skip to main content

Compulsory Testament: State Intervention in the Protection and Fulfillment of Human Rights of Non-Muslim Heirs

*Abdul Rahman scopus  -  Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Business Economics, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene, Indonesia
Georges Olemanu Lohalo orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Social Sciences and Politics, Université de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mirela Imširović orcid  -  Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zulhilmi Bin Paidi scopus  -  School of Languages, Civilisation and Philosophy, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Open Access Copyright 2024 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract
This article discusses the importance of state intervention in protecting and fulfilling the human rights of non-Muslim heirs through the institution of compulsory testament. In the diverse social landscape of Indonesian society, it is possible for one heir to adhere to a non-Muslim religion while the other two heirs are Muslim. This situation raises a legal problem in the field of inheritance, as the non-Muslim heir may risk losing their inheritance rights. Both religious rights and inheritance rights are human rights that must be protected, and their fulfillment must be guaranteed by the state through the establishment of policies regarding compulsory testament. This study employs a normative legal research method to examine existing regulations, the challenges faced by non-Muslim heirs, and the role of the state in promoting justice and protecting human rights. The results of the study conclude that mandatory wills intended for non-Muslim heirs are based on customary law with the principles of justice, social justice, and humanity. Mandatory wills for non-Muslim families also accommodate the democratic atmosphere in society and the state, answering the need for a sense of justice that is the right of every individual and preventing inequality in the pluralistic Indonesian society. It is necessary to strengthen regulations related to compulsory testament, to guarantee the rights of non-Muslim heirs, in order to create a more just and civilized society.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Compulsory Testament, Heirs; Human Rights; Non-Muslims

Article Metrics:

  1. Adiasa, Muhammad R. (2023). Wasiat Wajibah Terhadap Non Muslim Dan Murtad (Analisis Terhadap Yurisprudensi Putusan Mahkamah Agung). Jurnal Al-Ahkam, Vol.14,(No.1),pp.70–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15548/alahkam.v14i1.6492
  2. Ahmad, Azmi Z. (2018). Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam: Analisis Maqasid Asy-Syarī’ah Jasser Auda. Asy-Syir’ah, Vol.52, (No.1), pp.55–73. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2018.52.1.55-73
  3. Andayani, Dwi., & Hariyati, Tetty. (2020). Problematika Wasiat Wajibah Terhadap Ahli Waris Beda Agama Di Indonesia.. Cepalo,Vol.4,(No.2),pp.157–70. https://doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v4no2.1893
  4. Arif, Muhammad R. (2017). Pemberian Wasiat Wajibah Terhadap Ahli Waris Beda Agama (Kajian Perbandingan Hukum Antara Hukum Islam Dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 368.K/AG/1995). DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol.2, (No.2), pp.351–72. https://doi.org/10.30596/dll.v2i2.1161
  5. Aziz, Abdul., Maksum, Ghufron., Nadzif, Ali Asyari, & Huda, Nurul. (2023). Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Ahli Waris Non-Muslim Di Indonesia Perspektif Najmuddin At-Thufi. Tasyri’ : Journal of Islamic Law, Vol.2, (No.1),pp.141–73. https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v2i1.72
  6. Baihaki, A. (2021). Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Putusan Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Beda Agama Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Islam. Krtha Bhayangkara, Vol.15, (No.1),pp.117–142. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v15i1.588
  7. Benuf, Kornelius., & Azhar, Muhammad. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer. Gema Keadilan, Vol.3, (No.2),pp.20–33. https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2019.v3.i2.p145-160
  8. Billah, Mu’tashim & Rahma, Vivi. (2022). Penafsiran Hukum Waris Beda Agama di Indonesia, IN RIGHT Jurnal Agama dan Hak Azazi Manusia, Vol.10, (No.2), pp.213-230. https://doi.org/10.14421/inright.v10i2.2924
  9. Bo’a, Fais Y. (2018). Pancasila Sebagai Sumber Hukum Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional. Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol.15, (No.1),pp.27–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1512
  10. Dahlan, M. (2018). Rekognisi Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Konstitusi, Undang: Jurnal Hukum, Vol.1,(No.2),pp.187–217. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.1.2.187-217
  11. Evirianti, L. (2017). Religious Freedom in Indonesia: An Islamic Human Right Perspective. ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin,Vol.18,(No.1),pp.71–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v18i1.1471
  12. Farikha, Nur., & Zuhri, M. Ali Syaifudin. (2020). Konsep Waris Anak Angkat Dalam Wasiat Wajibah Perspektif KHI Dan Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili. Rechtenstudent Journal, Vol.1, (No.3),pp.232–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35719/rch.v1i3.32
  13. Hangabei, Sinung Mufti., Dimyati, Khudzaifah., Absori., & Akhmad. (2021). The Ideology of Law: Embodying The Religiosity Of Pancasila In Indonesia Legal Concepts," Law Reform, Vol.17, (No.1), pp.77-94. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v17i1.37554
  14. Hanum, Zulfia., & Syahr, Alfi. (2016). Wasiat Wajibah Sebagai Wujud Penyelesaian Perkara Waris Beda Agama Dalam Perkembangan Sosial Masyarakat. Holistik: Journal For Islamic Social Sciences, Vol.1, (No.2),pp.123–33. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/holistik.v1i2
  15. Hidayat, A. (2013). Penemuan Hukum melalui Penafsiran Hakim dalam Putusan Pengadilan. Pandecta,Vol.8,(No.2),pp.153-169. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v8i2.2682
  16. Ilhami, H. (2016). Development of the Regulation Related To Obligatory Bequest (Wasiat Wajibah) in Indonesian Islamic Inheritance Law System. Mimbar Hukum, Vol.27, (No.3),pp.553–65. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15884
  17. Ishak, N. (2022). Religious Tolerance in the Constitution and Guarantees for the Protection of Human Rights. Jurnal Scientia Indonesia,Vol.8,(No.1),pp.53–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jsi.v8i1.35953
  18. Ja’far, A. Kumedi., & Hermanto, Agus. (2021). Reinterpretation of The Rights And Duties of Contemporary Husbands And Wives. Samarah,Vol.5,(No.2),pp.648–667. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.9124
  19. Jarchosi, A. (2020). Pelaksanaan Wasiat Wajibah. ADHKI: Journal of Islamic Family Law,Vol.2,(No.1),pp.77–90. https://doi.org/10.37876/adhki.v2i1.34
  20. Khalisha, Nabila., & Zubaedah, Rahmi. (2021). Ketentuan Penyerahan Wasiat Wajibah Kepada Ahli Waris Yang Berbeda Agama Di Pengadilan Dan Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Bekasi Nomor 0024 / Pdt . P / 2016 / PA . Bks. El-Faqih: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Hukum Islam Vol.7,(No.2),pp.1–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29062/faqih.v7i2.238
  21. Khouw, Safira Rahmi., Angga, La Ode., & Fataruba, Sabri. (2022). Kajian Hukum Islam Tentang Wasiat Wajibah Kepada Ahli Waris Beda Agama. Tatohi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum,Vol.1,(No.11),pp.1120–1129. https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v1i11.869
  22. Lismanto., & Utama, Yos Johan. (2020). Membumikan Instrumen Hukum Administrasi Negara Sebagai Alat Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Sosial dalam Perspektif Negara Demokrasi. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia. Vol.2,(No.3),pp.416-433. DOI: 10.14710/jphi.v2i3.416-433
  23. Maryam, Siti., Sagala, Irmawati., & Rahman, Fuad. (2022). Analisis Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 368 K/Ag/1995 Tentang Hak Menerima Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Comprehensive Perspective on Islamic Studies,Vol.1,(No.2),pp.221-242. https://doi.org/10.56436/jocis.v1i2.93
  24. Mutmainah, Iin., & Sabir, Muhammad. (2019). Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Ahli Waris Beda Agama (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor: 368K/AG/1995). DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, Vol.17,(No.2),pp.188–210. https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v17i2.818
  25. Nofitasari, Khotifatul D. (2021). Wasiat Wajibah Kepada Anak Angkat, Non Muslim Dan Anak Tiri (Formulasi Hukum Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Pasal 209 Kompilasi Hukum Islam Di Indonesia Dan Perkembangannya). Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law & Family Studies, Vol.3, (No.2),pp.25–47. https://doi.org/10.21154/syakhsiyyah.v3i2.3370
  26. Nugraheni, Destri Budi., Ilhami, Haniah., & Yulkarnain Harahab. (2010). Pengaturan Dan Implementasi Wasiat Wajibah Di Indonesia, Mimbar Hukum, Vol.22, (No.2), pp.311–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16229
  27. Nurafifah, Isti., Muslihuddin., & Nurhuda, Abid. (2023). Analisis Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Surabaya No. 0378/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Sby Ditinjau Dari Kewarisan Islam Dan Hak Asasi Manusia. JIS: Journal Islamic Studies, Vol.1, (No.3), pp.342–63. https://qjurnal.my.id/index.php/jis/article/view/480
  28. Purwanti, Ani., & Samekto, FX. Adji. (2021). Tantangan Indonesia Dalam Taman Sari Dunia : Mewujudkan Kedaulatan Pangan. Pancasila : Jurnal Keindonesiaan, Vol.1, (No.1),pp.1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52738/pjk.v1i1.2
  29. Raharjo, Alip Pamungkas., & Putri, Elok Fauzia Dwi. (2019). Analisis Pemberian Wasiat Wajibah Terhadap Ahli Waris Beda Agama Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 331 K/Ag/2018. Jurnal Suara Hukum, Vol.1,(No.2),pp.172–85. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v1n2.p172-185
  30. Rahayu., Roisah, Kholis., Wardana, Khansadhia Afifah., & Erlangga, Vania Lutfi Safira. (2024). Human Rights Defenders in Indonesia's Digital Age: Navigating Limited Spaces in the Quest for Digital Democracy. Sriwijaya Law Review, Vol.8, Issue, 2, pp.358-375, http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss2.3860.pp358-375
  31. Rahman, Arif., Sofyan., & Aksi, Mulham Jati. (2022). Hakim Peradilan Agama: Refleksi Sistem Pengangkatan Dan Pelaksana Kekuasaan Kehakiman Di Indonesia Mulham Jati Aksi. DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, Vol. 20, (No.1),pp.79–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v20i1.2780
  32. Rizkal. (2016). Pemberian Hak Waris Dalam Hukum Islam Kepada Non-Muslim Berdasarkan Wasiat Wajibah (Kajian Putusan Nomor 16 K/AG/2010), Jurnal Yudisial, Vol.9, (No.2), pp.173-193.DOI: 10.29123/jy.v9i2.23
  33. Rohmawati. (2018). Progresivitas Hukum Kewarisan Beda Agama Di Indonesia Berbasis Keadilan Dan Maṣlahah. International Journal Ihya’ ’Ulum Al-Din, Vol.20,(No.2),pp.217–240. https://doi.org/10.21580/ihya.20.2.4047
  34. Rumadan, I. (2014). Problematika Pelaksanaan Kekuasaan Kehakiman (Dalam Konteks Pelaksanaan Fungsi Check and Balances System). Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, Vol.3,(No.3),pp.243–52. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.3.3.2014.243-252
  35. Setyawan, R. (2019). Wasiat Wajibah, Nonmuslim Dan Kemaslahatan Hukum : Studi Putusan MA Tahun 1995-2010. Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, Vol.53, (No.1), pp.31–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v53i1.644
  36. Shalehah, I. (2020). Waris Beda Agama (Analisis Putusan Perkara Kewarisan Beda Agama Dalam Putusan Ma 16/Kag/2018). Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law, Vol.2, (No.1), pp.31–46. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-manhaj.v2i1. 3076
  37. Silviana, Ana., & Fuadi, Ariza. (2023). Legal Policy on the Use of Heir Certificates (SKAW) for Registration of Land Rights Transfers in Indonesia. Law Reform, Vol.19,(No.2),pp.294-320. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i2.52626
  38. Situngkir, Danel A. (2018). Terikatnya Negara Dalam Perjanjian Internasional. Refleksi Hukum Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol.2, (No.2),pp.167–80. https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2018.v2.i2.p167-180
  39. Sonata, Depri L. (2014). Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris Karakteristik Khas Dari Metode Meneliti Hukum. Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol.8, (No.1), pp.15–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51749/jphi.v2i1.14
  40. Sulistyono, Anang., Wahid, Abdul., & Primudyastutie, Mirin. (2017). Interpretasi Hukum oleh Hakim Konstitusi dalam Mendekonstruksi Anatomi Korupsi Migas. Jurnal Konstitusi,Vol.14,(No.2),pp.418-439. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1429
  41. Suratman., & Amini, Sulasiyah. (2022). Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Kerabat Yang Terhalang Mendapatkan Warisan (Sebuah Rechtsvinding). Yurispruden : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang,Vol.5,(No.2),p.163. https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v5i2.13731
  42. Sutiyoso, B. (2010). Pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi Sebagai Pelaku Kekuasaan Kehakiman Di Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi,Vol.10,(No.6),pp.25–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31078/jk762
  43. Tan, D. (2021). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Mengupas Dan Mengulas Metodologi Dalam Menyelenggarakan Penelitian Hukum. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Vol.8, (No.8), pp. 2463–2478. https://doi.org/10.31604/jips.v8i8.2021.2463-2478
  44. Tangkau, Tonic., Tangkau, Daniel Julian., Thalib, Prawitra., Nugraha, Xavier, & Agustin, Windy. (2020). Analysis on Non-Muslim Heir Position Towards the Inheritance of Muslim Testator in Indonesia. Yuridika, Vol.35,(No.2).pp.389-406. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v39i3.48338
  45. Taufiqurrohman, Moch. Marsa., Jayus., Efendi, A'an. (2021). Integrasi Sistem Peradilan Pemilihan Umum melalui Pembentukan Mahkamah Pemilihan Umum. Jurnal Konstitusi,Vol.18(No.3),pp.562-84. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1834
  46. Titahelu, Juanrico Alfaromona S. (2022). Legal Liability for Crimes against Humanity as A Form of Human Rights Violation (Criminal Law Perspective). Law Reform, Vol.18, (No.1),pp.28-42. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v18i1.44154
  47. Ulfa, Ina., Dewi, Dinie Anggraeni., & Furnamasari, Yayang Furi. (2020). Suku, Ras Dan Agama Mempengaruhi Kedudukan Hak Asasi Manusia Di Indonesia. Action Research Literate, Vol.4,(No.2),pp.38-42. https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v4i2.9
  48. Warsono, Hardi., Amaliyah, Anita., Putranti, Ika Riswanti., & Iannone, Aniello. (2023). Indonesia Government Sets Back: The Rule Of Law, Collaborative Governance And Human Right Challenges During Covid-19. Law Reform, Vol.19, (No.2), pp.169-198. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i2.53734
  49. Wijayanti, Tania., Muryanto, Yudho Taruno., & Darori, M Irnawan. (2021). Comparation of The Transfer of Land Rights to The Description Deed of Inheritance Rights. Law Reform, Vol.17, (No.1), pp.121-134. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v17i1.37558
  50. Yansyah, Roby., & Rahayu. (2018). Globalisasi Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, Dan Transgender (LGBT): Perspektif Ham Dan Agama Dalam Lingkup Hukum Di Indonesia. Law Reform,Vol.14,(No.1),pp.132-146. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v14i1.20242
  51. Zainuddin., Khalid, Hasbuddin., & Ramadani, Rizki. (2023). Compulsory Testament: Efforts to Protect and Fulfil the Welfare Rights of Adopted Children in Indonesia’s Islamic Inheritance System. Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law & Practice,Vol.19,(No.2),pp.162–75. https://www.electronicpublications.org/stuff/971
  52. Zubair, Asni., Latif, Hamzah., & Hariyanto, Al Furqon Dono. (2022). The Construction of Inheritance Law Reform in Indonesia: Questioning the Transfer of Properties through Wasiat Wājibah to Non-Muslim Heirs. Samarah,Vol.6,(No.1),pp.176-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.12628
  53. Fauzi, Mohammad Y. (2020). Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Non Muslim Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif Serta Kontribusinya Terhadap Hukum Keluarga Di Indonesia. Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung
  54. Tono, S. (2013). Wasiat Wajibah Sebagai Alternatif Mengakomodasi Bagian Ahli Waris Non Muslim Di Indonesia. Univesitas Islam Indonesia

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-14 13:11:27

No citation recorded.