Catalysis of glycerol acetylation on solid acid catalyst: a review

*Nur Hidayati orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
Rahmah Puspita Sari  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
Herry Purnama orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
Received: 28 Aug 2020; Revised: 13 Jan 2021; Accepted: 14 Jan 2021; Published: 31 Jan 2021.
Open Access Copyright 2020 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Biodiesel is a substitute fuel that is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. The need for biodiesel continues to increase. Biodiesel is made through the process of transesterification of triglycerides and alcohol. Glycerol is a side-effect of biodiesel products with a capacity of 10% of the total weight of its production. Glycerol is the simplest glyceride compound and has several functions as a primary ingredient in chemical production. Through acetylation, glycerol is converted to a material that has a higher sale value. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are the acetylation approach to achieve the desired product, namely acetyl glycerol esters (mono-, di- and triacetin). However, in the process, the catalyst’s type and characteristics significantly affect the yield and conversion of the product and the deactivation or reusability of the catalyst, which can inhibit the catalyst’s utilization and effectiveness; therefore, it must be studied further. Besides, the parameters that affect the reaction will also be assessed.

Keywords: acelylation; solid acid catalysts; glycerol; esterification; biodiesel
Funding: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Review
Language: EN
In Vol 23, No 12 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 12 Year 2020
Statistics: 297 166
Related articles
Bioethanol Production from Cassava Peel Treated with Sulfonated Carbon Catalyzed Hydrolysis Identifikasi Komposisi Asam Lemak dari Minyak Benih Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L) Pers) Fabrication of Recycle Screen Printed Carbon Electrode and Its Application for Voltammetric Detection of Gallic Acid Compatibility of Celluloce Nanocrystal Modified Cetrimmonium Chloride (CTAC) in Polylactic Acid Matrix as Packaging Material Characterization and Application of Chitosan as a Natural Coagulant in Reducing Remazol Red Dyestuff Concentration and COD Value of Batik Liquid Waste Study of Adsorption-Desorption on Batik Industrial Dyes (Naphthol Blue Black) on Magnetite Modified Humic Acid (HA-Fe3O4)
  1. E. Shayan, V. Zare, I. Mirzaee, Hydrogen production from biomass gasification; a theoretical comparison of using different gasification agents, Energy Conversion and Management, 159, (2018), 30-41 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.096
  2. S. Niju, K. M. Meera, S. Begum, N. Anantharaman, Modification of egg shell and its application in biodiesel production, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 18, 5, (2014), 702-706 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2014.02.010
  3. Sumit H. Dhawane, Tarkeshwar Kumar, Gopinath Halder, Recent advancement and prospective of heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts in chemical and enzymatic transformation of biodiesel, Energy Conversion and Management, 167, (2018), 176-202 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.073
  4. Upendra Rajak, Tikendra Nath Verma, Effect of emission from ethylic biodiesel of edible and non-edible vegetable oil, animal fats, waste oil and alcohol in CI engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 166, (2018), 704-718 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.070
  5. Jinlin Xue, Tony E. Grift, Alan C. Hansen, Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 2, (2011), 1098-1116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.016
  6. Astsari Abdul Majid, Dhani Prasetyo, YC Danarto, Pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah dengan menggunakan iradiasi gelombang mikro, Simposium Nasional RAPI XI FT UMS-2012, Surakarta, 2012
  7. Shuangning Xiu, Abolghasem Shahbazi, Bio-oil production and upgrading research: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 7, (2012), 4406-4414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.028
  8. P. U. Okoye, B. H. Hameed, Review on recent progress in catalytic carboxylation and acetylation of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, (2016), 558-574 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.064
  9. M. S. Khayoon, B. H. Hameed, Acetylation of glycerol to biofuel additives over sulfated activated carbon catalyst, Bioresource Technology, 102, 19, (2011), 9229-9235 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.035
  10. Norhasyimi Rahmat, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, Recent progress on innovative and potential technologies for glycerol transformation into fuel additives: A critical review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 3, (2010), 987-1000 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.010
  11. Fangxia Yang, Milford A. Hanna, Runcang Sun, Value-added uses for crude glycerol--a byproduct of biodiesel production, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 5, 1, (2012), 13 https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-13
  12. Mario Pagliaro, Rosaria Ciriminna, Hiroshi Kimura, Michele Rossi, Cristina Della Pina, From Glycerol to Value-Added Products, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46, 24, (2007), 4434-4440 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200604694
  13. Zhenle Yuan, Junhua Wang, Lina Wang, Weihui Xie, Ping Chen, Zhaoyin Hou, Xiaoming Zheng, Biodiesel derived glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol on Cu/MgO catalysts, Bioresource Technology, 101, 18, (2010), 7088-7092 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.016
  14. Weiqin Zhao, Bolun Yang, Chunhai Yi, Zhao Lei, Jie Xu, Etherification of Glycerol with Isobutylene to Produce Oxygenate Additive Using Sulfonated Peanut Shell Catalyst, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 24, (2010), 12399-12404 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie101461g
  15. F. Frusteri, F. Arena, G. Bonura, C. Cannilla, L. Spadaro, O. Di Blasi, Catalytic etherification of glycerol by tert-butyl alcohol to produce oxygenated additives for diesel fuel, Applied Catalysis A: General, 367, 1, (2009), 77-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.07.037
  16. M. Balaraju, P. Nikhitha, K. Jagadeeswaraiah, K. Srilatha, P. S. Sai Prasad, N. Lingaiah, Acetylation of glycerol to synthesize bioadditives over niobic acid supported tungstophosphoric acid catalysts, Fuel Processing Technology, 91, 2, (2010), 249-253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.005
  17. Surachai Karnjanakom, Panya Maneechakr, Chanatip Samart, Guoqing Guan, Ultrasound-assisted acetylation of glycerol for triacetin production over green catalyst: A liquid biofuel candidate, Energy Conversion and Management, 173, (2018), 262-270 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.07.086
  18. Nirmala Sari, Zuchra Helwani, Hari Rionaldo, Esterifikasi gliserol dari produk samping biodiesel menjadi triasetin menggunakan katalis zeolit alam, JOM F Teknik, 2, 1, (2015), 1-7
  19. Xiaoyuan Liao, Yulei Zhu, Sheng-Guang Wang, Yongwang Li, Producing triacetylglycerol with glycerol by two steps: Esterification and acetylation, Fuel Processing Technology, 90, 7, (2009), 988-993 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.015
  20. Zahrul Mufrodi, Arief Budiman, Suryo Purwono, Operation Conditions In Syntesize of Bioaditive From Glycerol as By-product Biodiesel : A Review, Energy Procedia, 145, (2018), 434-439 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.04.071
  21. Wepoh Heng, Synthesis of Triacetin from Glycerol, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia, 2015
  22. Shanhui Zhu, Yulei Zhu, Xiaoqing Gao, Tao Mo, Yifeng Zhu, Yongwang Li, Production of bioadditives from glycerol esterification over zirconia supported heteropolyacids, Bioresource Technology, 130, (2013), 45-51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.011
  23. Sumeet S. Kale, Glycerol Acetylation to Triacetin over Solid Acid Catalysts in Liquid and Gas Phase, Dissertation, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Rostock University, 2016
  24. Margarita Popova, Ágnes Szegedi, Alenka Ristić, Nataša Novak Tušar, Glycerol acetylation on mesoporous KIL-2 supported sulphated zirconia catalysts, Catalysis Science & Technology, 4, 11, (2014), 3993-4000 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CY00548A
  25. Anjali Patel, Sukriti Singh, A green and sustainable approach for esterification of glycerol using 12-tungstophosphoric acid anchored to different supports: Kinetics and effect of support, Fuel, 118, (2014), 358-364 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.11.005
  26. Zahrul Mufrodi, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Sutijan Sutijan, Arief Budiman, Synthesis acetylation of glycerol using batch reactor and continuous reactive distillation column, Engineering Journal, 18, 2, (2014), 29-40 https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2014.18.2.29
  27. Jianglin Hu, Jinjin Li, Yanlong Gu, Zhenhong Guan, Wanling Mo, Youming Ni, Tao Li, Guangxing Li, Oxidative carbonylation of glycerol to glycerol carbonate catalyzed by PdCl2(phen)/KI, Applied Catalysis A: General, 386, 1, (2010), 188-193 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.07.059
  28. Princy Gupta, Satya Paul, Solid acids: Green alternatives for acid catalysis, Catalysis Today, 236, (2014), 153-170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.04.010
  29. I. Dosuna-Rodríguez, E. M. Gaigneaux, Glycerol acetylation catalysed by ion exchange resins, Catalysis Today, 195, 1, (2012), 14-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2012.04.031
  30. Pei San Kong, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, Hwei Voon Lee, Patrick Cognet, Yolande Pérès, Catalytic role of solid acid catalysts in glycerol acetylation for the production of bio-additives: a review, RSC advances, 6, 73, (2016), 68885-68905 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA10686B
  31. Limin Zhou, Tuan-Huy Nguyen, Adesoji A. Adesina, The acetylation of glycerol over amberlyst-15: Kinetic and product distribution, Fuel Processing Technology, 104, (2012), 310-318 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.06.001
  32. John Keogh, Manishkumar S. Tiwari, Haresh Manyar, Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid Using Nitrogen-Based Brønsted-Acidic Ionic Liquids, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58, 37, (2019), 17235-17243 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01223
  33. Julián A. Sánchez, Diana L. Hernández, Jorge A. Moreno, Fanor Mondragón, Jhon J. Fernández, Alternative carbon based acid catalyst for selective esterification of glycerol to acetylglycerols, Applied Catalysis A: General, 405, 1, (2011), 55-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.07.027
  34. G. Alberti, M. Casciola, Composite Membranes for Medium-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells, Annual Review of Materials Research, 33, 1, (2003), 129-154 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.33.022702.154702
  35. B. Sadeghi, B. F. Mirjalili, M. M. Hashemi, BF3.SiO2: An efficient heterogeneous alternative for regio-chemo and stereoselective claisen-schmidt condensation, Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 5, 4, (2008), 694-698 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03246151
  36. Ali Keivanloo, Mohammad Bakherad, Bahram Bahramian, Samaneh Baratnia, Silica-supported zinc bromide (ZnBr2/SiO2): a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for coupling acid chlorides with terminal alkynes, Tetrahedron Letters, 52, 13, (2011), 1498-1502 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.101
  37. Asit K. Chakraborti, Rajesh Gulhane, Indium(III) chloride as a new, highly efficient, and versatile catalyst for acylation of phenols, thiols, alcohols, and amines, Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 35, (2003), 6749-6753 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(03)01641-1
  38. Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Iraj Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Davood Habibi, BiBi Fatemeh Mirjalili, Abdolhamid Bamoniri, The Use of Nafion-H® as an Efficient Catalyst for the Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl Ethers to Their Corresponding Alcohols under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 179, 11, (2004), 2189-2193 https://doi.org/10.1080/10426500490474996
  39. Shih-Yuan Chen, Toshiyuki Yokoi, Chih-Yuan Tang, Ling-Yun Jang, Takashi Tatsumi, Jerry C. C. Chan, Soofin Cheng, Sulfonic acid-functionalized platelet SBA-15 materials as efficient catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, Green Chemistry, 13, 10, (2011), 2920-2930 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1GC15299H
  40. A. Zięba, A. Drelinkiewicz, P. Chmielarz, L. Matachowski, J. Stejskal, Transesterification of triacetin with methanol on various solid acid catalysts: A role of catalyst properties, Applied Catalysis A: General, 387, 1, (2010), 13-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.07.060
  41. Margarita Popova, Hristina Lazarova, Agnes Szegedi, Magdolna R. Mihályi, Мojca Rangus, Blaz Likozar, Venkata D. B. C. Dasireddy, Renewable glycerol esterification over sulfonic-modified mesoporous silicas, Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 83, 1, (2018), 39-50 https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC170306071P
  42. M. S. Khayoon, S. Triwahyono, B. H. Hameed, A. A. Jalil, Improved production of fuel oxygenates via glycerol acetylation with acetic acid, Chemical Engineering Journal, 243, (2014), 473-484 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.01.027
  43. B. O. Dalla Costa, H. P. Decolatti, M. S. Legnoverde, C. A. Querini, Influence of acidic properties of different solid acid catalysts for glycerol acetylation, Catalysis Today, 289, (2017), 222-230 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2016.09.015
  44. Lakhya Jyoti Konwar, Päivi Mäki-Arvela, Pakiza Begum, Narendra Kumar, Ashim Jyoti Thakur, Jyri-Pekka Mikkola, Ramesh Chandra Deka, Dhanapati Deka, Shape selectivity and acidity effects in glycerol acetylation with acetic anhydride: Selective synthesis of triacetin over Y-zeolite and sulfonated mesoporous carbons, Journal of Catalysis, 329, (2015), 237-247 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.05.021
  45. Valter L. C. Gonçalves, Bianca P. Pinto, João C. Silva, Claudio J. A. Mota, Acetylation of glycerol catalyzed by different solid acids, Catalysis Today, 133-135, (2008), 673-677 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.037
  46. Mattia Bartoli, Chengyong Zhu, Michael Chae, David C. Bressler, Glycerol Acetylation Mediated by Thermally Hydrolysed Biosolids-Based Material, Catalysts, 10, 1, (2020), 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010005
  47. Gabriel A. Bedogni, Mauro D. Acevedo, Federico Aguzín, Nora B. Okulik, Cristina L. Padró, Synthesis of bioadditives of fuels from biodiesel-derived glycerol by esterification with acetic acid on solid catalysts, Environmental Technology, 39, 15, (2018), 1955-1966 https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1345986
  48. S. Kale, S. B. Umbarkar, M. K. Dongare, R. Eckelt, U. Armbruster, A. Martin, Selective formation of triacetin by glycerol acetylation using acidic ion-exchange resins as catalyst and toluene as an entrainer, Applied Catalysis A: General, 490, (2015), 10-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.10.059
  49. D. Mariana Reinoso, G. Marta Tonetto, Bioadditives synthesis from selective glycerol esterification over acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6, 2, (2018), 3399-3407 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.05.027
  50. Ionut Banu, Gheorghe Bumbac, Dorin Bombos, Sanda Velea, Ana-Maria Gălan, Grigore Bozga, Glycerol acetylation with acetic acid over Purolite CT-275. Product yields and process kinetics, Renewable Energy, 148, (2020), 548-557 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.060
  51. William Godoy, Giulia Castro, Leonardo Nápolis, Juliana Carpegiani, Daniela Guimarães, Leandro Aguiar, Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly[Styrene-co-(Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate)] and Application in the Catalysis of Glycerol Acetylation, Macromolecular Symposia, 394, 1, (2020), 1900169 https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201900169
  52. Juliana A. Carpegiani, William M. Godoy, Daniela H. P. Guimarães, Leandro G. Aguiar, Glycerol acetylation catalyzed by an acidic styrene-co-dimethacrylate resin: experiments and kinetic modeling, Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 130, 1, (2020), 447-461 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-020-01788-7
  53. K. Saravanan, Beena Tyagi, Hari C. Bajaj, Nano-crystalline, mesoporous aerogel sulfated zirconia as an efficient catalyst for esterification of stearic acid with methanol, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 192, (2016), 161-170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.03.037
  54. K. Saravanan, Beena Tyagi, H. C. Bajaj, Sulfated zirconia: an efficient solid acid catalyst for esterification of myristic acid with short chain alcohols, Catalysis Science & Technology, 2, 12, (2012), 2512-2520 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CY20462B
  55. K. Saravanan, Beena Tyagi, Ram S. Shukla, H. C. Bajaj, Esterification of palmitic acid with methanol over template-assisted mesoporous sulfated zirconia solid acid catalyst, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 172-173, (2015), 108-115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.02.014
  56. Mihail L Grecea, Alexandre C Dimian, Stefania Tanase, Venkatesh Subbiah, Gadi Rothenberg, Sulfated zirconia as a robust superacid catalyst for multiproduct fatty acid esterification, Catalysis Science & Technology, 2, 7, (2012), 1500-1506 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CY00432A
  57. James H. Clark, Solid Acids for Green Chemistry, Accounts of Chemical Research, 35, 9, (2002), 791-797 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar010072a
  58. Rochim B. Cahyono, Zahrul Mufrodi, Arif Hidayat, Arief Budiman, Acetylation of glycerol for triacetin production using Zr-natural zeolite catalyst, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11, 8, (2016), 5194-5197
  59. L. H. Tamborini, M. P. Militello, J. Balach, J. M. Moyano, C. A. Barbero, D. F. Acevedo, Application of sulfonated nanoporous carbons as acid catalysts for Fischer esterification reactions, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12, 8, (2019), 3172-3182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.018
  60. Mujeeb Khan, Muhammad Nawaz Tahir, Syed Farooq Adil, Hadayat Ullah Khan, M. Rafiq H. Siddiqui, Abdulrahman A. Al-warthan, Wolfgang Tremel, Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3, 37, (2015), 18753-18808 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02240A
  61. Abdelrahman B. Fadhil, Akram M. Aziz, Marwa H. Al-Tamer, Biodiesel production from Silybum marianum L. seed oil with high FFA content using sulfonated carbon catalyst for esterification and base catalyst for transesterification, Energy Conversion and Management, 108, (2016), 255-265 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.11.013
  62. Lakhya Jyoti Konwar, Jutika Boro, Dhanapati Deka, Review on latest developments in biodiesel production using carbon-based catalysts, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, (2014), 546-564 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.09.003
  63. P. U. Okoye, A. Z. Abdullah, B. H. Hameed, Synthesis of oxygenated fuel additives via glycerol esterification with acetic acid over bio-derived carbon catalyst, Fuel, 209, (2017), 538-544 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.024
  64. Ignacio M. López-Coca, Silvia Izquierdo, Guadalupe Silvero, Carlos J. Durán-Valle, Sustainable Carbon-Based Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Solvent-Free Acetylation Reactions, Proceedings, 9, 1, (2019), 40 https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05685
  65. Manuri Brahmayya, Shing-Yi Suen, Shenghong A. Dai, Sulfonated graphene oxide-catalyzed N-acetylation of amines with acetonitrile under sonication, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 83, (2018), 174-183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2017.12.003
  66. Yuan-Yuan Liu, Jun-Mei Qi, Li-Sha Bai, Yue-Long Xu, Ning Ma, Fei-Fei Sun, Graphite oxide-catalyzed acetylation of alcohols and phenols, Chinese Chemical Letters, 27, 5, (2016), 726-730 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2016.01.005
  67. Samira Bagheri, Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, Wageeh A. Yehye, Catalytic conversion of biodiesel derived raw glycerol to value added products, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, (2015), 113-127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.031
  68. Limin Zhou, Essam Al-Zaini, Adesoji A. Adesina, Catalytic characteristics and parameters optimization of the glycerol acetylation over solid acid catalysts, Fuel, 103, (2013), 617-625 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.042
  69. M. A. Betiha, Hassan M. A. Hassan, E. A. El-Sharkawy, A. M. Al-Sabagh, M. F. Menoufy, H. E. M. Abdelmoniem, A new approach to polymer-supported phosphotungstic acid: Application for glycerol acetylation using robust sustainable acidic heterogeneous–homogenous catalyst, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 182, (2016), 15-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.010
  70. Padigapati S. Reddy, Putla Sudarsanam, Gangadhara Raju, Benjaram M. Reddy, Synthesis of bio-additives: Acetylation of glycerol over zirconia-based solid acid catalysts, Catalysis Communications, 11, 15, (2010), 1224-1228 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2010.07.006
  71. P. Ferreira, I. M. Fonseca, A. M. Ramos, J. Vital, J. E. Castanheiro, Acetylation of glycerol over heteropolyacids supported on activated carbon, Catalysis Communications, 12, 7, (2011), 573-576 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2010.11.022
  72. Khadijeh Beigom Ghoreishi, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Sol-gel sulfated silica as a catalyst for glycerol acetylation with acetic acid, Journal of Science and Technology, 5, 1, (2013), 65-78
  73. Antonio B. S. Neto, Alcineia C. Oliveira, Enrique Rodriguez-Castellón, Adriana F. Campos, Paulo T. C. Freire, Francisco F. F. Sousa, Josué M. Filho, Jesuina C. S. Araujo, Rossano Lang, A comparative study on porous solid acid oxides as catalysts in the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid, Catalysis Today, 349, (2020), 57-67 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.05.057
  74. Morris D. Argyle, Calvin H. Bartholomew, Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review, Catalysts, 5, 1, (2015), 145-269 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal5010145
  75. Hewei Yu, Shengli Niu, Chunmei Lu, Jing Li, Yanzhao Yang, Preparation and esterification performance of sulfonated coal-based heterogeneous acid catalyst for methyl oleate production, Energy Conversion and Management, 126, (2016), 488-496 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.036
  76. Yin Wang, Chunling Liu, Jihong Sun, Rongzhen Yang, Wensheng Dong, Ordered mesoporous BaCO3/C-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate, Science China Chemistry, 58, 4, (2015), 708-715 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-014-5173-0
  77. Saiyong Pan, Liping Zheng, Renfeng Nie, Shuixin Xia, Ping Chen, Zhaoyin Hou, Transesterification of Glycerol with Dimethyl Carbonate to Glycerol Carbonate over Na–based Zeolites, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 33, 11, (2012), 1772-1777 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(11)60450-6

Last update: 2021-03-04 10:37:09

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-03-04 10:37:10

No citation recorded.
Copyright 2020 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

As an article writer, the author has the right to use their articles for various purposes, including use by institutions that employ authors or institutions that provide funding for research. Author rights are granted without special permission.

Author who publishes a paper at JKSA has the broad right to use their work for teaching and scientific purposes without the need to ask permission, including: used for (i) teaching in the author's class or institution, (ii) presentation at meetings or conferences and distributing copies to participants ; (iii) training conducted by the author or author's institution; (iv) distribution to colleagues for research use; (v) use in the compilation of subsequent authors' works; (vi) inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; (vi) reuse of part of the article in another work (with citation); (vii) preparation of derivative works (with citation); (viii) voluntary posting on open websites operated by authors or author institutions for scientific purposes (follow the CC BY-SA License).

Authors and readers can copy and redistribute material in any media or format, and mix, modify, and build material for any purpose but they must provide appropriate credit (provide article citation or content), providing links to the license, and indicate if there are changes.

The authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (JKSA). Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.

Reproduce any part of this journal, its storage in the database or its transmission by all forms or media is permitted does not need for written permission from JKSA. However, it should be cited as an honor in academic manners

JKSA and the Chemistry Department of Diponegoro University and the Editor make every effort to ensure that there are no data, opinions, or false or misleading statements published in JKSA. However, the content of the article is the sole and exclusive responsibility of each author.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form - Indonesian] [Copyright Transfer Form - English]. The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editor in the form of printed letters, scanned documents sent via email or fax.

 

Adi Darmawan, Ph.D (Editor in Chief)

Editor in chief of Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (JKSA)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Email: jksa@live.undip.ac.id