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Menakar Kesiapan Indonesia dalam Merespons Perjanjian Perdagangan Internasional

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

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Abstract

Stagnasi dalam perundingan perdagangan multilateral di World Trade Organization (WTO) pada dua dekade terakhir, mendorong munculnya inisiatif perundingan di tingkat regional atau bilateral. Indonesia termasuk negara yang aktif terlibat dalam berbagai inisiatif perundingan perdagangan tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan kesiapan Indonesia merespons perjanjian perdagangan internasional khususnys Indonesia - Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) dan Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Dengan memanfaatkan perspektif ‘ofensif’ dan ‘defensif’ dalam kebijakan perdagangan, kesiapan Indonesia akan dicermati dari dua sisi kepentingan. Kepentingan ofensif dilihat dari kesiapan untuk memanfaatkan peluang atas kemudahan akses pasar yang tersedia. Kepentingan defensif dianalisis dari kesiapan atas daya saing akibat dari konsekuensi perjanjian yang bersifat timbal balik. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa pemerintah Indonesia masih kesulitan dalam menangkap peluang kepentingan ofensif karena akses pasar yang tersedia belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Besarnya potensi pasar domestik, menjadi salah satu penyebab ekspansi pasar global belum menjadi prioritas pelaku bisnis nasional. Sedangkan dari aspek kepentingan defensif, kemudahan masuknya produk asing perlu dipastikan tidak mematikan produsen dalam negeri akibat tidak memiliki daya saing, namun justru dapat dimaksimalkan agar menjadi pelengkap bagi rantai produksi domestik.

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Keywords: Perjanjian Perdagangan Regional; Indonesia; IA-CEPA; RCEP; kepentingan ofensif dan defensif

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