skip to main content

Synthesis of Carbon Dot Nanoparticles (C-Dot) from Seeds and Seedpods of Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana) using Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods

Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Gedung Kimia, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Babakan, Kec. Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia

Received: 5 Apr 2023; Revised: 2 Aug 2023; Accepted: 31 Aug 2023; Published: 30 Sep 2023.
Open Access Copyright 2023 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

C-dot is a 0-dimensional nanoparticle with photoluminescence properties and can be synthesized from plants, such as the Kesumba Keling plant. Kesumba Keling contains a red pigment sourced from the bixin and norbixin dyes containing functional groups like ‒COOH and ‒COO‒. These functional groups are anticipated to enhance the luminescence intensity produced by C-dot. This research focuses on synthesizing C-dots from Kesumba Keling seeds and seedpods using hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. It also involves an analysis of how different solvents and passivation agents affect the luminescence of C-dots, along with a comparison of the resulting fluorescent colors. The highest yield, at 73.26%, was achieved when using Kesumba Keling seedpods and ethanol as the solvent without adding urea. Furthermore, C-dots synthesized using ethanol as the solvent display a stronger luminescent glow compared to those produced using double-distilled water as the solvent. Additionally, all C-dots synthesized in this study emit a blue luminescence. Characterizing C-dots using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer reveals absorption peaks at two different wavelengths: 260‒280 nm and 320‒340 nm. These absorption peak results align with C-dot characteristics, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. When comparing the intensity of C-dots, those derived from Kesumba Keling peel using the double-distilled water solvent with the addition of urea exhibit a higher intensity (measuring at 0.99) than C-dots obtained from Kesumba Keling peel using ethanol as a solvent with added urea. The solvothermal method is deemed the most effective for C-dot synthesis, as it yields the highest luminescence intensity, accompanied by an emission wavelength shift to 491.65 nm.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: C-dot; hydrothermal; Kesumba Keling; solvothermal; urea

Article Metrics:

  1. Sri Sugiarti, Noviyan Darmawan, Synthesis of fluorescence carbon nanoparticles from ascorbic acid, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 15, 2, (2015), 141-145
  2. Yanhong Liu, Hui Huang, Weijing Cao, Baodong Mao, Yang Liu, Zhenhui Kang, Advances in carbon dots: from the perspective of traditional quantum dots, Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 4, 6, (2020), 1586-1613 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0QM00090F
  3. Xianfeng Zhang, Jingbo Lu, Xiaoli Zhou, Chunyan Guo, Chuanhu Wang, Rapid microwave synthesis of N-doped carbon nanodots with high fluorescence brightness for cell imaging and sensitive detection of iron (III), Optical Materials, 64, (2017), 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2016.11.026
  4. Jun Zuo, Tao Jiang, Xiaojing Zhao, Xiaohong Xiong, Saijin Xiao, Zhiqiang Zhu, Preparation and Application of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015, (2015), 787862 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/787862
  5. Xiaokai Xu, Yadong Li, Guangqi Hu, Luoqi Mo, Mingtao Zheng, Bingfu Lei, Xuejie Zhang, Chaofan Hu, Jianle Zhuang, Yingliang Liu, Surface functional carbon dots: chemical engineering applications beyond optical properties, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 8, 46, (2020), 16282-16294 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC03805A
  6. Wenjuan Liang, Zhixi Li, Hao Li, Zhipeng Liu, Xin Wang, Kun Yang, The influence of functional group on photoluminescence properties of carbon dots, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 8, 12, (2019), R176 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0131912jss
  7. Yongqiang Dong, Hongchang Pang, Hong Bin Yang, Chunxian Guo, Jingwei Shao, Yuwu Chi, Chang Ming Li, Ting Yu, Carbon‐Based Dots Co‐doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur for High Quantum Yield and Excitation‐Independent Emission, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52, 30, (2013), 7800-7804 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201301114
  8. Debashruti Bhattacharya, Vinay Kumar, Gopinath Packirisamy, Biocompatible carbon nanodots from red onion peels for anti-oxidative and bioimaging applications, Materials Express, 11, 12, (2021), 1958-1965 https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.2101
  9. Mingyue Xue, Mengbing Zou, Jingjin Zhao, Zhihua Zhan, Shulin Zhao, Green preparation of fluorescent carbon dots from lychee seeds and their application for the selective detection of methylene blue and imaging in living cells, Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3, 33, (2015), 6783-6789 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB01073J
  10. Faradisa Anindita, Noviyan Darmawan, Zainal Alim Mas’ud, Fluorescence carbon dots from durian as an eco-friendly inhibitor for copper corrosion, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054412
  11. Xian Wen Tan, Ain Nadirah Binti Romainor, Suk Fun Chin, Sing Muk Ng, Carbon dots production via pyrolysis of sago waste as potential probe for metal ions sensing, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 105, (2014), 157-165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.11.001
  12. Permono Adi Putro, Liszulfah Roza, Isnaeni Isnaeni, Precursor concentration effect on optical properties of carbon dots from Cassava’s peels, Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications, 2, 2, (2018), 43-52 https://doi.org/10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v2i2.30664
  13. Arini Qurrata A'yun, Isnaeni Isnaeni, D. Tahir, N. M. Ramlan, R. H. Putri, Perbandingan sifat optik Karbon Dots (C-Dots) dari daun mangga kering dan segar, Quantum: Seminar Nasional Fisika, dan Pendidikan Fisika, 2018
  14. Fensia Analda Souhoka, Nikmans Hattu, Marsye Huliselan, Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Biji Kesumba Keling (Bixa Orellana L), Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 7, 1, (2019), 25-31 https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2019.7-fas
  15. M. Shahshahanipour, B. Rezaei, Ali A. Ensafi, Zahra Etemadifar, An ancient plant for the synthesis of a novel carbon dot and its applications as an antibacterial agent and probe for sensing of an anti-cancer drug, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 98, (2019), 826-833 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.041
  16. Hui Ding, Yuan Ji, Ji-Shi Wei, Qing-Yu Gao, Zi-Yuan Zhou, Huan-Ming Xiong, Facile synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots from pulp-free lemon juice for bioimaging, Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 5, 26, (2017), 5272-5277 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB01130J
  17. Laksmi Dewi Kasmiarno, Andini Fikarda, Reforny Kristianti Gunawan, Isnaeni Isnaeni, Supandi Supandi, Nonni Soraya Sambudi, Carbon Quantum Dots (CQds) from Rambutan and Pandan Leaves For Cu2+ Detection, Waste Technology, 9, 1, (2021), 1-10
  18. Qian-Ting Xu, Jia-Chuang Li, Huai-Guo Xue, Sheng-Ping Guo, Binary iron sulfides as anode materials for rechargeable batteries: Crystal structures, syntheses, and electrochemical performance, Journal of Power Sources, 379, (2018), 41-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.022
  19. Wei Li, Sichun Wang, Ying Li, Chunhui Ma, Zhanhua Huang, Chunsheng Wang, Jian Li, Zhijun Chen, Shouxin Liu, One-step hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent nanocrystalline cellulose/carbon dot hydrogels, Carbohydrate Polymers, 175, (2017), 7-17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.062
  20. Yakubu Newman Monday, Jaafar Abdullah, Nor Azah Yusof, Suraya Abdul Rashid, Rafidah Hanim Shueb, Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor, Applied Sciences, 11, 4, (2021), 1630 https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041630
  21. Bang‐Ping Jiang, Bo Zhou, Xing‐Can Shen, Yun‐Xiang Yu, Shi‐Chen Ji, Chang‐Chun Wen, Hong Liang, Selective Probing of Gaseous Ammonia Using Red‐Emitting Carbon Dots Based on an Interfacial Response Mechanism, Chemistry–A European Journal, 21, 52, (2015), 18993-18999 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201502731
  22. Ahmad Sjahriza, Surya Herlambang, Indah Fajar Wati, Modifikasi Karakteristik Kuat Tarik pada Komposit Film Poli (Vinil Pirolidon) dan Karagenan Melalui Pembentukan Komposit Karbon Nano Dot, al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan, 5, 2, (2018), 52-56 https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v5i2.3756
  23. Jin Ho Bang, Kenneth S. Suslick, Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanostructured materials, Advanced Materials, 22, 10, (2010), 1039-1059 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200904093
  24. Hui Ding, Xue-Hua Li, Xiao-Bo Chen, Ji-Shi Wei, Xiao-Bing Li, Huan-Ming Xiong, Surface states of carbon dots and their influences on luminescence, Journal of Applied Physics, 127, 23, (2020), 231101 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5143819
  25. Yang Xi-Feng, Liu Zhao-Lin, Chen Ping-Ping, Chen Xiao-Shuang, Li Tian-Xin, Lu Wei, Broadening of Photoluminescence by Nonhomogeneous Size Distribution of Self-Assembled InAs Quantum Dots, Chinese Physics Letters, 25, 8, (2008), 3059 https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/25/8/087
  26. Ying Li, Hechun Lin, Chunhua Luo, Yunqiu Wang, Chunli Jiang, Ruijuan Qi, Rong Huang, Jadranka Travas-sejdic, Hui Peng, Aggregation induced red shift emission of phosphorus doped carbon dots, RSC Advances, 7, 51, (2017), 32225-32228 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA04781A
  27. Judy R. Witono, Putri Ramadhany, Herry Santoso, Agustina Putri, The potency of norbixin as an active compound of natural dye in textile industry, Materials Today: Proceedings, 63, (2022), S248-S254 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.437
  28. Nathalia B. D. Lima, Simone M. C. Gonçalves, Severino A. Júnior, Alfredo M. Simas, A comprehensive strategy to boost the quantum yield of luminescence of europium complexes, Scientific Reports, 3, (2013), 2395 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02395
  29. Wenshuo Wang, Cornelia Damm, Johannes Walter, Thomas J. Nacken, Wolfgang Peukert, Photobleaching and stabilization of carbon nanodots produced by solvothermal synthesis, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18, (2016), 466-475 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP04942C
  30. Zhihui Yi, Ximing Li, Hongyu Zhang, Xiuling Ji, Wei Sun, Yuexin Yu, Yinan Liu, Jiaxing Huang, Zahra Sarshar, Mohini Sain, High quantum yield photoluminescent N-doped carbon dots for switch sensing and imaging, Talanta, 222, (2021), 121663 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121663

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-07-16 09:59:09

No citation recorded.