DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.21.2.124-132

Pemakaian Masker dan Mencuci Tangan Pakai Sabun pada Masyarakat di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 : Systematic Review

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Received: 29 Sep 2021; Revised: 5 Jan 2022; Accepted: 28 Feb 2022; Published: 1 Apr 2022.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Penyakit yang ditandai dengan pneumonia terjadi di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina pada Desember 2019. Pada tanggal 7 Januari 2020, virus korona baru (SARS-CoV-2) diidentifikasi sebagai agen penyebab klaster penyakit pernapasan (penyakit Coronavirus 2019 atau COVID-19). Pada tanggal 27 April 2020, total kasus terkonfirmasi oleh laboratorium di Cina sebanyak 84.341 kasus, termasuk 4.643 kematian. Menurut WHO, hampir 3.000.000 kasus telah terkonfirmasi serta lebih dari 200.000 angka kesakitan bahkan kematian  telah dihitung di dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran pemakaian masker dan mencuci tangan dengan sabun di masa pandemi COVID-19.

Metode: Pencarian data mengacu pada sumber data base seperti Elsevier Scopus, Springer Link, Cambridge Core, Google Scholar, dan Portal Garuda disesuaikan dengan judul penelitian, abstrak dan kata kunci yang telah ditentukan.Literatur artikel yang dicari dalam rentang waktu 3 tahun semenjak ditemukannya penyakit COVID-19 yakni dari tahun 2019-2021. Berdasarkan penelusuran artikel yang telah dilakukan, yang berhasil ditemukan adalah sebanyak 36 artikel, yaitu 10 artikel dari Elsevier Scopus, 8 artikel dari Springer Link, 6 artikel dari Portal Garuda, 6 artikel dari Cambridge Core dan 6 artikel dari Google Scholar.

Hasil: Skrinning pencarian literatur terhadap 36 artikel yang ditemukan, didapatkan artikel sebanyak 10 artikel internasional. Analisis 10 artikel tersebut menyatakan adanya hubungan antara faktor demografi dengan pengetahuan pemakaian masker dan cuci tangan pakai sabun (ctps), adanya hubungan antara kepatuhan dengan praktik penggunaan masker dan ctps, dan keterkaitan antara kemampuan masyarakat dengan penyediaan fasilitas protokol kesehatan.

Simpulan: Pengetahuan pemakaian masker dan ctps  pada masyarakat dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor demografi. Kepatuhan pemakaian masker dan mencuci tangan dengan sabun pada masyarakat dapat dipengaruhi oleh praktik yang mereka lakukan. Kemampuan masyarakat dalam penyediaan fasilitas masker dan ctps merupakan tanggung jawab utama negara serta keterlibatan sektor swasta dan masyarakat juga sangat dibutuhkan.

 

Kata kunci: COVID-19; Pencegahan; Protokol Kesehatan

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Use of Masks and Hand Washing Using Soap on The Community in The Pandemic Covid-19 Period : Systematic Review

Background: A disease characterized by pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. On January 7, 2020, a new Corona virus was identified as the causative agent of the Respiratory Disease Cluster.  As of April 27, 2020, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in China was 84.341 cases, including 4.643 deaths. According to WHO, almost 3 million cases have been confirmed and more than 200,000 deaths and even deaths have been counted worldwide. The purpose of this study was to find out the description of the use of masks and washing hands with soap during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Data search refers to database sources such as Elsevier Scopus, Spinger Link, Cambridge Core, Google Scholar and the Garuda portal.  Adapted to the research title, abstract and keywords that have been determined.  Literature searched within a period of 3 years since the discovery of the covid-19 disease, namely from 2019-2021. Based on the article searches that have been carried out, what was found was 36 articles, namely 10 articles from the Elsevier Scopus, 8 articles from Springer Link, 6 articles from the Garuda portal, 6 articles from Cambridge Core and 6 articles from Google scholar.

Result: Literature screening of 36 articles found, 10 international articles were found. The analysis of these 10 articles stated that there was a relationship between demographic factors and knowledge of using masks and washing hands with soap, there was a relationship between compliance with the practice of using masks and washing hands with soap and  the relationship between the ability of the community and the provision of health protocol facilities.

Conclusion: Knowledge of using masks and washing hands with soap can be influenced by demographic factors.  Compliance with the use of masks and washing hands with soap in the community can be influenced by their practices. The point is that the community’s ability to provide masks and wash hands with soap is the main responsibility of the state and the involvement of the private sector and the community is needed.

 

Keywords: COVID-19; Prevention; Health Protocol

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Keywords: COVID-19; Pencegahan; Protokol Kesehatan

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