Analisis Minyak Terpentin Hasil Penyulingan di Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin Sindangwangi

Abstract

Minyak terpentin merupakan salah satu komonitas ekspor yang potensial. Minyak terpentin yang diperoleh dari getah pinus merkusii mengandung α-Pinene yang digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi. Pentingnya peranan minyak terpentin dalam berbagai industri dipengaruhi oleh kualitasnya khususnya komponen kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen kimia minyak terpentin dan kualitasnya di Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin (PGT) Sindangwangi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan analisis deskriptif dan studi literatur pada jurnal terakreditasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12-16 komponen terpentin teridentifikasi. Komponen kimia minyak terpentin terdiri dari α-Pinena, Kamfena, β-Pinena, β-Mirsena, Dihidro-4-karena, δ-Karena, Simol, Limonena, γ-Terpinena, α-Terpinolena, α-Pinena oksida, Thujol dan Verbenol α-Tujen, β-Palandrena, Cinema, dan Humulena. Selain itu, terpentin memiliki bau yang khas, berwarna transparan, dan kandungan α-pinene sebesar 83,28%, massa jenis 0,888 Kg/m3 dan VOC 1,07%.

Turpentine oil is one of the potential export commodities in Indonesia. Turpentine oil obtained from the sap of Pinus merkusii contains α-pinene, which is used for various applications. The important role of turpentine oil in various industries is influenced by its quality, especially the chemical components. This study aims to identify the chemical components of turpentine oil and its quality at the Sindangwangi Gondorukem and Turpentine Factory (PGT), West Java. This research used a laboratory experimental method with descriptive analysis and a literature study in accredited journals. The results showed that 11–14 turpentine components were identified. The chemical components of turpentine oil consist of α-Pinene, Kamfena, β-Pinene, β-Mirsena, Dihydro-4-carene, δ-Carene, Simol, Limonena, γ-Terpinene, α-Terpinolene, α-Pinene oxide, Thujol and Verbenol, α-Tujen, β-Palandrena, Cinema, and Humulena. In addition, turpentine oil has a distinctive odor, transparency, and α-pinene content of 83.28%, a density of 0.888 kg/m3, and a VOC of 1.07%.