DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.26.9.353-362

Development of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs) for Determination of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ Ions in Mineral Water

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

2School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Received: 1 Sep 2023; Revised: 7 Nov 2023; Accepted: 10 Nov 2023; Published: 8 Dec 2023.
Open Access Copyright 2023 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have been successfully developed using dual detection: electrochemical and colorimetric systems. The µPADs have the potential to be used as Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) sensors to test the quality of water. The fabrication process uses hot embossing and screen-printing methods. The working electrode in the electrochemical zone was enhanced by the bismuth metal deposition process, while in the colorimetric zone, the gold nanoparticles modified with thioctic acid and dansylhydrazine (TA-Au-DNS) were used as a colorimetric sensor to detect Cu. The basic material of µPADs was characterized using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and a contact angle meter (CAM). In the electrochemical zone, the signals of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) resulted in good detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) (from 0 to 100 ppb) with a limit of detection of 1.588 and 1.42 ppb, respectively. In the colorimetric zone, the performance of TA-Au-DNS for detecting Cu metal was obtained from readings through the red-green-blue (RGB) sensor as a miniature of µPADs reader. The LOD, LOQ, and average Vx0 (linearity values) in the detection of Cu(II) (from 58 to 100 ppb) are 8.51 ppb, 28.36 ppb, and 0.41%, respectively.

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Keywords: dual detection systems; hot embossing; microfluidic paper-based analytical devices; RGB sensor; screen printing; square wave anodic stripping voltammetry
Funding: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan;Departemen Kimia - Universitas Indonesia

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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