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Synthesis of Carbon Dot Nanoparticles (C-Dot) from Seeds and Seedpods of Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana) using Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods

Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Gedung Kimia, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Babakan, Kec. Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia

Received: 5 Apr 2023; Revised: 2 Aug 2023; Accepted: 31 Aug 2023; Published: 30 Sep 2023.
Open Access Copyright 2023 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

C-dot is a 0-dimensional nanoparticle with photoluminescence properties and can be synthesized from plants, such as the Kesumba Keling plant. Kesumba Keling contains a red pigment sourced from the bixin and norbixin dyes containing functional groups like ‒COOH and ‒COO‒. These functional groups are anticipated to enhance the luminescence intensity produced by C-dot. This research focuses on synthesizing C-dots from Kesumba Keling seeds and seedpods using hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. It also involves an analysis of how different solvents and passivation agents affect the luminescence of C-dots, along with a comparison of the resulting fluorescent colors. The highest yield, at 73.26%, was achieved when using Kesumba Keling seedpods and ethanol as the solvent without adding urea. Furthermore, C-dots synthesized using ethanol as the solvent display a stronger luminescent glow compared to those produced using double-distilled water as the solvent. Additionally, all C-dots synthesized in this study emit a blue luminescence. Characterizing C-dots using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer reveals absorption peaks at two different wavelengths: 260‒280 nm and 320‒340 nm. These absorption peak results align with C-dot characteristics, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. When comparing the intensity of C-dots, those derived from Kesumba Keling peel using the double-distilled water solvent with the addition of urea exhibit a higher intensity (measuring at 0.99) than C-dots obtained from Kesumba Keling peel using ethanol as a solvent with added urea. The solvothermal method is deemed the most effective for C-dot synthesis, as it yields the highest luminescence intensity, accompanied by an emission wavelength shift to 491.65 nm.

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Keywords: C-dot; hydrothermal; Kesumba Keling; solvothermal; urea

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