DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.2.152-161

Evaluasi Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Air Sungai Menggunakan Pendekatan Metode Neraca Massa

Department of Geography Education, Universitas Jember. Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, Kampus Bumi Tegalboto, Jember, East Java 68121, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2022 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang: Sungai Bedadung merupakan sungai utama di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Bedadung yang mengalir di tengah wilayah perkotaan dan berpotensi mengalami pencemaran akibat aktifitas manusia melalui pembuangan limbah domestik, industri, dan pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kualitas air sungai dan daya tampung beban pencemaran air di Sungai Bedadung Hulu.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis korelasional dan metode neraca massa. Teknik pengambilan sampel kualitas air dengan cara grab sampling pada delapan segmen yang terdiri dari 8 sampel sumber nirtitik (non-point source) dan 1 sampel titik (point source) pada kondisi debit rendah di musim kemarau. Parameter yang diuji adalah kualitas fisika air yaitu suhu, pH, Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL) dan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), serta kualitas kimiawi air yaitu Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Dissolved Oxygen (DO).

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter kualitas air Sungai bedadung hulu berdasarkan analisis metode neraca massa memiliki nilai yang tidak melebihi standar baku mutu kualitas air kelas II Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Beban Pencemaran Aktual (BPA) untuk kualitas kimiawi air yaitu BOD, COD, dan DO masing-masing sebesar 651,10 kg/hari; 80009,47 kg/hari; dan 3091,70 kg/hari.

Simpulan: Nilai Beban Pencemaran Aktual (BPA) ketiga parameter berada di bawah batas Beban Pencemaran Maksimum (BPM) sehingga masih memiliki selisih daya tampung untuk dapat menerima beban pencemaran. Upaya pengelolaan air limbah dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air di Sungai Bedadung hulu.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Evaluation of River Water Pollution Load Capacity Using Mass Balance Method Approach

Background: The Bedadung River is the main river in the Bedadung watershed that flows in the middle of urban areas and can experience pollution due to human activities through domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste disposal. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of river water quality and load capacity of water pollution in the Upper Bedadung River.

Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with correlational analysis and mass balance methods. The water quality sampling technique was taken through grab sampling on eight segments consisting of 8 non-point source samples and 1 point source sample at low discharge conditions in the dry season. The parameters tested were the physical quality of water, namely temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (DHL) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), as well as the chemical quality of water, namely Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO).

Result: The results showed that all the water quality parameters of the upstream Bedadung River based on the mass balance method analysis had a value that did not exceed the class II water quality standards of the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. Actual Pollution Load (BPA) for the chemical quality of water, namely BOD, COD, and DO each of 651.10 kg/day; 80009.47 kg/day; and 3091.70 kg/day.

Conclusion: The BPA value of the three parameters is below the Maximum Pollution Load (BPM) limit so that it still has a difference in the capacity to accept the pollution load. Efforts to manage wastewater and preserve the environment are still needed to improve water quality in the upstream Bedadung River.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  ES
Etichal Statement
Subject
Type ES
  Download (69KB)    Indexing metadata
 Turnitin
Turnitin
Subject
Type Turnitin
  Download (3MB)    Indexing metadata
 CTA
Copyright Transfer Agreement
Subject
Type CTA
  Download (45KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Kualitas air sungai; beban pencemaran; metode neraca massa; Sungai Bedadung
Funding: Universitas Jember under contract Hibah Kelompok Riset 2020 under contract SK Rektor No 11872/UN25/LT/2020

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Logam Berat dan Probabilistik Penilaian Risiko Kesehatan Melalui Konsumsi Beras dari Lahan Sawah di Hulu Sungai Citarum Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan Rumah dan Angka Kuman Udara Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Baturraden II Banyumas) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Hygiene and Sanitation Implementation on Food Handlers Halaman Belakang Halaman Sampul More recent articles
Most cited articles
Faktor Risiko dan Potensi Penularan Tuberkulosis Paru di Kabupaten Kendal , Jawa Tengah Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah dan Perilaku Keluarga dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar Halaman Belakang Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Angka Kuman Dalam Air Produk Air Minum Isi Ulang di Pemalang Halaman Belakang More cited articles
  1. Shrestha S, Kazama F. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2007 Apr; 22(4):464–475. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.02.001
  2. Berkowitz B, Dror I, Yaron B. Contaminant Geochemistry. Berlin: Springer; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54777-5
  3. Singh KP, Malik A, Sinha S. Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of Gomti river (India) using multivariate statistical techniques-A case study. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2005 May 4; 538(1–2):355–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.02.006
  4. Chang H. Spatial analysis of water quality trends in the Han River basin, South Korea. Water Res. 2008;42(13):3285–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.006
  5. Riechel M, Matzinger A, Pawlowsky-Reusing E, Sonnenberg H, Uldack M, Heinzmann B, et al. Impacts of combined sewer overflows on a large urban river - Understanding the effect of different management strategies. Water Res. 2016 Nov;105:264–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.017
  6. Benedini M, Tsakiris G. Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams - chapter 6 [Internet]. Vol. 70, Water Science and Technology Library Series. 2013. 57–67 p. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5509-3
  7. Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y. The risk assessment of river water pollution based on a modified non-linear model. Water (Switzerland). 2018;10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040362
  8. Presiden RI. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup [Internet]. Lembaran Negara RI 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 12]. Available from: LN.2021/No.32, TLN No.6634, jdih.setkab.go.id : 374 hlm
  9. Presiden RI. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air [Internet]. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2001 [cited 2021 Nov 12]. p. 1–41. Available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/53103/pp-no-82-tahun-2001
  10. Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 110 Tahun 2003 Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Air Pada Sumber Air [Internet]. Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup. 2010 [cited 2021 Nov 12] ;(3):169
  11. Purwandari L. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 Bab III Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Mutu Air (PPMA). 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 14]; (22)
  12. New South Wales Department of Environment and Conservation. Load Calculation Protocol (June 2008): for use by holders of NSW environment protection licences when calculating assessable pollutant loads [Internet]. Sydney: New South Wales Department of Environment and Conservation. 2008 [cited 2021 Nov 14]:10590. https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/licensing/08248loadcalcprot.pdf
  13. Loucks DP, van Beek E. Water Resource Systems Planning and Management: An Introduction to Methods, Models, and Applications. 2017: 1–624 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44234-1
  14. Kustamar, Wulandari LK. The Pollution Index and Carrying Capacity of The Upstream Brantas River. International Journal of Geomate [Online]. 2020 Sep;19(73):26–32. https://geomatejournal.com/geomate/article/view/1756
  15. Yuniarti, Biyatmoko D, Hafizianor, Fauzi H. Load Capacity of Water Pollution of Jaing River in Tabalong. International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology [Online]. 2019 May-Jun;4(3):805–811. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/4.3.30
  16. Ridho M. Daya tampung beban pencemaran organik di Sungai Batang Arau Kota Padang Propinsi Sumatera Barat. JOM UNRI [Online]. 2019 April:33–5
  17. Widiatmono BR, Pavita KD, Dewi L. Studi Penentuan Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Kali Surabaya dengan Menggunakan Metode Neraca Massa. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem [Online]. 2017 Dec;5(3):273–280. https://jkptb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jkptb/article/view/438/373
  18. Pradana HA, Wahyuningsih S, Novita E, Humayro A, Purnomo BH. Identifikasi Kualitas Air dan Beban Pencemaran Sungai Bedadung di Intake Instalasi Pengolahan Air PDAM Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia [Online]. 2019 Oct;18(2):135-143. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.18.2.135-143.
  19. Aziza SN, Wahyuningsih S, Novita E. Beban Pencemaran Kali Jompo di Kecamatan Kaliwates Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Agroteknologi [Online]. 2018;12(01):100. https://doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v12i1.8340
  20. Wahyuningsih S, Novita E, Ridwan M. Analysis of Pollution Load Capacity at Gladaksikur River in Kalisat Region Jember District. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Teknik Pertanian Indonesia (PERTETA) Banda Aceh [Online]. 2-3 November2017;(3):43–51. http://tp.unsyiah.ac.id/index.php/seminar/semnas17
  21. Irwansyah W, Sahara E, Ratnayani O. Kandungan Pb dan Cr total dalam air serta bioavailabilitasnya dalam sedimen di perairan sungai bedadung jember. Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry). 2019Oct;7(2):130–139. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/cakra/article/view/56188
  22. Rasi F. Pabrik Kayu Disidak terkait Pencemaran Sungai Arjasa [Internet]. www.jatimpos.id. 2019 Nov 26 [cited 2020 Mar 18]. Available from: https://www.jatimpos.id/kabar/pabrik-kayu-disidak-terkait-pencemaran-sungai-arjasa-b1Xqf9czi
  23. Ardianto T. Warga Keluhkan Pencemaran Limbah dan Kebisingan Pabrik Kayu di Jember [Internet]. www.beritajatim.com. 2019 Des 5 [cited 2020 Mar 18]. Available from: https://beritajatim.com/peristiwa/warga-keluhkan-pencemaran-limbah-dan-kebisingan-pabrik-kayu-di-jember/
  24. Sekhar C, Umamahesh NV. Mass balance approach for assessment of pollution load in the Krishna River. J Environ Sci Eng. 2004 Apr;46(2):159-71. PMID: 16649607. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16649607/
  25. Asdak C. Hidrologi dan pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Yogyakarta: UGM Press. 1995. https://ugmpress.ugm.ac.id/id/product/lingkungan/hidrologi-dan-pengelolaan-daerah-aliran-sungai
  26. Kuo YM, Liu W wen, Zhao E, Li R, Muñoz-Carpena R. Water quality variability in the middle and down streams of Han River under the influence of the Middle Route of South-North Water diversion project, China. J Hydrol [Internet]. 2019 Feb;(569):218–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.001
  27. Bianchi E, Dalzochio T, Simões LAR, Rodrigues GZP, da Silva CEM, Gehlen G, et al. Water quality monitoring of the Sinos River Basin, Southern Brazil, using physicochemical and microbiological analysis and biomarkers in laboratory-exposed fish. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. 2019July; 19(3): 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2019.05.002
  28. Saksena DN, Garg RK, Rao RJ. Water quality and pollution status of Chambal river in National Chambal sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Environmental Biology [Online]. 2008Sept;29(5):701–710. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19295068/
  29. Effendi H, Romanto, Wardiatno Y. Water Quality Status of Ciambulawung River, Banten Province, Based on Pollution Index and NSF-WQI. Procedia Environmental Sciences [Internet].2015;24:228–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.03.030
  30. Buchari I, Arka W, Putra KGD, Dewi IGAKSP. Kimia Lingkungan. UPT Udayana, Bali. 2001;
  31. Blume KK, Macedo JC, Meneguzzi A, Silva LB, Quevedo DM, Rodrigues MAS. Water Quality Assessment of The Sinos River, Southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology [Online]. 2010Dec;70 (4 suppl):1185–1193. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842010000600008
  32. Ji ZG. Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries. 2017. 1–581 p. DOI: 10.1002/9781119371946
  33. Auvaria SW, Munfarida I. Analisis Daya Tampung Lingkungan (Beban Pencemaran Air) di Kawasan Porong Kabupaten Sidoarjo ex Penambangan Lapindo. Jurnal Presipitasi: Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan [Online]. 2020 Juli; 17(2):104-112 https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i2.104-112
  34. Lusiana N, Rahadi B, Anggita Y. Determination pollution load capacity of Ngrowo River as wastewater receiver from hospital activities. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2020; 475(012067)
  35. Trilaksono G, Sudarno S, Handayani DS. Studi Penentuan Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Air Sungai Melalui Pendekatan Software Qual2e Dan Metode Neraca Massa (Studi Kasus : Sungai Garang, Jawa Tengah). Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. 2014;3(1):1–12
  36. Ali H. Fundamentals of Irrigation and On-farm Water Management. Volume 1. Springer 2010. [Internet].p1-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6335-2

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-11 10:39:00

No citation recorded.