DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.18.2.113-120

Penilaian Dampak Bahaya Radiologis terhadap Radionuklida Natural di Pesisir Pulau Bengkalis

Marine Radioecology Group Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2019 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang : Radionuklida natural ditemukan hampir di semua media lingkungan, dan di lingkungan laut terdeteksi cukup tinggi karena adanya proses erosi, pelapukan dan daur ulang mineralyang mengalami perpindahan melalui badan air. Radionuklida natural tersebutdapat berpindah ke berbagai media, termasuk ke manusia melalui rantai makanan.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi dasar mengenai tingkat radioaktivitas di lingkungan perairan laut di Pesisir Pulau Bengkalis dan melakukan penilaian dampak bahaya radiologis melalui aktivitas ekuivalen radium (Raeq) dan indeks bahaya eksternal (Hex)serta laju dosis eksternal dari radionuklida natural.

Metode: Metode deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan metode pengambilan sample sedimen menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampelsedimen dikumpulkan dari 6 titik pengambilan sampel di pesisir Pulau Bengkalis, menggunakan sediment grab. Sampel kemudian dikeringkan dan dihomogenkan kemudian ditimbang sebanyak 1 kg. Pengukuran aktivitas radionuklida dilakukan menggunakan spektrometri gama dengan waktu cacah selama 3 hari. Aktivitas 226Ra ditentukan berdasarkan emisi sinar gamma 214Pb dan 214Bi. Aktivtias 232Th ditentukan berdasarkan emisi 212Pb dan 228Ac dan 40K ditentukan dari emisi pada 1461,8 keV. Hasil analisis akan digunakan untuk menghitung dampak radiologis di lingkungan mengunakan ekuivalen aktivitas radium dan indeks bahaya eksternal.

Hasil: Aktivitas rata-rata berturut turut 56,45 ; 31,34 ; 26,04 ; 33,19 ; 30,00 dan 185,49 Bq/kg untuk radio nuklida226Ra, 212Pb, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac dan 40K. Aktivitas terukur mempunyai kisaran nilai yang berdekatan dengan pengukuran di beberapa negara.Penghitungan nilai aktivitas ekuivalen radium (Raeq) berkisar dari 82,61 - 138 Bq/kg dan tidak melebihi nilai yang ditetapkan oleh ICRP (1990) dan OECD (179) yaitu sebesar 370 Bq/kg. Nilai indeks bahaya eksternal (Hex) masih dibawah 1, dengan nilai rata rata sebesar 0,31, dan laju dosis dari radionuklida natural sebesar 37,175 nGy/h.

Simpulan:Aktivitas radionuklida natural di pesisirPulauBengkalismempunyai kisaran nilai yang berdekatan dengan pengukuran di beberapa Negara. Nilai aktivitas ekuivalen radium (Raeq) Yang terukur tidak melebihi nilai yang ditetapkan oleh ICRP (1990) dan OECD (179).  Nilai indeks bahaya eksternal (Hex) masih dibawah 1, dan laju dosis yang diserap lingkungan dari radionuklida natural masih dibawah nilai rata rata dunia. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa parameter radiologis radionuklida natural dalam sedimen di pesisir Pulau Bengkalis berada dalam batas yang dapat diterima.

 

Abstract

Title : --

Background: Natural radionuclides are found in almost all environmental media, and in the marine compartment have been detected relative high due to the process of erosion, weathering and recycling of minerals that come trough the water bodies. Radionuclides can move to various media, including to the humans through the food chain. This research was conducted to provide baseline information about the activity of radioactivity in the marine environment of the Bengkalis Island Coast and conduct radiological hazard impact assessments through equivalent radium (Raeq) and external hazard index (Hex) and external dose rates of natural radionuclides.

Method: Descriptive methods were used in this study and the sediment sampling method used a purposive sampling method. Sediment samples were collected from 6 sampling points on the coast of Bengkalis Island, using sediment grab. The samples were then dried, homogenized and weighed 1 kg. Measurement of radionuclide activity was carried out using gamma spectrometry with counting time for 3 days. The 226Ra activity is determined based on 214Pb and 214Bi gamma ray emissions. The 232Th activity was determined based on 212Pb and 228Ac and 40K emissions determined from emissions at 1461.8 keV. The results of the analysis will be used to calculate the radiological impact in the environment using equivalent radium activity and external hazard index.

Results: The average activity are 56.45; 31.34; 26.04; 33.19; 30.00 and 185.49 Bq/kg for radionuclides 226Ra, 212Pb, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac and 40K respectively. The value of this activity comparable withthe activities in several countries.The calculation of radium equivalent activity (Raeq) values ranges from 82.61 - 138 Bq / kg and does not exceed the value 370 Bq / kg by ICRP (1990) and OECD (179). The external hazard index value (Hex) is still below 1, with an average value of 0.31, and the dose rate of natural radionuclides is 37,175 nGy / h.

Conclusion: Natural radionuclide activity on the coast of Bengkalis Island has a range of values adjacent to measurements in several countries. The measured value of radium (Raeq) activity does not exceed the value set by ICRP (1990) and OECD (179). The external hazard index value (Hex) is still below 1, and the absorbed dose rate of natural radionuclides is still below the world average value. Thus, it can be concluded that the radiological parameters of natural radionuclides in sediments on the coast of Bengkalis Island are within acceptable limits.

 

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  common.other
Perjanjian Pengalihan Hak Cipta
Subject
Type Other
  Download (540KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Bahaya Radiologis; Radionuklida Natural; Sedimen; Spektrometer Gama; Bengkalis
Funding: Pusat Teknologi Keselamatan dan Metrologi Radiasi - PTKMR BATAN

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Kajian Sanitasi Lingkungan Pemukiman di Bantaran Sungai Musi Kota Palembang Implementasi Penerapan Sanitasi Tempat-tempat Umum Pada Rekreasi Benteng Kuto Besak Kota Palembang Hubungan Higiene, Fasilitas dan Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Kualitas Mikrobilogi Serta Identifikasi Eschericia Coli O157: H7 Pada Sate Languan Halaman Belakang Halaman Sampul More recent articles
Most cited articles
Faktor Risiko Lingkungandan Kebiasaan Penduduk Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Distrik Windesi Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen Provinsi Papua Halaman Belakang Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku Masyarakat yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kabupaten Sambas Identifikasi Habitat Fisik Sungai dan Keberagaman Biotilik Sebagai Indikator Pencemaran Air Sungai Musi Kota Palembang Hubungan Pajanan Pestisida dengan Gangguan Keseimbangan Tubuh Petani Hortikultura di Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang More cited articles
  1. Ergul AH, Belivermis M, Önder K, Topcuoglu S, Cotuk Y. Natural and arti ficial radionuclide activity concentrations in surface sediments of Izmit Bay , Turkey. J Environ Radioact. 2013;126:125–32
  2. Carvalho FM de, Lauria D da C, Ribeiro FCA, Fonseca RT, Peres S da S, Martins NSF. Natural and man-made radionuclides in sediments of an inlet in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull. 2016;107(1):269–76
  3. Makmur M, Herlambang M. Sebaran Aktivitas 239, 240 Pu di Sedimen Perairan Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO) Jalur Sekunder. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Lingkungan XII. 2015
  4. Ergül HA, Belivermiş M, Kiliç Ö, Topcuoǧlu S, Çotuk Y. Natural and artificial radionuclide activity concentrations in surface sediments of Izmit Bay, Turkey. J Environ Radioact. 2013;126:125–32
  5. Suseno H, Prihatiningsih WR. Monitoring 137Cs and 134Cs at marine coasts in Indonesia between 2011 and 2013. Mar Pollut Bull. 2014;88(1–2):319–24
  6. Suseno H, Wahono IB, Muslim M, Yahya MN. Status of 137Cs concentrations in sea water at the inlets of the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF). Reg Stud Mar Sci [Internet]. 2017;10:81–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2016.12.008
  7. Suseno H, Makmur M, Yahya MN. Present Status of Marine Radioecology in Jakarta Bay. Atom Indones. 2017;44(2):1–5
  8. Makmur M. Inventori Radionuklida Plutonium Dan Americium di Sedimen Pesisir Laut Gresik. J Teknol Pengelolaan Limbah. 2014;17(1):55–61
  9. Makmur M, Yahya MN, Putra DIP. Concentration of Selected Radionuclides in Sediment and Surface Seawater in Belitung Island , Indonesia. In: 2nd International Conference on the Sources, Effect and Risk of Ionizing Radiation. 2016. p. 29–34
  10. Makmur M. Analisis Plutonium di Sedimen Perairan Laut Bangka. In: Seminar Keselamatan Nuklir. 2013
  11. Makmur M. Sebaran Radionuklida 239,240Pu di Air Permukaan Selat Bangka. J Teknol Pengelolaan. 2013;16(399)
  12. US-EPA. Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials ( TENORM ). https://www.epa.gov/radiation/technologically-enhanced-naturally-occurring-radioactive-materials-tenorm. 2016;1–2
  13. Al-Trabulsy HAM, Khater AEM, Habbani FI. Heavy elements concentrations, physiochemical characteristics and natural radionuclides levels along the Saudi coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba. Arab J Chem. 2013;6(2):183–9
  14. Ravisankar R, Chandramohan J, Chandrasekaran A, Prince Prakash Jebakumar J, Vijayalakshmi I, Vijayagopal P, et al. Assessments of radioactivity concentration of natural radionuclides and radiological hazard indices in sediment samples from the East coast of Tamilnadu, India with statistical approach. Mar Pollut Bull. 2015;97(1–2):419–30
  15. Adi T. Kasus tumpahan minyak Showa Maru [Internet]. 2018. p. 4. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/11839835/
  16. Helfinalis. Endapan Sedimen dan Sebaran Suspensi di Perairan Selat Malaka 2001. In: Perairan Indonesia, Oseanografi, Biologi dan Lingkungan. 2002
  17. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - U.S. Public Health Service. Toxicological Profile for Radium [Internet]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - U.S. Public Health Service; 1990. Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp144.pdf
  18. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - U.S. Public Health Service, US-EPA. Toxicological Profile for Thorium [Internet]. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147.pdf; 1990. Available from:
  19. Gabdo HT, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Sanusi MS, Garba NN, Aliyu AS. Radiological hazard associated with natural radionuclide concentrations in the northern part of Pahang state Malaysia. Env Earth Sci. 2015;73(10)
  20. Muhammad BG, Jaafar MSMS, Rahman AA, Ingawa FA. Determination of radioactive elements and heavy metals in sediments and soil from domestic water sources in northern peninsular Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess. 2012;184(8):5043–9
  21. Al-ghamdi H, Al-muqrin A, El-sharkawy A. Assessment of natural radioactivity and 137 Cs in some coastal areas of the Saudi Arabian gulf. Mar Pollut Bull [Internet]. 2016;104(1–2):1–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.058
  22. Alshahri F. Radioactivity of 226 Ra , 232 Th , 40 K and 137 Cs in beach sand and sediment near to desalination plant in eastern Saudi Arabia : Assessment of radiological impacts. J King Saud Univ - Sci [Internet]. 2017;29(2):4–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2016.08.005
  23. Prihatiningsih WR, Soedharma D, Suseno H, Zamani NP. Dose Rates Assessment of 137 Cs for Chanos chanos using ERICA Tool. In: 2nd Intl Conference on the Sources, Effects and Risk of Ionizing Radiation (SERIR2). 2016. p. 25–8
  24. Sihombing T, Rifardi. Komposisi sedimen bagian timur Selat Rupat Provinsi Riau. J Perikan dan Kelaut. 2014;19:45–52
  25. Huang Y, Lu X, Ding X, Feng T. Natural radioactivity level in beach sand along the coast of Xiamen Island, China. Mar Pollut Bull [Internet]. 2015;91(1):357–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.046
  26. Uddin S, Behbehani M. Concentrations of selected radionuclides and their spatial distribution in marine sediments from the northwestern Gulf, Kuwait. Mar Pollut Bull [Internet]. 2018;127(December 2017):73–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.052
  27. Uddin S, Aba A, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Ismaeel A, Al-shammari H, et al. Radioactivity in the Kuwait marine environment — Baseline measure- ments and review. 2015;100:651–61
  28. US-EPA. Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM). www.epa.gpv. 2018
  29. Malain D, Regan PH, Bradley DA, Matthews M, Santawamaitre T, Al-Sulaiti HA. Measurement of NORM in Beach sand samples along the Andaman coast of thailand after 2004 tsunami. Nucl Instruments Methods Phys Res. 2010;619(1–3):1–21
  30. Stark K, Goméz-Ros JMJM, Vives i Batlle J, Lindbo Hansen E, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Kapustka LALA, et al. Dose assessment in environmental radiological protection: State of the art and perspectives. J Environ Radioact. 2017;175–176:105–14

Last update:

  1. Baseline levels of radionuclides concentration in the sea of Wakatobi and Kendari

    Y Priasetyono, Untara, M Makmur, W R Prihatiningsih, M N Yahya, D I P Putra. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 890 (1), 2021. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012009

  2. The Natural Radionuclide Activity and the Risk of Potential Radiation in Health Effect: A Study on Beach Sand in Madura, Bali, and Lombok

    Yogi Priasetyono, Murdahayu Makmur, Wahyu Retno Prihatiningsih, Mohamad Nur Yahya, Deddy Irawan Permana Putra. JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN, 13 (3), 2021. doi: 10.20473/jkl.v13i3.2021.142-150

Last update: 2024-11-19 00:48:19

No citation recorded.