skip to main content

The Potency of Noni Leaves Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) as a Bioreductor in the Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Its Effectiveness as an Antibacterial against Streptococcus pyogenes

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia

Received: 2 Dec 2024; Revised: 24 Mar 2025; Accepted: 26 Mar 2025; Published: 30 Apr 2025.
Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Green Synthesis of CuNPs Using Morinda citrifolia Leaves Extract as Bioreductor and Antibacterial Activity Against Streptococcus pyoganes
Abstract

The noni (Morinda citrifolia L) is one of Indonesia’s traditional medicinal plants, which people have widely used to treat dysentery, hypertension, diabetes, and heart attacks and prevent cancer. The noni contains phenolic compounds, namely flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and tannins, which have the potential to act as bioreductors. The research aims to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using noni leaves extract as a bioreductor and assay their antibacterial activity. CuNPs were synthesized by mixing noni leaf extract and copper sulfate in a 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratio. It was characterized using UV-Vis, PSA, FTIR, and XRD. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method on Streptococcus pyogenes. The results showed that the optimum synthesis of CuNPs was at a ratio of 1:3 and pH 10. CuNPs had a maximum UV-Vis absorption wavelength at 305 nm, an average particle size of 5.46 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.2048, and the Cu-O peak was observed at 560 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum. XRD measurements revealed peaks at 2θ angles of 43.38°, 50.50°, and 74.43°. CuNPs showed good potential as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus pyogenes with an average inhibition zone diameter of 17.3 mm. Thus, copper nanoparticles synthesized using noni leaf extract bioreductor had the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent for Streptococcus pyogenes.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: green synthesis; copper nanoparticles; noni leaves extract; Streptococcus pyogenes; antibacterial activity

Article Metrics:

  1. Avilia Dhiar Aryani, Hilda Aprilia Wisnuwardhani, Studi Literatur Sintesis Nanopartikel Tembaga Menggunakan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Tumbuhan dengan Aktivitas Antioksidan, Jurnal Riset Farmasi, 2, 1, (2022), 41-48 https://doi.org/10.29313/jrf.v2i1.843
  2. Anita Fajriyani, Iin Lidia Putana Mursal, Icha Nurfirzatulloh, Mutiara Insani, Rifka Adya Shafira, Jenis-Jenis dan Ukuran Nanopartikel Dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat Yang Baik: Literature Review Articel, Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9, 16, (2023), 457-462
  3. Dewi Rahmadani, Sumiati Side, Suriati Eka Putri, Pengaruh Penambahan PVA terhadap Ukuran Nanopartikel Perak Hasil Sintesis Menggunakan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.), Sainsmat : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 9, 1-13, (2020), https://doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat91141862020
  4. Diah Anggraini Wulandari, Muhammad Safaat, Peran Nanopartikel Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Parasit Plasmodium Penyebab Malaria, Jurnal Bioteknologi dan Biosains Indonesia, 8, 1, (2021), 124-136
  5. Gusti Ayu Dewi Lestari, Kadek Duwi Cahyadi, Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by Andaliman Fruit Water Extract and Its Application as Antioxidants, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 25, 2, (2022), 56-62 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.2.56-62
  6. Tb Dedy Fuady, Ekonomi Kreatif, Upaya Mengingkatkan Ekonomi Dalam Pemanfaatan Buah Mengkudu Menjadi Kopi Berkhasiat Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19, ABDIKARYA: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 2, 2, (2020), 169-180 https://doi.org/10.47080/abdikarya.v2i2.1086
  7. F. E. Afiff, Susie Amilah, Efektivitas ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) terhadap zona hambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa, 10, 1, (2017), 12-16
  8. Qurrata Aini, Nuralang Nuralang, Armitha Dea Pradina, Muhammad Arief Yamin, Amanda Amanda, Diah Riski Gusti, Immobilisasi Nanopartikel Tembaga (Cu) dan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) pada Kain Katun, al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan, 9, 1, (2022), 26-31 https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v9i1.17241
  9. Gayathri Vijayakumar, Hindhuja Kesavan, Anisha Kannan, Dhanalakshmi Arulanandam, Jeong Hee Kim, Kwang Jin Kim, Hak Jin Song, Hyung Joo Kim, Senthil Kumaran Rangarajulu, Phytosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Spices and Their Antibacterial Properties, Processes, 9, 8, (2021), 1341 https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081341
  10. Javiera Ramos-Zúñiga, Nicolás Bruna, José M. Pérez-Donoso, Toxicity Mechanisms of Copper Nanoparticles and Copper Surfaces on Bacterial Cells and Viruses, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, 13, (2023), 10503 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310503
  11. Faiza A. M. Alahdal, Mohsen T. A. Qashqoosh, Yahiya Kadaf Manea, Rafeeq K. A. Mohammed, Saeeda Naqvi, Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Phragmanthera austroarabica extract and their biological/environmental applications, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 35, (2023), e00540 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00540
  12. Gladys Javani, Suyatno Sutoyo, Potential of the Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garnicia mangostana L.) as a Bioreductor in the Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles, Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 12, 3, (2023), 297-304
  13. Seyedeh-Maryam Hasheminya, Jalal and Dehghannya, Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Eryngium caucasicum Trautv aqueous extracts and its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, Particulate Science and Technology, 38, 8, (2020), 1019-1026 https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2019.1658664
  14. Fifin Setiani, Suyatno Suyatno, Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles with Bioreductor Carica Dieng (Carica pubescens) Seed Extract, Jurnal Pijar Mipa, 19, 1, (2024), 150-155 https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v19i1.6124
  15. H. C. Ananda Murthy, Tegene Desalegn, Mebratu Kassa, Buzuayehu Abebe, Temesgen Assefa, Synthesis of Green Copper Nanoparticles Using Medicinal Plant Hagenia abyssinica (Brace) JF. Gmel. Leaf Extract: Antimicrobial Properties, Journal of Nanomaterials, 2020, 1, (2020), 3924081 https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3924081
  16. Lusi Puspitasari, Syukri Arief, Zulhadjri Zulhadjri, Ekstrak daun andalas sebagai capping agent dalam green hydrothermal synthesis nanopartikel mangan ferrit dan aplikasinya sebagai antibakteri, Chimica et natura Acta, 7, 1, (2019), 20-26 https://doi.org/10.24198/cna.v7.n1.19925
  17. Wara Dyah Pita Rengga, Widya Prita Hapsari, Dwi Wahyu Ardianto, Sintesis nanopartikel tembaga dari larutan CuNO3 menggunakan ekstrak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan, 12, 1, (2017), 15-21 http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v12i1.5197
  18. Citra Puspitasari, Sintesis Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO-NP) menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus pholyrizus), Kimia, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 2018
  19. Rodiah Nurbaya Sari, Hari Eko Irianto, Diah Lestari Ayudiarti, Penggunaan Oven Microwave Untuk Mensintesis Nanopartikel ZnO Menggunakan Ekstrak Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp., Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 22, 2, (2019), 375-390 https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v22i2.27834
  20. Mohammad Amer, Akl Awwad, Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by Citrus limon fruits extract, characterization and antibacterial activity, Chemistry International, 7, 1, (2020), 1-8 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017993
  21. Amr T. M. Saeb, Ahmad S. Alshammari, Hessa Al-Brahim, Khalid A. Al-Rubeaan, Production of Silver Nanoparticles with Strong and Stable Antimicrobial Activity against Highly Pathogenic and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria, The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1, (2014), 704708 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/704708
  22. Suprapto Suprapto, Cantika Alda Hafshah Handoyo, Putri Ayu Senja, Veto Barid Ramadhan, Yatim Lailun Ni'mah, Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Chromolaena odorata (L.) Leaf Extract as A Stabilizing Agent, Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA), 3, 1, (2020), 9-16 https://doi.org/10.20885/ijca.vol3.iss1.art2
  23. Suci Amaliyah, Dwika Putri Pangesti, Masruri Masruri, Akhmad Sabarudin, Sutiman Bambang Sumitro, Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Piper retrofractum Vahl extract as bioreductor and capping agent, Heliyon, 6, 8, (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04636
  24. Muhammad Imran Din, Farhan Arshad, Zaib Hussain, Maria Mukhtar, Green Adeptness in the Synthesis and Stabilization of Copper Nanoparticles: Catalytic, Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidant Activities, Nanoscale Research Letters, 12, 1, (2017), 638 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-2399-8
  25. Devina Ummul Agniya Ravana, Anggi Arumsari, Kajian literatur sintesis dan karakterisasi nanopartikel emas menggunakan ekstrak tanaman, Jurnal Riset Farmasi, 2, 1, (2022), 63-68 https://doi.org/10.29313/jrf.v2i1.848
  26. S. Rajeshkumar, G. Rinitha, Nanostructural characterization of antimicrobial and antioxidant copper nanoparticles synthesized using novel Persea americana seeds, OpenNano, 3, (2018), 18-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onano.2018.03.001
  27. Aurora Antonio-Pérez, Luis Fernando Durán-Armenta, María Guadalupe Pérez-Loredo, Ana Laura Torres-Huerta, Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles with Medicinal Plants Extracts: From Extraction Methods to Applications, Micromachines, 14, 10, (2023), 1882 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101882
  28. Komang Tri Aksari Dewi, Kartini Kartini, Johan Sukweenadhi, Christina Avanti, Karakter fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri nanopartikel perak hasil green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak air daun sendok (Plantago major L.), Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6, 2, (2019), 69-81 https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v6i2.4220
  29. Ilham Maulana, Fasya Dhiaulhaq, Binawati and Ginting, Biosynthesis of Cu nanoparticles using Polyalthia longifolia roots extracts for antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity applications, Materials Technology, 37, 13, (2022), 2517-2521 https://doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2022.2044217
  30. Santi Puspitasari, Adi Cifriadi, Eva Lilis Nurgilis, Zulhan Arif, Sintesis Bahan Olah Kompon Karet Secara Reaksi Vulkanisasi dari Perpaduan Minyak Nabati Semi Pengering dan Pengering, Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32, 2, (2014), 189-197 https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v32i2.164
  31. Vistarani Arini Tiwow, Meytij Jeanne Rampe, Henny Lieke Rampe, Anastasya Apita, Pola Inframerah Arang Tempurung Kelapa Hasil Pemurnian Menggunakan Asam, CHEMISTRY PROGRESS, 14, 2, (2022), 116-123 https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37191
  32. Cindy Agriningsih Haruna, Widy Aprillia Malik, Muhammad Yaqub Syamsul Rijal, Abdul Haris Watoni, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan, Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity for Liquid Disinfectant, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 25, 10, (2022), 352-361 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.10.352-361
  33. Paulina Taba, Nadya Yuli Parmitha, Syahruddin Kasim, Sintesis nanopartikel perak menggunakan ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai bioreduktor dan uji aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan, Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 7, 1, (2019), 51-60 https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2019.7-ptb
  34. Rizki Shindi Amanda, Latief Madyawati, Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih, Rahman Havizur, Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, dan Etanol Daun Durian (Durio zibethinus Linn.) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 10, 3, (2022), 442-457
  35. Ameer Azam, Arham S. Ahmed, Mohammad Oves, Mohammad S. Khan, Adnan Memic, Size-dependent antimicrobial properties of CuO nanoparticles against Gram-positive and-negative bacterial strains, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7, (2012), 3527-3535 https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S29020
  36. Kinaya Vizria Sujana, Dewa G. Katja, Harry S. J. Koleangan, Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Kulit Batang Chisocheton sp. (C.DC) Harms terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, CHEMISTRY PROGRESS, 17, 1, (2024), 87-96 https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.17.1.2024.54700

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-05-03 00:19:58

No citation recorded.