KOMUNITAS MIKROALGA PERIFITON PADA SUBSTRAT BERBEDA DAN PERANNYA SEBAGAI BIONDIKATOR PERAIRAN (Microalga Peryphyton Community on Different Substrates and Its Role as Aquatic Environmental Bioindicator)

Sulastri Arsad orcid scopus  -  Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Nur ALiya Zsalzsabil  -  Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Fiddy Semba Prasetiya  -  Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Ikha Safitri  -  Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia
Dhira Kurniawan Saputra  -  Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
*Muhammad Musa  -  Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Received: 9 Jul 2019; Published: 28 Aug 2019.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Abstract

Mikroalga merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun perifiton yang hidupnya melekat pada substrat, baik substrat alami maupun substrat buatan. Perifiton memiliki peran salah satunya sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komunitas mikroalga perifiton pada substrat berbeda yaitu substrat alami (batu) dan substrat buatan (kaca objek glass) serta untuk menganalisis status mutu perairan berdasarkan pendekatan perifiton. Lokasi penelitian yaitu perairan Ranu Pakis Lumajang dengan 3 stasiun pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Metode penelitian adalah survei dan dilakukan pada musim barat tahun 2019 dengan waktu pengambilan sampel setiap dua minggu sekali selama enam minggu. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi identifikasi mikroalga perifiton, penghitungan kelimpahan, indeks biologi, dan pengukuran kualitas air. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan one way ANOVA dan regresi linear berganda menggunakan Ms. Excel dan SPSS 23.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga perifiton yang ditemukan berasal dari empat divisi yaitu Chrysophyta (47%), Chlorophyta (27%), Cyanophyta (26%), dan Pyrrophyta (0,2%). Secara keseluruhan kelimpahan yang diperoleh berkisar antara 5.567-34.841 sel/cm2 (substrat alami) dan 14.367-42.563 sel/cm2 (substrat buatan). Indeks keanekaragaman di perairan Ranu Pakis tergolong tinggi sehingga perairan tergolong bersih (stabil), kecuali pada stasiun 3 tergolong tercemar ringan (kurang stabil). Akan tetapi, tidak ada dominansi pada seluruh stasiun tersebut. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air menunjukkan bahwa secara umum nilai kualitas air masih berada di bawah ambang baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah PP No.82 Tahun 2001 untuk kegiatan perikanan kelas III. Komponen kualitas air seperti karbondioksida, kecerahan, nitrat, orthofosfat, dan suhu secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan mikroalga sebesar 39,7%.

Periphyton microalgae  live by attaching to the substrate, both natural and artificial substrate. Perifiton plays role as an aquatic environment bioindicator. This study aimed to analyze periphyton microalgae community in different substrate, natural substrate (stone) and artificial substrate (objeck glass). Furthermore, the microalgae periphyton are used to analyze the environmental status quality. Survey method was used and sampling location is in three site of the Ranu Pakis environment by purposive sampling. Research was carried out in 2019 every two week during six weeks on west season. Identification of periphyton microalgae, density counting, biological indexes, and water quality measurements was taken during the research. All data was analyzed statistically by using one way ANOVA and multiple linear regression by using Ms. Excel and SPSS 23.0. The results depict periphyton microalgae consists of Chrysophyta (47%), Chlorophyta (27%), Cyanophyta (26%), and Pyrrophyta (0,2%). The density of microalgae periphyton was ranging from 5.567 to 34.841 sel.cm-2 (natural substrate) and 14.367 to 42.563 sel.cm-2 (artificial substrate). Biological index indicates that Ranu Pakis environment was belonging to stable (unpolluted) in site 1 and 2, while 3 was belonging to less stable (less polluted). However, there was no domination in all sites. Water quality values provide information that in general it still under of quality standards determined by PP No. 82 year 2001 for fisheries activites class III. Water quality components  including carbondioxide, transparency, nitrate, orthophosphate, and temperature simultantly influence the microalgae density of 39,7%.

 

Keywords: Bioindikator; mikroalga; perifiton; substrat
Funding: Universitas Brawijaya

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language: IN
In Vol 15, No 1 (2019): SAINTEK PERIKANAN
Statistics: 1792 1705
Related articles
NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN CORAL REEF: THE CONTRIBUTION OF CORAL FORMS AND NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA IN KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS The Populations of Macrobenthos Organisms in The Peat Soil in Rawapening Reservoir KUALITAS PERAIRAN SUNGAI BANGER PEKALONGAN BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR BIOLOGIS IDENTIFIKASI DAN KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI PADA JENIS KARANG Acropora sp. DI REEF FLAT TERUMBU KARANG PULAU PANJANG JEPARA Identification and Abundance of Bacteria In Acropora sp. at Coral Reef Flat Panjang Island Jepara KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN PENENTU DISTRIBUSI DAN KEPADATAN FAUNA MAKRO BENTIK SERTA HUBUNGANNYA: STUDI KASUS GASTROPODA DAN KEPITING BRACHYURA DI KAWASAN REBOISASI MANGROVE KEPULAUAN SERIBU
  1. Abadi, Y. P., B. Suharto dan J. B. Rahadi. W. 2014. Analisa Kualitas Perairan Sungai Klinter Nganjuk Berdasarkan Parameter Biologi (plankton). Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. 36-42
  2. Amanta, R., Z. Hasan dan Rosidah. 2012. Struktur Komunitas Plankton di Situ Patengan Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan. 3(3): 193-200
  3. American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. Standard Method for The Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16th Edition, Washington DC., 1202 p
  4. Boyd, C. E. 1979. Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds. Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, USA
  5. Cattaneo, A., T. Kerimian, M. Roberye dan J. Marty. 1997. Periphyton Distribution and Abundance on Subatrata of Different Size along a Gradient of Stream Trophy. Hydrobiologia. 354: 101-110
  6. da Linne, E. Ramarta., A. Suryanto dan M. R. Muskananfola. 2015. Tingkat Kelayakan Kualitas Air untuk Kegiatan Perikanan di Waduk Pluit, Jakarta Utara. Diponegoro Journal of Maquares. 4(1): 34-45
  7. Davis, C. C. 1955. The Marine and Fresh Water Plankton. Associated Professor of Biology Westrn Reserve University: Michigan State University Press
  8. de Souza, M. L dan C. Ferragut. 2012. Influence of Substratum Surface Roughness on Periphytic Algal Community Structure in A Shallow Tropical Reservoir. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 24(4): 397-407
  9. Effendi, H. 2003. Telaah Kualitas Air. Yogyakarta: Kanisius
  10. Endrawati, H dan I. Riniatsih. 2013. Kadar Total Lipid Mikroalga Nannochloropsis oculata yang dikultur dengan suhu yang berbeda. Oseanografi Marina. 1: 25-33
  11. Hao, B., Wu, H., Cao, Y., Xing, W., Jeppesen, E., Li, W. 2017. Comparison of Periphyton Communities on Natural and Artificial Macrophytas with Contrasting Morphological Structures. Freshwater Biology. 62:1783-1793
  12. Harmoko dan Y. Krisnawati. 2018. Mikroalga Divisi Bacillariophyta yang Ditemukan di Danau Aur Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas. 6(1): 30-35
  13. Hidayat, D., R. Elvyra dan Fitmawati. 2015. Keanekaragaman Plankton di Danau Simbad Desa Pulau Birandang Kecamatan Kampar Timur Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Jou FMIPA. 2(1): 115-129
  14. Hutchinson, G.E. 1967. Introduction to Lake Biology and The Limnoplankton. John Wiley and Sons. New York
  15. Krebs, C. J. 1985. Experimental Analysis of Distribution of Abundance Third Edition. Harper & Row Publisher. New York. pp. 186-187
  16. Ludwig, J. A dan James, F. R. 1988. Statistical Ecology A Primer On Methods and Computing. A wiley Intersence Publication. Canada
  17. Masojidek, J., G. Torzillo dan M. Koblizek. 2013. Photosynthesis in Microalgae. International Journal of Earth Science and Engginering. 7(3):1049-1054
  18. Milstein, A., Peretz, Y., Harpaz, S. C2008. Comparison of Periphyton Grown on Different Substrates as Food for Organic Tilapia Culture. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. 60(4): 243-252
  19. Nenadovic, T., T. Sarcevic., H. Cizmek., J. Godrijan., D. Maric. Pfannkuchen., Martin Pfannkuchen dan Z. Ljubesic. 2015. Development of periphytic diatoms on different artificial substrates in the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Acta Bot. Croat. 74(2): 377-392
  20. Nopitasari, E. D., A. H. Simarmata dan C. Sihotang. 2017. Types and Abundance of Periphyton on Ceramics Substrate Placed in the Parit Belanda River, Rumbai Pesisir District, Pekanbaru City, Riau. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa. 4(1): 1-11
  21. Peraturan Pemerintah, Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No. 82 Tahun 2001 yang Mengatur Tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Presiden Republik Indonesia. Lembaran RI Tahun 2001 No. 82. Jakarta : Sekretariat Negara
  22. Prescott, G. W. 1970. How to Know Freshwater Algae. Dubuque. Lowa. WM. C. Brown Company Publishers. Ravera, O. 1979
  23. Samudra, S. R., T. R. Soeprobowati dan M. Izzati. 2013. Komposisi, Kemelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Fitoplankton Danau Rawa Pening Kabupaten Semarang. BIOMA. 15(1): 6-13
  24. Siagian, M. 2018. Pengaruh Budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung terhadap Struktur Komunitas Perifiton pada Substrat yang Berbeda di Sekitar DAM Site Waduk PLTA Koto Panjang Kampar Riau. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia. 3(1): 26-35
  25. Sournia, A. 1978. Phytoplankton Manual. Unesco: International Institute for Education Planning
  26. Wilhm, J.L. & T.C. Dorris. 1968. Biological parameters for water quality criteria. BioScience. 18(6): 477-481

Last update: 2021-03-07 00:23:26

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-03-07 00:23:26

No citation recorded.
Copyright (c) 2019 SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Saintek Perikanan journal ,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro as the publisher of the journal. Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. Saintek Perikanan journal ,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro and the Editors make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in Saintek Perikanan journal are the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded : [Copyright Transfer Form Saintek Perikanan]. The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax : 

Aristi Dian Purnama Fitri (Editor-in-Chief)

Editorial Office of Saintek Perikanan journal ,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Telp./Fax: (024) 7474698

Email: saintekjurnal@gmail.com