DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v12i3.44914

Triggers of Workplace Violence in Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study

*Ibrahim Ayasreh orcid scopus  -  Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jordan
Ferial Hayajneh orcid  -  Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Jordan
Rana Al Awamleh  -  Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jordan
Mohammed ALBashtawy orcid  -  Department of Community and Mental Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, AL Al-Bayt University, Jordan
Abdullah Al-Khawaldeh  -  Associate Professor, Department of Community and Mental Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, AL Al-Bayt University, Jordan
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Workplace violence has become an alarming phenomenon facing healthcare systems worldwide. Emergency nurses were the most victimized from workplace violence incidents. There is a crucial need for conducting qualitative research addressing the unique contextual factors associated with workplace violence against emergency nurses in Jordan.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore circumstances that Jordanian emergency nurses, who were victims of workplace violence from clients and/or their relatives, perceive as provocative for workplace violence events.

Methods: A qualitative phenomenological method was used. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit participants (n=15), who were victims of workplace violence, and working in eight emergency departments distributed over all regions of Jordan. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. All interviews were recorded and transcribed into Arabic. The Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to manually analyse the gathered data. Member checking, prolonged engagement with data, stepwise replication, and personal journaling were used to enhance the rigor of the study.

Results: Findings of this study resulted in four superordinate themes that represents the main individual, social, and organisational factors contributing to workplace violence in Jordanian emergency departments. These themes include aggressors’ misconceptions and misbehaviours with four subordinate themes, inappropriate Jordanian social customs with two subordinate themes, organisational circumstances of emergency department with two subordinate themes, and escalator nurses with three subordinate themes.

Conclusion: This study highlighted how specific social, cultural, legal, and administrative aspects of Jordanian society were inappropriately employed so as to lead to spread of the workplace violence. This study has provided insight into the need for change at personal level of emergency nurses, social level of Jordanian public, and organizational level of hospital administration and environment in order to mitigate workplace violence incidence in emergency departments.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Emergency departments; emergency nurses; qualitative; violence workplace

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Measures of Nursing Environment Multidimensionality and Patient Centricity Using Importance-Performance Map Analysis Relationship between Nurses’ Attitudes and Satisfaction with Bedside Shift Reports and Patient Safety Culture The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Restless Legs Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Editorial Front Matter Editorial Back Matter More recent articles
Most cited articles
Effect of Self-Efficacy Enhancing Education Program on Family Caregivers’ Competencies in Caring for Patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers and Job Satisfaction among Filipino Nurses: A Pilot Study Dietary Behaviors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Surgical Site Infection among Women Post Cesarean Section: An Integrative Review Attitudes, Belief, and Barriers of Indonesian Oncology Nurses on Providing Assistance to Overcome Sexuality Problem More cited articles
  1. ALBashtawy, M. (2013). Workplace violence against nurses in emergency departments in Jordan. International Nursing Review, 60(4), 550–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12059
  2. Albashtawy, M., & Aljezawi, M. (2016). Emergency nurses perspective of workplace violence in Jordanian hospitals: A national survey. International Emergency Nursing, 24, 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2015.06.005
  3. Alkorashy, H. A., & Moalad, F. B. (2016). Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital. International Nursing Review, 63(2), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12242
  4. Al‐Maskari, S. A., Al‐Busaidi, I. S., & Al‐Maskari, M. A. (2020). Workplace violence against emergency department nurses in Oman: A cross‐sectional multi‐institutional study. International Nursing Review, 67(2), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12574
  5. Al-Shiyab, A. A., and Ababneh, R. I. (2018). Consequences of workplace violence behaviors in Jordanian public hospitals. Employee Relations, 40(3), 515–528. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-02- 2017-0043
  6. Ayasreh, I. R., & Hayajneh, F. A. (2021). Workplace violence against emergency nurses. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 44(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0000000000000353
  7. Ayasreh, I. R., & Khalaf, I. A. (2020). Nurse students’ attitudes toward the nursing profession after witnessing workplace violence. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 17(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2020-0060
  8. Bigham, B. L., Jensen, J. L., Tavares, W., Drennan, I. R., Saleem, H., Dainty, K. N., and Munro, G. (2014). Paramedic self-reported exposure to violence in the emergency medical services (ems) workplace: A Mixed-methods cross-sectional survey. Prehospital Emergency Care, 18(4), 489–494. https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2014.912703
  9. Boafo, I. M. (2016). ―…they think we are conversing, so we don‘t care about them…‖ Examining the causes of workplace violence against nurses in Ghana. BMC Nursing, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0189-8
  10. Brophy, J. T., Keith, M. M., and Hurley, M. (2017). Assaulted and unheard: Violence against healthcare staff. New solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 27(4), 581–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1048291117732301
  11. Caputo, A. (2017). Religious motivation, nepotism and conflict management in Jordan. International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(2), 146-166. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-02-2017-0015
  12. Chen, X., Lv, M., Wang, M., Wang, X., Liu, J., Zheng, N., and Liu, C. (2018). Incidence and risk factors of workplace violence against nurses in a Chinese top-level teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nursing Research, 40, 122–128
  13. Cheung, T., and Yip, P. S. F. (2017). Workplace violence towards nurses in Hong Kong: prevalence and correlates. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4112-3
  14. Child & Sussman (2017). Occupational disappointment: Why did i even become a nurse? Journal of Emergency Nursing, 43(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2017.06.004
  15. Creswell (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications
  16. Darawad, M. W., Al-Hussami, M., Saleh, A. M., Mustafa, W. M., & Odeh, H. (2015). Violence against nurses in emergency departments in Jordan. Workplace Health & Safety, 63(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079914565348
  17. Gillespie, G. L., Gates, D. M., Kowalenko, T., Bresler, S., and Succop, P. (2014). Implementation of a comprehensive intervention to reduce physical assaults and threats in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(6), 586–591. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2014.01.003
  18. Glerean, N., Hupli, M., Talman, K., & Haavisto, E. (2017). Young peoples' perceptions of the nursing profession: An integrative review. Nurse Education Today, 57, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.07.008
  19. Jeong, I.-Y., & Kim, J.-S. (2018). The relationship between intention to leave the hospital and coping methods of emergency nurses after workplace violence. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(7-8), 1692–1701. https://doi: 10.1111/jocn.14228
  20. Li, N., Zhang, L., Xiao, G., Chen, J., and Lu, Q. (2019). The relationship between workplace violence, job satisfaction and turnover intention in emergency nurses. International Emergency Nursing, 45, 50-55. https://doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2019.02.001
  21. Liu, J., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Wang, J., and You, L. (2019). Workplace violence against nurses, job satisfaction, burnout, and patient safety in Chinese hospitals. Nursing Outlook, 67(5), 558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.04.006
  22. Morphet, J., Griffiths, D., Beattie, J., and Innes, K. (2019). Managers 'experiences of prevention and management of workplace violence against health care staff: A descriptive exploratory study. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(4), 781–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12761
  23. Morse, J. M. (2015). Critical Analysis of Strategies for Determining Rigor in Qualitative Inquiry. Qualitative Health Research, 25(9), 1212–1222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315588501
  24. Pich, J. V., Kable, A., & Hazelton, M. (2017). Antecedents and precipitants of patient-related violence in the emergency department: Results from the Australian VENT Study (Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage). Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 20(3), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2017.05.005
  25. Ramacciati, N., Ceccagnoli, A., & Addey, B. (2015). Violence against nurses in the triage area: An Italian qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing, 23(4), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2015.02.004
  26. Ramacciati, N., & Giusti, G. D. (2020). Workplace violence in emergency departments: The health professionals and security personnel alliance. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 32(6), 1074-1076. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13608
  27. Rayan, A., Sisan, M., and Baker, O. (2019). Stress, Workplace Violence, and Burnout in Nurses Working in King Abdullah Medical City During Al-Hajj Season. The journal of nursing research: JNR, 27(3), e26. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000291
  28. Renker, P., Scribner, S. A., & Huff, P. (2015). Staff perspectives of violence in the emergency department: Appeals for consequences, collaboration, and consistency. Work, 51(1), 5–18. https://doi: 10.3233/wor-141893
  29. Smith, J., Flowers, P. and Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Los Angeles: SAGE
  30. Stene, J., Larson, E., Levy, M., & Dohlman, M. (2015). Workplace violence in the emergency department: giving staff the tools and support to report. The Permanente journal, 19(2), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/14-187
  31. Streubert, H. J., and Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  32. Tiruneh, B. T., Bifftu, B. B., Tumebo, A. A., Kelkay, M. M., Anlay, D. Z., & Dachew, B. A. (2016). Prevalence of workplace violence in Northwest Ethiopia: A multivariate analysis. BMC Nursing, 15(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0162-6
  33. Vezyridis, P., Samoutis, A., and Mavrikiou, P. M. (2014). Workplace violence against clinicians in Cypriot emergency departments: a national questionnaire survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(9-10), 1210–1222. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12660
  34. Vveinhardt, J., & Sroka, W. (2020). Nepotism and Favouritism in Polish and Lithuanian Organizations: The Context of Organisational Microclimate. Sustainability, 12(4), 1425. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041425
  35. Watkins, J. (2014). Seeking justice: Tribal dispute resolution and societal transformation in Jordan. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 46(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074381300127x
  36. Wolf, L. A., Delao, A. M., & Perhats, C. (2014). Nothing changes, nobody cares: Understanding the experience of emergency nurses physically or verbally assaulted 139 while providing care. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(4), 305–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.11.006
  37. Zahra, A. N., & Feng, J.-Y. (2018). Workplace violence against nurses in Indonesian emergency departments. Enfermería Clínica, 28, 184–190. https://doi: 10.1016/s1130-8621(18)30064-0
  38. Zhang, L., Wang, A., Xie, X., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Yang, L., and Zhang, J., (2017). Workplace violence against nurses: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 72, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-02 20:17:53

No citation recorded.