DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.16.4.161-171

OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PULP FORMACELL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN METODE PERMUKAAN RESPON

*Sri Hidayati  -  UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG, Indonesia
Ahmad Sapta Zuidar  -  University of lampung, Indonesia
Ahmad Fahreza  -  University of lampung, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2017 REAKTOR

Citation Format:
Abstract

ABSTRACT

Empty oil-palm bunches (EOPB) contains more enough cellulose so that it can be made as an alternative pulp production.  One of the process of pulp production which friendly environment is by using acetate acid and formic acid called by formacell process.  The aims of the research is to got optimation models of formic acid concentration, HCl concentration and cooking duration for the EFB pulp production.  The optimum result of the EOPB pulp production were 75% of cellulose, 8% of hemiselulosa, 10% of  lignin, and 80% of yield with the optimum concentration 20% of formic acid, 0,5% of HCl, and 2 hour of cooking duration.

 

Keyword : pulp formacell, EFB, RSM.

 

ABSTRAK

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mengandung kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku alternatif produksi pulp.  Salah satu proses produksi pulp ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan campuran pelarut asam asetat dan asam formiat sebagai bahan pemasak yang disebut proses formacell.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan model optimasi dari konsentrasi asam formiat, konsentrasi HCl dan lama pemasakan untuk produksi pulp TKKS.  Konsentrasi pemasakan optimum terjadi pada konsentrasi asam formiat 20%, konsentrasi HCl 0,5%, dan lama pemasakan selama 2 jam dengan hasil optimum untuk produksi pulp TKKS yaitu 75 % selulosa, 8 % hemiselulosa, 10% lignin, dan 80% rendemen.

 

Kata kunci: pulp formacell, TKKS, RSM.

 

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: pulp formacell, EFB, RSM
Funding: University of lampung

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : ID
Recent articles
Bagian Depan Reaktor Vol 16 No 4 2016 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YARN DYED WASTEWATER USING FENTON’S REAGENT AND OZONATION : REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Peningkatan Produksi Gula Pereduksi dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Praperlakuan Asam Organik pada Reaktor Bertekanan Fabrikasi Kernel TRISO-UN dan Karakternya, Sebuah Kajian Bagian Belakang Reaktor Vol 16 No 4 2016 More recent articles
Most cited articles
REAKSI KATALITIS ESTERIFIKASI ASAM OLEAT DAN METANOL MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN METODE DISTILASI REAKTIF APPLICATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION FOR HERBAL MEDICINE WASTE AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION THE EFFECT OF TYPE ZEOLITE ON THE GAS TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF POLYIMIDE-BASED MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES The Design of ACE (Aluminum Corrosion and Electrolysis) Reactor and Its Performance to Produce Hydrogen from Beverage Cans Karakterisasi Pengemas Kertas Aktif dengan Penambahan Oleoresin dari Ampas Pengepresan Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) More cited articles
  1. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
  2. Anindyawati, T., (2009), Prospek enzim dan limbah lignoselulosa untuk produk bioetanol, Jurnal LIPI, 44(1), pp. 49-56
  3. Anonim, (2013), Mengenal Pabrik Kertas, Diakses pada 23 Januari 2013, http://www.anneahira.com/pabrik-kertas.htm
  4. Arifin, (2008), Industri Pulp dan Kertas: Ancaman Baru Terhadap Hutan Alam Indonesia. Diakses pada tanggal 11 Oktober 2009, wordpress.com/2008/01/19/industri-pulp-dan-kertas-ancaman-baru-terhadap-hutan-alam-indonesia
  5. Aziz, S. and Sarkanen, K., (1989), Organosolv pulping. A review. Tappi Journal, 72(3), pp. 169–175
  6. Bas, D. and Boyaci, I.H., (2007), Modelling and optimization I: Usability of Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Food Engineering, 78 (3), pp. 836–845
  7. Box, G.E.P and Diaper, N.R., (1987), Empirical Model Building and Respon Surfaces, John Willy and Son, New York, pp. 1-688
  8. Clark J. A., (1985), Pulp Technology and Treatment for Paper, 2nd Ed., Miller Freeman Publications Inc., San Francisco, California, pp. 1-751
  9. Darnoko, Guritno, P., Sugiharto, A dan Sugesty, S., (1995), Pembuatan Pulp Dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Dengan Penambahan Surfaktan. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. 3(1), pp. 75-87
  10. Datta, R., (1981). Acidogenic Fermentation Of Linocellulose Acid Yield Convertion of Components. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 23 (9), pp 2167-2170
  11. Davis, J.L.; Young, R.A.; Deodhar, S.S, (1986), Organic Acid Pulping of Wood. III. Acetic Acid Pulping of Spruce, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 32 (11), pp. 905-914
  12. Dominggus, Y dan Laszio, P., (2004), Anionic Effect in High Concentration Alcohol Organosolv Pulping. Holzforschung, 58 (1), pp. 1-6
  13. Fengel, D. dan G. Wegener. 1995. Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi. Diterjemahkan oleh Hardjonosastro Hamidjojo. Universitas Gajah Mada Press. Yogyakarta. Pp. 1-729
  14. Fatriasari, W., Sita, H. A., Faizul, F., Triyono, N.A dan Euis, N.A., (2010), Biopulping Bambu Betung Menggunakan Kultur Campur Jamur Pelapuk Putih (Trametes Versicolor, Pleurotus Ostreatus dan Phanerochaete Crysosporium). UPT BPP Biomaterial LIPI Bogor. 45(2): 44 – 56
  15. Gierer, J., (1980), Chemical Aspects of Kraft Pulping. Wood Science Technology, 14, pp. 241-266
  16. Goncalves, A. R., Denise, D., Moriya, R and Oliveria, L. R. M., (2005), Pulping of Sugarcane Bagasse and Straw and Biobleaching of The Pulps: Conditions Parameters and Recycling of Enzymes. Appita Conference, Auckland, 16-19 May
  17. Hergert, H.L., (1998), Developments in organosolv pulping. An overview. In: Environmental Friendly Technologies for the Pulp and Paper Industry. Eds. R.A. Young, M. Akhtar. Wiley, New York. pp. 5–67
  18. Ibrahim, M., Sarwar, M.J dan Ali, H., (2004), Effect of inorganic acid catalyst on the Acetosolv pulping of maize stalk. Journal Cellulose Chemistry dan Technology, 38 (2), pp. 87-94
  19. Jahan, M., Sarwar; Lee, Z.Z and Jin, Y., (2006), Organic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw, Part-I: Cooking, Turkish Journal of Agricultural Forestry, 30(3), pp. 231-239
  20. Jiménez, L., Pérez, A., De La Torre, M.J., Moral, A. and Serrano, L., (2007), Characterization of Vine Shoots, Cotton Stalks, Leucaenaleucocephala and Chamaecytisus proliferus, and of Their Ethylenglicol Pulps. Bioresource Technology, 98 (8), pp. 3487–3490
  21. Lavarack, B.P., Rainey, T.J., Falzon, K.L. and Bullock, G.E., (2005), A Preliminary Assessment of Aqueous Ethanol Pulping of Bagasse: The Ecopulp Process. International Sugar Journal, 107, pp. 611-615
  22. Law, K.N., Daud W. R. W, Ghazali A., (2007), Morphological and Chemical
  23. Nature of Fiber Strands of Oil Palm Empty-Fruit-Bunch (OPEFB), Bioresource Technology, 2(3), pp. 351-362
  24. Ljunggren, S., (1980), The Significance of Aryl Ether Cleavage in Kraft Delignification of Softwood. Sven Papperstidn, 83(13): 363-369
  25. Ligero, P.; Villaverde, J.J.; Vega, A.; Bao, M., (2007), Acetosolv delignification of depithed cardoon (Cynara cardunculus ) stalks. Industrial Crops and Products, 27, pp. 294-300
  26. Ligero, P.; Vega, A.; Bao, M., (2005), Acetosolv delignification of Miscanthus sinensis bark – Influence of process variables. Industrial Crops and Products, 21, pp. 235-240
  27. Linder,M.,.Kochanowsk, Ni and Parmentier, (2005), Response Surface Optimisation of Lipase-Catalysed Esterification of Glycerol and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Salmon Oil. Process Biochemistry, 40, pp 273-279
  28. López, F., Alfaro, A., Jiménez, L. and Rodríguez, A., (2006), Alcohols as Organic Solvents for The Obtainment of Cellulose Pulp. Afinidad, 63(523), pp. 174–182
  29. Montgomery, D.C., (2001), Design and Analysis of Experimental. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, pp. 1-500
  30. Muurinen, E. 2000. Organosolv Pulping (A review and distillation study related to peroxyacid pulping). Fakultas Teknologi Universitas Oulu. Linnanmaa. Pp. 1-314
  31. Nimz, H.H. and Schoen, M., (1993), Non Waste Pulping and Bleaching with Acetic Acid. ISWPC Proceeding, Beijing, pp.258 – 265
  32. Nogales, J.M.R., Roura, E. and. Contreas, E., (2005), Biosynthesis of Ethyl Butyrate Using Immobilized Lipase: A Statistic Approach. Process Biochemistry, 40, pp. 63-68
  33. Pan, X. and Sano, Y., (2005), Fractionation of Wheat Straw by Atmospheric Acetic Acid Process. Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 1256-1263
  34. Pan, XJ.; Sano, Y., (1999), Acetic Acid Pulping Of Wheat Straw Under Atmospheric Pressure. Journal Wood Science, 45, pp. 319-325
  35. Paorjoozi, M, Rovsshandeh, J,M and Ardeh, S.N., (2004), Bleachibility of Rice Straw Organosolv Pulp. Iranian Polymer Journal. 13(4): 275-280
  36. Parajo, J.C., Alonso, J.L., Vazquez, D and Santos, V., (1993), Optimization of Catalyzed Acetosolv Fractionation Of Pine. Holzforschung, 4, pp. 188 - 196
  37. Parajó, J.C.; Alonso, J.L.; Santos, V., (1995), Kinetics of Catalyzed Organosolv Processing of Pine Wood, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 34, pp. 4333-4342
  38. Radojkovic, M., Zekovic, Z., Jokic, S., and Vidovic, S., (2012), Determination of Optimal Extraction Parameters of Mulberry Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Romanian Biotechnological Letters. 17(3), pp. 7295–7308
  39. Raissi, S., and Farzani, R.E., (2009), Statistical Process Optimization Through Multi-Response Surface Methodology. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 51, pp. 267–271
  40. Rao, R.B.,. Manohar,K., Sambiah and Lokesh, B.R., (2002. Enzymatic Acidolysis In Hexane To Produce N-3 Or N-6 FA-Enriched Structured Lipids from Coconut Oil: Optimization of Reactions by Response Surface Methodology, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 70 (9), pp. 885 - 890
  41. Rodríguez, A. and Jiménez, L., (2008), Pulping with Organic Solvents Others than Alcohols. Afinidad, 65(535), pp. 188–196
  42. Sahin, H.T. and Young, R.A. (2008). Auto-Catalyzed Acetic Acid Pulping Of Jute, Industrial Crops and Products., 28(1):24-28
  43. Shatalov, A.A. and Pereira, H., (2004), Arundo donax L. Reed: New Perspectives For Pulping And Bleaching. Part 3. Ethanol Reinforced Alkaline Pulping. Tappi Jounal, 3(2): 27–31
  44. Sidiras, D. and Koukios, E., (2004), Simulation of Acid-Catalysed Organosolv Fractionation of Wheat Straw. Bioresource technology, 94(1), pp. 91-98.
  45. Simkhovich, B.S., Zilbergleit, M.A and V.M Reznikov, V.M., (1987). Papermaking Properties of Acetic Acid Pulp from Hardwoods. Bum Prom 7:25-26
  46. Susanto, H. Rusmanto dan Sudrajat, A., (1999), Production of Lignosulfonat From Lignin in Black Liquor of Ethanosolv-Pulping. Prosiding. Seminar Nasional Fundamental dan Aplikasi Teknologi Kimia (2), pp. 1–6
  47. Tu, Q.; Fu, S.; Zhan, H.; Chai, X.; Lucia, L.A. 2008. Kinetic Modeling Of Formic Acid Pulping of Bagasse, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56 (9), pp. 3097–3101
  48. Vila, C., Santos, V and Parajo, J.C., (2000). Optimization Of Beech Wood Pulping Incatalyzed Acetic Acid Media. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 78, pp. 964-973.
  49. Wanrosli, W.D., Zainuddin, Z., Law, K.N and Asro, R., (2007), Pulp from Oil Palm Fronds by Chemical Process. Industrial Crop and Producs, 25, pp. 89-94
  50. Wardoyo, A., (2001), Pengaruh Penggunaan Bahan Kimia dalam Pelunakan Serpih Terhadap Sifat Pulp Kimia Acacia mangium Willd. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
  51. Yanto, F., (2011), Kajian Penggunaan Asam Klorida dan Asam Perasetat Pada Proses Produksi Pulp Acetosolv dari Ampas Tebu dan Bambu Betung. Tesis. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung. 96 hlm
  52. Yawalata, D. and Paszner, L., (2004), Anionic Effect In High Concentration Alcohol Organosolv Pulping. Holzforschung, 58(1), pp. 1–6
  53. Zuidar, A.S., (2007), Pengaruh Konsentrasi Larutan Pemasak Dan Nisbahnya Dengan Bobot Bagase Terhadap Rendemen Dan Sifat Fisik Pulp Bagase (Acetosolve). Agritek Institut Pertanian Malang. 15 (3), pp. 652-657
  54. Zhuang, J., L. Lin., J Liu., X. Lou., C. Pang., and P. Ouyang. 2009. Preparation of Xylose And Kraft Pulp From Poplar Based On Formic/Acetic Acid/Water system hydrolysis. Bioresources. 4(3): 1147 – 1157
  55. Zulfansyah, M.I. Fermi., S.Z. Amraini., H. Rionaldi., dan M.S. Utami. 2011. Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield Dan Kadar Lignin Pulp Dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Dengan Proses Asam Formiat. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan. 9(1): 12 – 19

Last update:

  1. Characterization of lignin isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch using phosphoric acid

    Sri Hidayati, Sutopo Hadi, Saputra, Apri Heri Iswanto, Widya Fatriasari, Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat, Petar Antov, Lee Seng Hua. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14 (18), 2024. doi: 10.1007/s13399-023-04381-9

  2. Lignin isolation from black liquor from oil palm empty fruit bunch using acid

    Sri Hidayati, Wisnu Satyajaya, Ahmad Fudholi. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9 (5), 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.08.023

Last update: 2024-11-04 16:46:01

  1. Lignin isolation from black liquor from oil palm empty fruit bunch using acid

    Sri Hidayati, Wisnu Satyajaya, Ahmad Fudholi. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9 (5), 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.08.023