1Center for Advanced Product Development and Materials Studies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pertamina, South Jakarta, Indonesia
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@article{JKSA73331, author = {Maichel Letare Pardede and Nicholas Jonathan and Robin Irawan and Agung Nugroho and Ratna Frida Susanti}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of rGO Using a Combination Hummers Method and Hydrothermal Reduction}, journal = {Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi}, volume = {28}, number = {7}, year = {2025}, keywords = {reduced graphene oxide; XRD; graphite oxide; Hummer; supercapacitor}, abstract = {Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully synthesized through a combination of two oxidation methods. The Hummers method was employed to synthesize graphite oxide (GrO), followed by a hydrothermal reduction technique to obtain a more ordered rGO structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the transformation of GrO to rGO, as indicated by an interlayer spacing of 0.35–0.40 nm. This value reflects the crystalline characteristics and multilayer nature of the structure. The calculated crystallite size yielded L a = 5.825 nm and L c = 0.967 nm, suggesting a relatively high degree of crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy revealed an increase in structural disorder after the reduction process, as shown by an I D1 /I G ratio of 1.771, which indicates the formation of structural defects due to the removal of oxygen-containing groups. Meanwhile, the I G /I D3 ratio of 1.039 confirms that the carbon atoms in rGO are arranged in a hexagonal graphite lattice. Additionally, the I 2D /I G ratio of 0.321 indicates the presence of a multilayer structure. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) showed that the rGO consists of graphene layers exhibiting folding and wrinkling, likely caused by thermal fluctuations during reduction at 180°C. The success of the reduction process was further supported by the increase in the C/O ratio from 2.42 in GrO to 5.39 in rGO. Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that rGO exhibits pseudocapacitive behavior, achieving a specific capacitance of 408.661 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Overall, the combined synthesis approach employed in this study successfully produced rGO with favorable morphology and promising electrochemical properties, highlighting its potential for energy storage applications such as supercapacitors.}, issn = {2597-9914}, pages = {396--404} doi = {10.14710/jksa.28.7.396-404}, url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ksa/article/view/73331} }
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