EVALUASI DIET KOLIN DAN METIONIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) (Evaluation of Dietary Choline and Methionine on The Growth Performance and Feed Indices of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio))

Rahma Suci  -  Laboratorium Fisiologi, perkembangan, dan Molekuler hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, Indonesia
*Rudy Agung Nugroho orcid scopus  -  Laboratorium Fisiologi, perkembangan, dan Molekuler hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, Indonesia
Retno Aryani  -  Laboratorium Fisiologi, perkembangan, dan Molekuler hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, Indonesia
Hetty Manurung  -  Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Mulawarman, Indonesia
Rudianto Rudianto  -  Laboratorium Fisiologi, perkembangan, dan Molekuler hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, Indonesia
Received: 4 Sep 2019; Published: 6 Aug 2020.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Abstract

Kolin dan metionin bermanfaat dalam imunitas, pertumbuhan, deposisi lipid dan protein pada ikan. Penambahan kolin dan metionin dalam pakan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan kolin dan metionin pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan efektivitas pakan ikan mas. Sejumlah 1.350 ekor ikan (umur ±2 bulan, berat awal 25,29±0,10 gram, panjang 10,5±11,2 cm) dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok perlakuan dan satu kelompok kontrol dengan masing-masing tiga pengulangan. Kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan diberi diet basal (5 kali sehari) dengan penambahan persentase (%) rasio kolin dan metionin berbeda. Kelompok D1 = tanpa kolin dan metionin (kontrol); D2-8 adalah kelompok ikan dengan penambahan formulasi kombinasi kolin dan metionin sebagai berikut: D2 (0%:0,15%), D3 (0,04%:0%), D4 (0,04%:0,15%), D5 (0,08%:0%), D6 (0,08%: 0,15%), D7 (0,12%:0%), D8 (0,12%: 0,15%) selama 12 minggu. Parameter pertumbuhan yaitu: berat akhir, pertambahan berat badan, pertambahan berat harian, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, laju efisiensi protein, dan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas yang diukur pada akhir minggu ke 12. Hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi berat akhir, pertambahan berat badan, pertambahan berat harian, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio efisiensi protein, dan efisiensi pakan didapat pada ikan mas kelompok D8. Sementara rasio konversi pakan ikan kelompok D3 menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi dari ikan kelompok lainnya. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah diet D8 dapat diterapkan dan bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan. Sementara diet D3 bermanfaat untuk menaikkan efisiensi pakan dan rasio konversi pakan ikan mas.

 

Choline and methionine are beneficial in immunity, growth, lipid and protein deposition in fish. A supplementation of choline and methionine in Carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) feed should be performed to improve growth and feed efficiency. This study evaluated the importance of choline and methionine supplementation on the growth and feed efficiency. In total 1,350 fish (± 2 months old, initial weight 25.29 ± 0.10 g, length 10.5 ± 11.2 cm) were randomly divided into triplicates seven treatment groups and one control group. For 12 weeks, the control and treatment fish groups were given a basal diet (5 times per day) with a different percentage (%) ratio of choline and methionine. Namely: D1 = without choline and methionine (control); D2-8 are groups of fish with a combination of formulation and methionine as follows: D2 (0%: 0.15%), D3 (0.04%: 0%), D4 (0.04%: 0.15%), D5 (0.08%: 0%), D6 (0.08%: 0.15%), D7 (0.12%: 0%), D8 (0.12%: 0.15%). Growth parameters such as: final weight (FW), body weight gain (BWG), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency rate (PER), and survival rate were determined at the end of the week 12. The results showed that optimum FW, BWG, DWG, SGR, PER, and FE were obtained in D8 group. Meanwhile, the FCR of D3 group was higher than other groups. In conclusion, D8 diet is beneficial to to increase fish growth, while D3 diet is useful for increasing FE and FCR of carp.

 

Keywords: Cyprinus carpio; kolin; metionin; pertumbuhan; efisiensi pakan

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language: ID
In Vol 16, No 2 (2020): SAINTEK PERIKANAN
Statistics: 371 116
Related articles
EFEK PEMBERIAN DELTAMETHRIN TERHADAP EKSPRESI CD4 PADA IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio) YANG TERINFEKSI Myxobolus sp. (Effect of Deltamethrin on CD4 Expression in Koi Fish (Cyprinus Carpio) Infected by Myxobolus Sp.) EFECT EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lam) PADA STATUS KESEHATAN DAN KELEULUSHIDUPAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) YANG DIINFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila Growth and Survival Rate of Cyprinus carpio Linn Juvenile on Different Concentration of Regent 0.3 g Pesticide EFEK PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK TERHADAP IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio) YANG TERINFEKSI Myxobolus sp. (Effect of Probiotics Treatment on Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Infected With Myxobolus sp.) STATUS HEMATOLOGI DAN RESPON IMUN IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio) YANG TERINFEKSI Myxobolus sp. DENGAN TREATMENT DIMILIN (Hematological Status and Immune Response of Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Infected by Myxobolus sp. With Treatment of Dimilin)
  1. Boyd, C. E. 1998. Water Quality for Pond Aquaculture. International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environment
  2. Badriyah C., T. H. Suprayogi, C. B. Soejono. 2015. Pengaruh Suplementasi Kolin Klorida Dengan Level Berbeda Pada Ran-Sum Kambing Perah Terhadap Kadar Lemak Dan Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak Susu. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 4;25(3):8-14
  3. Casini, A., R. Vaccaro, M. Toni, and C. Cioni. 2018. Distribution of Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Teleost Cyprinus carpio. European Journal of Histochemistry: EJH 62.DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2018.2932
  4. Combs, G. F. 2008. The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Academic Press, New York, USA. ISBN: 0128029838
  5. Craig, S., and L. A. Helfrich. 2002. Understanding Fish Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding. Virginia Cooperative Extension
  6. Day, C. R., and S. A. Kempson. 2016. Betaine Chemistry, Roles, and Potential Use in Liver Disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1860: 1098-1106.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.001
  7. Dellschaft, N. C. Richard, E. D. Lewis, S. Goruk, R. L. Jacobs, J. M. Curtis, and C. J. Field. 2018. The Dietary Form of Choline During Lactation Affects Maternal Immune Function in Rats. European Journal of Nutrition 57: 2189-2199. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1493-0
  8. Effendi, I., H. J. Bugri, and Widanarni. 2006. Pengaruh Padat Penebaran Terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) Lac. Ukuran 2 cm. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 5(2): 127-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.5.127-135
  9. Farhat, and M. A. Khan. 2011. Growth, Feed Conversion, and Nutrient Retention Efficiency of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, (Burchell) Fingerling Fed Diets with Varying Levels of Protein. Aquaculture 23(4): 304-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2011.626370
  10. Fernandes, A. C. P. L. P. F. deCarvalho, L.E. Pezzato, J. F. A. Koch, C. P. Teixeira, F. T. Cintra, F. M. Damasceno, R. L. Amorin, C. R. Padovani, and M. M. Barros. 2016. The Effect Of Digestible Protein to Digestible Energy Ratio and Choline Supplementation on Growth, Hematological Parameters, Liver Steatosis and Size-Sorting Stress Response in Nile tilapia Under Field Condition. Aquaculture 456: 83-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.02.001
  11. Fujiani, T., Efrizal, and R. Rahayu. 2015. Laju Pertumbuhan Belut Sawah (Monopterus albus Zuiew) dengan Pemberian Berbagai Pakan. Biologi Universitas Andalas 4(1).DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.4.1.%25p.2015
  12. Hanief, M. A. R., Subandiyono, and Pinandoyo. 2014. Pengaruh Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan hidup Benih Tawes (Puntius javanicus). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology 3: 67-74
  13. Ibarra, G. A. T., A. E. R. Mayorquin, and M. I. G. Perez. 2018. Influence of the Cholinergic System on the Immune Response of Teleost Fishes: Potential Model in Biomedical Research. Clinical and Developmental Immunology.2013(13).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/536534
  14. Iskandar, R. D. E. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan Efisiensi Pakan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Diberi Pakan Buatan Berbasis Kiambang. 40(1): 18-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v40i1.93
  15. Khosravi, S., J. W. Jang, S. Rahimnejad, J. W. Song, and K. J. Lee. 2015. Choline Essentiality and Its Requirement in Diets for Juvenile Parrot Fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Science 28(5): 647-653. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0532
  16. Kordi, M. dan H. Ghufron. 2010. Budidaya Ikan Bandeng untuk Umpan. Akademia. Jakarta
  17. Li, S., Y. Qu, X. Yu, W. Xue, and Z. Liu. 2019. Cell Membrane Adhesive N-Hexadecyl Choline Phosphate as Vaccine Delivery Systems for Anticancer Immunotherapy. Chemical Engineering Journal 360: 402-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.227
  18. Luo, Z., C.C. Wei, H. M. Ye, H. P. Zhao, Y. F. Song, and K. Wu. 2016. Effect of Dietary Choline Levels on Growth Performance, Lipid Deposition and Metabolism in Juvenile Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 202: 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.07.005
  19. Markovic, Z., Poleksic, V., Lakic, N., Dulic, Z., , M. Stankovic, and M. Sorensen. 2012. Evaluation of Growth and Histology of Liver and İntestine in Juvenile Carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) Fed Extruded Diets with or without Fish Meal. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 12: 301-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v12_2_15
  20. Niu, J. C. Figueiredo‐Silva, Y. Dong, Y.R. Yue, H.Z. Lin, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Huang, D.M. Xia, and X. Lu. 2016. Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal and of DL-Methionine or Lysine Supplementation in Pelleted Diets on Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Juvenile Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Aquaculture Nutrition.22:606-614.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12284
  21. NRC. 1993. Nutrient requirements of fish. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C
  22. Patriono, E., E. Junaidi, and A. Setiorini. 2009. Pengaruh Pemotongan Sirip terhadap Pertumbuhan Panjang Tubuh Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.). Jurnal Penelitian Sains. 63-66
  23. Qin, D. G. X.H. Dong, B.P. Tan, Q.H. Yang, S.Y. Chi, H.Y. Liu, and S. Zhang. 2017. Effects of Dietary Choline on Growth Performance, Lipid Deposition and Hepatic Lipid Transport of Grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Aquaculture Nutrition. 23: 453-459.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12413
  24. Rashvand, S., M. Mobasseri, and A. Tarighat-Esfanjani. 2019. Effects of Choline and Magnesium Concurrent Supplementation on Coagulation and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Pilot Clinical Trial. Biological trace element research. 1-8. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01802-7
  25. Ratriyanto, A., R. Mosenthin, E. Bauer, and M. Eklund. 2009. Metabolic, Osmoregulatory and Nutritional Functions of Betaine in Monogastric Animals. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 22(10):1461-1476.DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80659
  26. Setiawati, M., Sutaja, R., dan Suprayudi, M.A. 2008. Effect of Different Protein and Protein Energy Ratio in Diet on Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fingerling. Akuakultur Indonesia. 7(2): 171-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.7.171-178
  27. Setiawati, M., R. Sutaja dan M. A. Suprayudi. 2008. Effect of Different Protein and Protein Energy Ratio in Diet on Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerling. Akuakultur Indonesia 7(2): 171-178
  28. Shiau, S. Y., and P. S. Lo. 1999. Dietary Choline Requirements of Juvenile Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus >< O. aureus. American Society for Nutritional Sciences. Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, The Journal of Nutrition China. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.1.100
  29. SNI. 2015. Pembesaran Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) dalam Karamba Jaring Apung di Sungai. SNI 8123
  30. Topal, A., M. Şişecioğlu, M. Atamanalp, A. Işık, and B. Yılmaz. 2016. The In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Rainbow Trout Brain. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 44: 243-247.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1031776
  31. Utomo, N. B. P., P. Hasanah, and I. Mokoginta. 2005. Pengaruh Cara Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda
  32. terhadap Konversi Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) di Keramba Jaring Apung. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia. 4(2):49-52.DOI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/66420
  33. Wang, Y. G.J. Ma, Y. Shi, D.S. Liu, J.X. Guo, Y.H. Yang, and C.D. Chen. 2013. Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Feed Utilization and Body Composition in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition. 19: 390-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00972.x
  34. Wilson, R. P., and W. E. Poe. 1988. Choline Nutrition of Fingerling Channel Catfish. Aquaculture. Department of Biochemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90292-X
  35. Workel, H. A. 2005. Quality and nutritional aspects of choline chloride Krmiva 47, Zagreb, 2; 101-106
  36. Wu, G., and D. A. Davis. 2005. Interrelationship Among Methionine, Choline, and Betaine in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. Auburn, Alabama, USA Vol. 36(3).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2005.tb00337.x
  37. Wu, P., Feng, L., Kuang, S.Y., Liu, Y., Jiang, J., Hu, K., Jiang, W.D., Li, S.H., Tang, L. and Zhou, X.Q. 2011. Effect of Dietary Choline on Growth, Intestinal Enzyme Activities and Relative Expressions of Target of Rapamycin and Eif4e-Binding Protein Gene In Muscle, Hepatopancreas and Intestine of Juvenile Jian Carp (Cyprinus Carpio Var. Jian). Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.042
  38. Zhao, B., Feng, L., Liu, Y., Kuang, S-Y., Tang, L.,Jiang, J., Hu, K., Jiang, W-D., , S.-H. Li, and X.-Q. Zhou. 2012. Effects of Dietary Histidine Levels on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Intestinal Enzymes Activities of Juvenile Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquaculture Nutrition. 18: 220–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00898

Last update: 2021-02-28 21:06:52

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-02-28 21:06:53

No citation recorded.
Copyright (c) 2020 SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Saintek Perikanan journal ,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro as the publisher of the journal. Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. Saintek Perikanan journal ,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro and the Editors make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in Saintek Perikanan journal are the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded : [Copyright Transfer Form Saintek Perikanan]. The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax : 

Aristi Dian Purnama Fitri (Editor-in-Chief)

Editorial Office of Saintek Perikanan journal ,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Telp./Fax: (024) 7474698

Email: saintekjurnal@gmail.com