital admission; Internal medicine, Inpatients

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Nutrition assessment; Hospital admission; Internal medicine, Inpatients

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
SMALL DENSE LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND CENTRAL OBESITY ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG INDONESIAN ADULTS DETERMINING THE NUTRIENTS CHANGES AFTER UNDERGOING NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING AND COOKING ASSISTANCE AMONG T2DM OUTPATIENTS IN MALANG CITY, INDONESIA ASSOCIATION OF EATING HABITS AND COOKING METHODS WITH BREAST TUMORS AMONG CHILDBEARING AGED URBAN WOMEN IN INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY More recent articles
Most cited articles
Efek ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap profil lipid tikus putih jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Pengaruh konseling gizi dan laktasi intensif dan dukungan suami terhadap pemberian air susu ibu (asi) eksklusif sampai umur 1 bulan Determinan kejadian stunting pada bayi usia 6 bulan di Kota Semarang Back-Matter Pola makan dan indikator lemak tubuh pada remaja More cited articles
  1. White J V, Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M, Group AMW, et al. Consensus Statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. J Parenter Enter Nutr [Internet]. 2012 May 1;36(3):275–83. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607112440285
  2. van Vliet IMY, Gomes-Neto AW, de Jong MFCC, Jager-Wittenaar H, Navis GJ, Vliet IMY van, et al. High prevalence of malnutrition both on hospital admission and predischarge. Nutrition [Internet]. 2020;77:110814. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442829/
  3. Clark AB, Reijnierse EM, Lim WK, Maier AB. Prevalence of malnutrition comparing the GLIM criteria, ESPEN definition and MST malnutrition risk in geriatric rehabilitation patients: RESORT. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2020;39(11):3504–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.015
  4. Nigatu YD, Gebreyesus SH, Allard JP, Endris BS. The effect of malnutrition at admission on length of hospital stay among adult patients in developing country: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2021;41:217–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.013
  5. Marinho R, Pessoa A, Lopes M, Rosinhas J, Pinho J, Silveira J, et al. High prevalence of malnutrition in Internal Medicine wards – a multicentre ANUMEDI study. Eur J Intern Med [Internet]. 2020;76(March):82–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.02.031
  6. Bunawan NC, Suseno D, Dillon DHS, Rinaldi I, Purnamasari D. Risk factors for undernutrition at admission among adult hospitalized patients at a referral hospital in Indonesia. SAGE Open. 2021;11(5)
  7. Allard JP, Keller H, Teterina A, Jeejeebhoy KN, Laporte M, Duerksen DR, et al. Factors associated with nutritional decline in hospitalised medical and surgical patients admitted for 7 d or more: a prospective cohort study. Br J Nutr [Internet]. 2015;114:1612–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515003244
  8. Galindo Martín CA, Aportela Vázquez VA, Becerril Hernández F, Aguilar Medina CR, Ayala Carrillo SL, Chávez Flores A, et al. The GLIM criteria for adult malnutrition and its relation with adverse outcomes, a prospective observational study. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2020;38:67–73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.015
  9. Agarwal E, Ferguson M, Banks M, Vivanti A, Batterham M, Bauer J, et al. Malnutrition, poor food intake, and adverse healthcare outcomes in non-critically ill obese acute care hospital patients. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2019;38(2):759–66. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026156141830116X
  10. Burgos R, Joaquín C, Blay C, Vaqué C. Disease-related malnutrition in hospitalized chronic patients with complex needs. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2020;39(5):1447–53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561419302614
  11. Fernández Miró M, Cabrejo Gavidia V, Carrascosa Piquer O, Valero Lanau J, Toapanta Valencia M, Aguado Jodar A. Malnutrition is associated with postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Endocrinol Diabetes y Nutr [Internet]. 2022; Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530016422001483
  12. Li P, Li C, Mishra AK, Cai P, Lu X, Sherif AA, et al. Impact of malnutrition on in-hospital outcomes in takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Nutrition [Internet]. 2022;93:111495. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900721003579
  13. Lim SL, Ong KCB, Chan YH, Loke WC, Ferguson M, Daniels L. Malnutrition and its impact on cost of hospitalization, length of stay, readmission and 3-year mortality. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2012;31(3):345–50. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561411001993
  14. Ishida Y, Maeda K, Nonogaki T, Shimizu A, Yamanaka Y, Matsuyama R, et al. Malnutrition at admission predicts in-hospital falls in hospitalized older adults. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32093144/
  15. Fávaro-Moreira NC, Krausch-Hofmann S, Matthys C, Vereecken C, Vanhauwaert E, Declercq A, et al. Risk factors for malnutrition in older adults: A systematic review of the literature based on longitudinal data. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2016;7(3):507–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.011254
  16. Nakamura T, Itoh T, Yabe A, Imai S, Nakamura Y, Mizokami Y, et al. Polypharmacy is associated with malnutrition and activities of daily living disability among daycare facility users: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2021;100(34):e27073. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027073
  17. Moreira VG, Perez M, Lourenço RA. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors: The impact of muscle mass, gait speed, and handgrip strength reference values on reported frequencies. Clinics [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Jul 30];74(e477). Available from: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e477
  18. Allard JP, Keller H, Jeejeebhoy KN, Laporte M, Duerksen DR, Gramlich L, et al. Malnutrition at hospital admission - contributors and effect on length of stay: a prospective cohort study from the canadian malnutrition task force. J Parenter Enter Nutr [Internet]. 2015;40(4):487–97. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25623481/
  19. Hanna KL, Glen KD, Lau BT, Tran CQ, Truong NT, Gallegos D. Relationship between malnutrition and selected risk factors in two hospitals in Vietnam. Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2016 Feb 1;73(1):59–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12240
  20. Edington J, Boorman J, Durrant ER, Perkins A, Giffin C V., James R, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition on admission to four hospitals in England. Clin Nutr. 2000;19(3):191–5
  21. Chermesh, Irit; Mashiach, Tanya; Raz-Pasteur, Ayelet; Karban A. Screening for malnutrition identifies patients with high risk for in-hospital and 30- days’ mortality in internal medicine departments. J Hum Nutr Food Sci [Internet]. 2015;3(5):1076–81. Available from: https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Nutrition/nutrition-3-1076.pdf
  22. Wiegand A, Zieger A, Staiger RD, Egli A, Freystätter G, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Association of depression with malnutrition, grip strength and impaired cognitive function among senior trauma patients. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2019;247:175–82. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032718316112
  23. Cin P, Tanrıöver Ö, Yavuzer H, Suna Erdinçler D. Evaluation of malnutrition status and related risk factors in geriatric outpatient clinic. Nutr Res Pract [Internet]. 2021;15(4):504–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2021.15.4.504
  24. Kasim DA, Harikedua VT, Paruntu OL. Asupan makanan , status gizi dan lama hari rawat inap pada pasien penyakit dalam di rumah sakit advent manado. GIZIDO [Internet]. 2016;8(2):22–34. Available from: https://ejurnal.poltekkes-manado.ac.id/index.php/gizi/article/view/88
  25. Konturek PC, Herrmann HJ, Schink K, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Malnutrition in hospitals: it was, is now, and must not remain a problem! Med Sci Monit [Internet]. 2015;21:2969–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26431510/
  26. Rahman A, Agarwala R, Martin C, Nagpal D, Teitelbaum M, Heyland DK. Nutrition therapy in critically ill patients following cardiac surgery: defining and improving practice. J Parenter Enter Nutr [Internet]. 2017;41(7):1188–94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607116661839
  27. Detsky A, McLaughlin J, Baker J, Johnston N, Whittaker S, Mendelson R, et al. What is Subjective Global Assessment of nutritional status? J Parenter Enter Nutr [Internet]. 1987;11(1):8–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3820522/
  28. Burgel CF, Eckert I da C, Brito JE, Rodrigues FW, Silva FM. Accuracy of three tools for malnutrition diagnosis in hospitalised patients: Comparison to subjective global assessment. J Hum Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2021;34(6):935–44. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jhn.12907
  29. Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Correia MITDITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2019;38(1):1–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181091/
  30. Brito JE, Burgel CF, Lima J, Chites VS, Saragiotto CB, Rabito EI, et al. GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis of hospitalized patients presents satisfactory criterion validity: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2021;40(6):4366–72. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561421000194
  31. Sundar V V, Hwa OS, Easaw MEPM, Swee WCS. Concurrent and predictive validity of GLIM criteria and AND/ASPEN criteria for malnutrition diagnosis among hospitalized cardiac patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2021;46:544–786. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405457721009153
  32. Huo Z, Chong F, Yin L, Lu Z, Liu J, Xu H. Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2022;41(6):1208–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.005
  33. Syam, AF; Sobur, S; Abdullah, M; Makmun D. Nutritional status of hospitalized nonsurgery patients at a nationwide referral hospital in Indonesia. J Int Dent Med Res [Internet]. 2018;11(2):732–9. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/openview/879abe9152138ec06f2712b9f7fe5d16/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1036416
  34. Arini M, Ratnayani, Amelia WR, Leoni AP, Syauqy A, Laksmi PW, et al. Comparative study of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria with Subjective Global Assesment (SGA) in diagnosis of malnutrition in inpatients at the internal medicine wards in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Gizi Indones [Internet]. 2022;45(2):161–72. Available from: www.persagi.org/ejournal/index.php/Gizi_Indon%0A161
  35. WHO. Top 10 causes of death in Indonesia for both sexes aged all ages [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death
  36. Sugiyono. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Kedua. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2020. 143 p
  37. Deurenberg P, Guricci S. Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index / body fat per cent. 2002;(6):141–6
  38. Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc [Internet]. 2020;21(3):300-307.e2. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012
  39. Jensen GL, Cederholm T, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, et al. GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community. J Parenter Enter Nutr [Internet]. 2018 Jan 2;43(0):1–9. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jpen.1440
  40. de van der Schueren MAEE, Keller H, Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Compher C, Correia MITDITD, et al. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2020;39(9):2872–80. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026156141933208X
  41. de Aquino R de C, Philippi ST. Identification of malnutrition risk factors in hospitalized patients. Rev da Assoc Médica Bras (English Ed [Internet]. 2011;57(6):623–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22249542/
  42. Kondrup J, Ramussen HH, Hamberg O, Stanga Z, Camilo M, Richardson R, et al. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2022 Sep 29];22(3):321–36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12765673/
  43. Charlson MEM, Pompei P, Ales KKL, MacKenzie CRC. A new method of classifying prognostic in longitudinal studies : development and validation. J Chronic Dis [Internet]. 1987;40(5):373–83. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021968187901718
  44. Setiati S, Laksmi PW, Aryana IGPS, Sunarti S, Widajanti N, Dwipa L, et al. Frailty state among Indonesian elderly: prevalence, associated factors, and frailty state transition. BMC Geriatr [Internet]. 2019;19(1):1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1198-8
  45. Nunes G, Santos CA, Barosa R, Fonseca C, Barata AT, Fonseca J. Outcome and nutritional assessment of chronic liver disease patients using anthropometry and Subjective Global Assessment. Arq Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2017;54(3):225–31. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28723979/
  46. Shahar S, Pooy NS. Predictive equations for estimation of stature in Malaysian elderly people. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2003;12(1):80–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12737015/
  47. Nunes, G; Meira, T; Patita, M; Barata, AT; Santos C et al. Feeding tube transparietal thickness a promising anthropometric parameter for nutritional asssessment of endoscopic gastrostomy fed patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2019;29:224–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30661691/
  48. Wibowo N, Bardosono S, Irwinda R, Syafitri I, Putri AS, Prameswari N. Assessment of the nutrient intake and micronutrient status in the first trimester of pregnant women in Jakarta. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2017;26(2):109–15. Available from: https://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/1617
  49. Idris M. Rincian UMR Jakarta 2021 dan daerah sekitarnya [Internet]. KOMPAS.com. 2021. Available from: https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/03/29/164702726/rincian-umr-jakarta-2021-dan-daerah-sekitarnya
  50. Inciong JFB, Chaudhary A, Hsu HS, Joshi R, Seo JM, Trung LV, et al. Hospital malnutrition in northeast and southeast Asia: A systematic literature review. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2020;39:30–45. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405457720301169
  51. Badan Pusat Statistik. Profil statistik kesehatan 2021 [Internet]. Jakarta; 2021. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/publication
  52. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Nasional Riset Dasar Kesehatan (RISKESDAS) 2018 [Internet]. 2019. Available from: http://repository.bkpk.kemkes.go.id/3514/1/Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf
  53. Schuetz P, Seres D, Lobo DN, Gomes F, Kaegi-braun N, Stanga Z. Management of disease-related malnutrition for patients being treated in hospital. Lancet [Internet]. 2021;398(10314):1927–38. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01451-3
  54. Lidoriki I, Schizas D, Mpaili E, Vailas M, Sotiropoulou M, Papalampros A, et al. Associations between skeletal muscle mass index, nutritional and functional status of patients with oesophago-gastric cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2019;34:61–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.08.012
  55. Ohmae N, Yasui-Yamada S, Furumoto T, Wada K, Hayashi H, Kitao M, et al. Muscle mass, quality, and strength; physical function and activity; and metabolic status in cachectic patients with head and neck cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2023;53:113–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.006
  56. Gn YM, Abdullah HR, Loke W, Sim YE. Prevalence and risk factors of preoperative malnutrition risk in older patients and its impact on surgical outcomes: a retrospective observational study. Can J Anesth [Internet]. 2021;68(5):622–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-021-01933-3
  57. Sánchez-Torralvo FJ, Ruiz-Garcia I, Contreras-Bolivar V, González-Almendros I, Ruiz-Vico M, Abuín-Fernández J, et al. CT-Determined sarcopenia in GLIM-defined malnutrition and prediction of 6-month mortality in cancer inpatients. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021;13(2647):1–10. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2647
  58. Lopes LCC, Gonzalez CM, Gonzalez MC, Avesani CM, Prado CM, Peixoto M do RGRG, et al. Low hand grip strength is associated with worse functional capacity and higher inflammation in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Nutrition [Internet]. 2022;93:111469. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900721003312
  59. Drake R, Ozols A, Nadeau WJ, Braid-Forbes MJ. Hospital inpatient admissions with dehydration and/or malnutrition in medicare beneficiaries receiving enteral nutrition: a cohort study. J Parenter Enter Nutr [Internet]. 2018;42(4):730–8. Available from: https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1177/0148607117713479
  60. Correia MITD, Caiaffa WT, Da Silva AL, Waitzberg DL. Risk factors for malnutrition in patients undergoing gastroenterological and hernia surgery: An analysis of 374 patients. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2001;16(2):59–64. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11443835/
  61. Matsuo H, Yoshimura Y, Fujita S, Maeno Y. Risk of malnutrition is associated with poor physical function in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation following heart failure. Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2019;76(1):82–8. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1747-0080.12465
  62. Ostrowska J, Sulz I, Tarantino S, Hiesmayr M, Szostak-Węgierek D. Hospital malnutrition, nutritional risk factors and elements of nutritional care in europe: Comparison of polish results with all european countries participating in the nday survey. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021;13(1):1–16. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/263
  63. Donini LM, Poggiogalle E, Pinto A, Giusti AM, del Balzo V. Malnutrition in the elderly. In: Diet and nutrition in dementia and cognitive decline [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p. 211–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407824-6.00020-3
  64. Setiati S, Soejono CH, Harimurti K, Dwimartutie N, Aryana IGPS, Sunarti S, et al. Frailty and Its Associated Risk Factors: First Phase Analysis of Multicentre Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study. Front Med [Internet]. 2021;8(April):1–8. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.658580/full
  65. Lu J, Wang Y, Hou L, Zuo Z, Zhang N, Wei A. Multimorbidity patterns in old adults and their associated multi-layered factors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02292-w
  66. Yeung SSY, Trappenburg MC, Meskers CGM, Maier AB, Reijnierse EM. Inadequate energy and protein intake in geriatric outpatients with mobility problems. Nutr Res [Internet]. 2020;84:33–41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.007
  67. Fitzpatrick F, Skally M, O’Hanlon C, Foley M, Houlihan J, Gaughan L, et al. Food for thought. Malnutrition risk associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infection. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2019;101(3):300–4. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670118307175
  68. Fan Y, Yao Q, Liu Y, Jia T, Zhang J, Jiang E. Underlying causes and co-existence of malnutrition and infections: an exceedingly common death risk in cancer. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2022;9(February):1–11. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.814095/full
  69. Prado CM, Purcell SA, Laviano A. Nutrition interventions to treat low muscle mass in cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle [Internet]. 2020;11(2):366–80. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcsm.12525
  70. Graeb F, Wolke R. Malnutrition and inadequate eating behaviour during hospital stay in geriatrics—an explorative analyses of nutritionDay data in two hospitals. Nurs Reports [Internet]. 2021;11(4):929–41. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/11/4/85
  71. El Osta N, El Arab H, Saad R, Rabbaa Khabbaz L, Fakhouri J, Papazian T, et al. Assessment of nutritional status of older patients attending a tertiary hospital in Middle Eastern country. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2019;33:105–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.06.010
  72. Besora-Moreno M, Llauradó E, Tarro L, Solà R. Social and economic factors and malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(3):1–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030737
  73. O’Keeffe M, Kelly M, O’Herlihy E, O’Toole PW, Kearney PM, Timmons S, et al. Potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults: a systematic review. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2019;38(6):2477–98. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30685297/

Last update:

  1. Counseling on Early Stunting Prevention Efforts with Riau University KKN Students in Munsalo Kopah Village

    Gustriza Erda, Nurainun Siregar, Fitri Ramadhani, MHD Efendi, Lensi Mistika, Tri Agus Ferdinan, Miftahul Jannah, Rahmatul Anisa, Nelsa Putri, Mariza, Habib Al Baihaqi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Masyarakat Bidang Kesehatan (Abdigermas), 1 (3), 2023. doi: 10.58723/abdigermas.v1i3.91

Last update: 2024-11-20 05:12:05

No citation recorded.