DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.28.4.183-194

Enhanced Anode Performance in Yeast Microbial Fuel Cells via Optimized Calcination of Eggshell Using Response Surface Method

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

2Master Program of Energy, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

3Research Collaboration Center of Electrochemistry, BRIN-Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Indonesia, South Tangerang, Indonesia

5 Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea

6 Asosiasi Peneliti Indonesia di Korea (APIK), Seoul 07342, South Korea

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Received: 10 Nov 2024; Revised: 26 Feb 2025; Accepted: 15 Mar 2025; Published: 31 May 2025.
Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

This study aims to explore the potential of calcined eggshells as an economical and effective anode material in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This research examines the enhancement of calcined eggshells as an anode material in MFCs by operating condition optimization using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The experimental findings underscore the substantial influence of temperature and the eggshell/NaOH ratio on voltage and maximum power density (MPD). Raising the calcination temperature from 550°C to 700°C improves both voltage and MPD, with peak performance seen at 700°C. Nonetheless, performance stabilizes above 850°C. The eggshell/NaOH ratio is significant, with enhancements seen at an optimum ratio of 4. ANOVA analysis indicates that the model accounts for 79.89% of the variability in voltage and 82.74% in MPD, while the modified R-squared values imply possible overfitting. Optimal calcination parameters (704.55°C and a ratio of 2.52) improve the microstructural characteristics of calcined eggshells and crystallinity, which are essential for electron transport and bacterial adhesion. SEM study indicates a morphological transition to a rough, porous structure, whilst XRD and FTIR investigations validate the conversion from calcium carbonate to calcium hydroxide, enhancing electrochemical characteristics. This study highlights the promise of optimized calcined eggshells as economical and effective materials for microbial fuel cells, advancing sustainable energy and materials science.

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Keywords: Thermal treatment; Porous; Electrochemical properties; Microbial adhesion; Microbial Fuel Cells; Waste-to-Energy
Funding: Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) and Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) - The Ministry of Finance through scheme Riset dan Inovasi untuk Indonesia Maju (RIIM) Batch-2 2nd year (No. 93/IV/KS/11/2022 and 652/UN7.D2/KS/XI/2022).

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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