KOMUNITAS MIKROALGA PERIFITON PADA SUBSTRAT BERBEDA DAN PERANNYA SEBAGAI BIONDIKATOR PERAIRAN (Microalga Peryphyton Community on Different Substrates and Its Role as Aquatic Environmental Bioindicator)

Mikroalga merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun perifiton yang hidupnya melekat pada substrat, baik substrat alami maupun substrat buatan. Perifiton memiliki peran salah satunya sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komunitas mikroalga perifiton pada substrat berbeda yaitu substrat alami (batu) dan substrat buatan (kaca objek glass) serta untuk menganalisis status mutu perairan berdasarkan pendekatan perifiton. Lokasi penelitian yaitu perairan Ranu Pakis Lumajang dengan 3 stasiun pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Metode penelitian adalah survei dan dilakukan pada musim barat tahun 2019 dengan waktu pengambilan sampel setiap dua minggu sekali selama enam minggu. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi identifikasi mikroalga perifiton, penghitungan kelimpahan, indeks biologi, dan pengukuran kualitas air. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan one way ANOVA dan regresi linear berganda menggunakan Ms. Excel dan SPSS 23.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga perifiton yang ditemukan berasal dari empat divisi yaitu Chrysophyta (47%), Chlorophyta (27%), Cyanophyta (26%), dan Pyrrophyta (0,2%). Secara keseluruhan kelimpahan yang diperoleh berkisar antara 5.567-34.841 sel/cm2 (substrat alami) dan 14.367-42.563 sel/cm2 (substrat buatan). Indeks keanekaragaman di perairan Ranu Pakis tergolong tinggi sehingga perairan tergolong bersih (stabil), kecuali pada stasiun 3 tergolong tercemar ringan (kurang stabil). Akan tetapi, tidak ada dominansi pada seluruh stasiun tersebut. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air menunjukkan bahwa secara umum nilai kualitas air masih berada di bawah ambang baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah PP No.82 Tahun 2001 untuk kegiatan perikanan kelas III. Komponen kualitas air seperti karbondioksida, kecerahan, nitrat, orthofosfat, dan suhu secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan mikroalga sebesar 39,7%.
Periphyton microalgae live by attaching to the substrate, both natural and artificial substrate. Perifiton plays role as an aquatic environment bioindicator. This study aimed to analyze periphyton microalgae community in different substrate, natural substrate (stone) and artificial substrate (objeck glass). Furthermore, the microalgae periphyton are used to analyze the environmental status quality. Survey method was used and sampling location is in three site of the Ranu Pakis environment by purposive sampling. Research was carried out in 2019 every two week during six weeks on west season. Identification of periphyton microalgae, density counting, biological indexes, and water quality measurements was taken during the research. All data was analyzed statistically by using one way ANOVA and multiple linear regression by using Ms. Excel and SPSS 23.0. The results depict periphyton microalgae consists of Chrysophyta (47%), Chlorophyta (27%), Cyanophyta (26%), and Pyrrophyta (0,2%). The density of microalgae periphyton was ranging from 5.567 to 34.841 sel.cm-2 (natural substrate) and 14.367 to 42.563 sel.cm-2 (artificial substrate). Biological index indicates that Ranu Pakis environment was belonging to stable (unpolluted) in site 1 and 2, while 3 was belonging to less stable (less polluted). However, there was no domination in all sites. Water quality values provide information that in general it still under of quality standards determined by PP No. 82 year 2001 for fisheries activites class III. Water quality components including carbondioxide, transparency, nitrate, orthophosphate, and temperature simultantly influence the microalgae density of 39,7%.
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Last update: 2021-03-07 00:23:26
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