DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v22i2.670-687

Life Cycle Assessment and Material Flow Analysis Research on Electronic Waste in Asia: Trends, Gaps, and Insights

*Iva Yenis Septiariva  -  National Central University, Taiwan
Sapta Suhardono  -  Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

The term "electronic waste" or "e-waste" refers to a broad array of discarded electronic products and electrical appliances that have reached the end of their useful lives. These include computers, smartphones, televisions, and refrigerators. Over the past three years, the volume of e-waste has surged, from 24.9 million metric tons (MMT) in 2019 to 33 MMT in 2022, as reported by the United Nations in The Global E-Waste Monitor 2024. This increase is driven by the expansion of the electronics industry and the increased usage of electronic devices. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA) are key methodologies used to assess the environmental impact and material flow of e-waste management, respectively. However, many MFAs fail to track the flow of secondary materials that are reused, recycled, and reduced in the new products. This study addresses these gaps by analyzing e-waste management trends in Asia using a systematic literature network analysis (SLNA). SLNA combines a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis (BA) to offer a comprehensive review from various perspectives. This study aims to identify underexplored topics and trends, provide insights that can shape future research directions, and inform government policies on e-waste management in Asia. 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: LCA; recycling; SLNA; e-waste management; waste management trends

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Review Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
The Potential of Spent Bleaching Earth In Charcoal Briquettes as Energy Source CuO-CeO₂ Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Remazol Textile Dyes Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on Biochar Properties from Sugarcane Bagasse and Banana Peel Evaluating Household Solid Waste Sampling: Is an Eight-Day Consecutive Method Necessary? A Preliminary Study Effectiveness of Hybrid Solar Power Plant Integration in Wastewater Treatment: A Sustainable Approach to Water Crisis Analysis of Cikakembang River Water Quality Using the Pollution Index, STORET, and CCME-WQI Methods Life Cycle Assessment and Material Flow Analysis Research on Electronic Waste in Asia: Trends, Gaps, and Insights Corporate Responsibility for Water Disclosure in Improving Environmental Transparency: A Case Study of ASEAN Countries Trends and Patterns of Sediment Contamination in Indonesia (1999-2024): A Scientometric Analysis More recent articles
Most cited articles
DAMPAK PENURUNAN TANAH DAN KENAIKAN MUKA LAUT TERHADAP LUASAN GENANGAN ROB DI SEMARANG PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH B3 DI PT. TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING INDONESIA STUDI PEMBUATAN KOMPOS PADAT DARI SAMPAH DAUN KERING TPST UNDIP DENGAN VARIASI BAHAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL) DAUN Inventarisasi dan Sebaran Emisi Aktivitas Pelabuhan dengan Aermod View EVALUASI KINERJA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM (IPAM) KARANGPILANG I PDAM SURYA SEMBADA KOTA SURABAYA SECARA KUANTITATIF More cited articles
  1. Abayomi-Alli, A., Abayomi-Alli, O., Misra, S., & Fernandez-Sanz, L. 2022. Study of the Yahoo-Yahoo Hash-Tag Tweets Using Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining Algorithms. Information, 13(3), 152
  2. Allahyari, M., Pouriyeh, S., Kochut, K., & Reza, H. 2017. A knowledge-based topic modeling approach for automatic topic labeling. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 8(9)
  3. Amine, K., Jamila, S., Khadija, M., & Hicham, E. H. 2019. Estimated growth of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis from a polluted natural environment in Atlantic Coast of Morocco. 6
  4. Ankit, Saha, L., Kumar, V., Tiwari, J., Sweta, Rawat, S., Singh, J., & Bauddh, K. 2021. Electronic waste and their leachates impact on human health and environment: Global ecological threat and management. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 102049
  5. Arain, A. L., Neitzel, R. L., Nambunmee, K., Hischier, R., Jindaphong, S., Austin-Breneman, J., & Jolliet, O. 2022. Material flow, economic and environmental life cycle performances of informal electronic waste recycling in a Thai community. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 180, 106129
  6. Arrigo, E. 2018. Social media marketing in luxury brands: A systematic literature review and implications for management research. Management Research Review, 41(6), 657–679
  7. Arushanyan, Y., Ekener-Petersen, E., & Finnveden, G. 2014. Lessons learned – Review of LCAs for ICT products and services. Computers in Industry, 65(2), 211–234
  8. Bhat, M. R., Kundroo, M. A., Tarray, T. A., & Agarwal, B. 2020. Deep LDA: A new way to topic model. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 41(3), 823–834
  9. Brunner, P. H., & Rechberger, H. 2020. Handbook of material flow analysis: For environmental, resource, and waste engineers (2nd ed). CRC
  10. Colicchia, C., Creazza, A., Noè, C., & Strozzi, F. 2019. Information sharing in supply chains: A review of risks and opportunities using the systematic literature network analysis (SLNA). Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 24(1), 5–21
  11. Feicheng, M., & Yating, L. 2014. Utilising social network analysis to study the characteristics and functions of the co-occurrence network of online tags. Online Information Review, 38(2), 232–247
  12. Gollakota, A. R. K., Gautam, S., & Shu, C.-M. 2020. Inconsistencies of e-waste management in developing nations – Facts and plausible solutions. Journal of Environmental Management, 261, 110234
  13. Hong, J., Shi, W., Wang, Y., Chen, W., & Li, X. 2015. Life cycle assessment of electronic waste treatment. Waste Management, 38, 357–365
  14. Ibrahim Mohammed, S. 2023. E-waste management in different countries: Strategies, impacts, and determinants. In A. Sabban (Ed.), Advances in Green Electronics Technologies in 2023. IntechOpen
  15. Ikhlas, N., & Ramadan, B. S. 2024. Community-based watershed management (CBWM) for climate change adaptation and mitigation: Research trends, gaps, and factors assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140031
  16. Ikhlayel, M. 2018. An integrated approach to establish e-waste management systems for developing countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 170, 119–130
  17. Ilyas, S., Srivastava, R. R., & Kim, H. 2021. O2-enriched microbial activity with pH-sensitive solvo-chemical and electro-chlorination strategy to reclaim critical metals from the hazardous waste printed circuit boards. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416, 125769
  18. Islam, M. T., & Huda, N. 2019. Material flow analysis (MFA) as a strategic tool in e-waste management: Applications, trends and future directions. Journal of Environmental Management, 244, 344–361
  19. Islam, , Khatun, Mst. S., & Mourshed, M. 2024. An in-depth analysis and review of management strategies for e-waste in the south Asian region: A way forward towards waste to energy conversion and sustainability. Heliyon, 10(7), e28707
  20. Ismail, H., & Hanafiah, M. M. 2019. An overview of LCA application in WEEE management: Current practices, progress and challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 79–93
  21. Khatiwada, B., Jariyaboon, R., & Techato, K. 2023. E-waste management in Nepal: A case study overcoming challenges and opportunities. E-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 4, 100155
  22. Kholidah, H., Hijriah, H. Y., Mawardi, I., Huda, N., Herianingrum, S., & Alkausar, B. 2022. A bibliometric mapping of peer-to-peer lending research based on economic and business perspective. Heliyon, 8(11), e11512
  23. Kiddee, P., Naidu, R., & Wong, M. H. 2013. Electronic waste management approaches: An overview. Waste Management, 33(5), 1237–1250
  24. Li, C., Liu, Z., & Shi, R. 2021. A bibliometric analysis of 14,822 researches on myocardial reperfusion injury by machine learning. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8231
  25. Li, Z., Diaz, L. A., Yang, Z., Jin, H., Lister, T. E., Vahidi, E., & Zhao, F. 2019. Comparative life cycle analysis for value recovery of precious metals and rare earth elements from electronic waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 149, 20–30
  26. Mayring, P. 2015. Qualitative content analysis: Theoretical background and procedures. In A. Bikner-Ahsbahs, C. Knipping, & N. Presmeg (Eds.), Approaches to qualitative research in mathematics education (pp. 365–380). Springer Netherlands
  27. Mir, M. A., & Chang, S. K. 2024. Saudi Arabia e-waste management strategies, challenges and opportunities, effect on health and environment: A strategic review. Emerging Contaminants, 10(4), 100357
  28. Mohr, J. W., & Bogdanov, P. 2013. Introduction—Topic models: What they are and why they matter. Poetics, 41(6), 545–569
  29. Nuwematsiko, R., Oporia, F., Nabirye, J., Halage, A. A., Musoke, D., & Buregyeya, E. 2021. Knowledge, perceptions, and practices of electronic waste management among consumers in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021, 1–11
  30. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 89
  31. Ramadan, B. S., Rachman, I., Ikhlas, N., Kurniawan, S. B., Miftahadi, M. F., & Matsumoto, T. 2022. A comprehensive review of domestic-open waste burning: Recent trends, methodology comparison, and factors assessment. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 24(5), 1633–1647
  32. Sawassi, A., & Khadra, R. 2021. Bibliometric network analysis of “water systems’ adaptation to climate change uncertainties”: Concepts, approaches, gaps, and opportunities. Sustainability, 13(12), 6738
  33. Shaikh, S. 2021. A critical analysis of e-waste management and recycling in Pakistan: A life cycle assessment
  34. Sheikh, A. M., Correa, P. S., Leal Da Silva, E., Savaris, I. D., Amico, S. C., & Malfatti, C. F. 2013. Energy conversion using Pd-based catalysts in direct ethanol fuel cell. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, 242–345
  35. Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. 2010. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538
  36. Vidyadhar, A. 2016. A review of technology of metal recovery from electronic waste. In F.-C. Mihai (Ed.), E-waste in transition—From pollution to resource. InTech
  37. Visentin, C., Trentin, A. W. D. S., Braun, A. B., & Thomé, A. 2020. Life cycle sustainability assessment: A systematic literature review through the application perspective, indicators, and methodologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 270, 122509
  38. Waltman, L., Van Eck, N. J., & Noyons, E. C. M. 2010. A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4), 629–635
  39. Wibowo, Y. G., Ramadan, B. S., Taher, T., & Khairurrijal, K. 2024. Advancements of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in environmental and human protection for combatting the COVID-19 during and post-pandemic era: A comprehensive scientific review. Biomedical Materials & Devices, 2(1), 34–57
  40. Withanage, S. V., & Habib, K. 2021. Life cycle assessment and material flow analysis: Two under-utilized tools for informing e-waste management. Sustainability, 13(14), 7939
  41. Xue, M., & Xu, Z. 2017. Application of life cycle assessment on electronic waste management: A review. Environmental Management, 59(4), 693–707
  42. Yao, J., Guo, X., Wang, L., & Jiang, H. 2022. Understanding green consumption: A literature review based on factor analysis and bibliometric method. Sustainability, 14(14), 8324
  43. Yao, L., Zhang, Y., Wei, B., Li, L., Wu, F., Zhang, P., & Bian, Y. 2016. Concept over time: The combination of probabilistic topic model with wikipedia knowledge. Expert Systems with Applications, 60, 27–38

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-12-13 05:25:36

No citation recorded.