Electricity from Wind for Off-Grid Applications in Bangladesh: A Techno-Economic Assessment

*Md. Mustafizur Rahman -  Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh
Md Abdullah Hil Baky -  Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh
A.K.M. Sadrul Islam -  Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh
Published: 22 Mar 2017.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2017 International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Abstract

Global GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions are increasing substantially and electricity sector is one of the key contributors to the world’s total GHG emissions. GHG emissions cause ozone layer depletion and global warming. Different policy regulation agencies are adopting regulations to reduce GHG emissions in various sectors. People already have started power generation from cleaner sources. Renewable energy sources can provide cleaner electricity. Bangladesh is a densely populated country and most of the country’s electricity is produced from natural gas and coal. The Bangladesh government has set a goal to utilize renewable energy for the production of 10% of its electricity by the year 2020. Bangladesh has a lot of isolated coastal areas which are not connected to the national grid which can be electrified by using abundant wind energy. In this study a techno-economic analysis has been conducted for an off-grid island of Bangladesh. The analysis was conducted by developing a data intensive model that calculates the generation cost of electricity from wind energy. The model also estimates the capital cost of the system. The model shows that electricity can be produced from wind energy at a cost of $0.57/kWh. The system’s capital cost was calculated to be $63,550.16.

Article History: Received October 15th 2016; Received in revised form January 26th 2017; Accepted February 4th 2017; Available online

How to Cite This Article: Rahman, M.M., Baky, M.A.H, and Islam, A.K.M.S. (2017) Electricity from Wind for Off-Grid Applications in Bangladesh: A Techno-Economic Assessment. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 6(1), 55-64.

http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.55-64

Other format:

Keywords
GHG emission; cost of electricity; off-grid; wind energy; electricity generation.

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language: EN
Full Text:
In Vol 6, No 1 (2017): February 2017
Statistics: 966 1395
  1. Abdulkarim, H. (2004). Techno-economic analysis of solar energy for electric power generation in Nigeria: Citeseer.
  2. Adaramola, M. S., Agelin-Chaab, M., & Paul, S. S. (2014). Analysis of hybrid energy systems for application in southern Ghana. Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 284-295. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.029
  3. Ahammed, S. S., Hossain, M. A., Abedin, M. Z., & Khaleque, M. A. (2016). A Study Of Environmental Impacts On The Coral Resources In The Vicinity Of The Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 5(1), 37-39.
  4. Ahmed, N. A., Miyatake, M., & Al-Othman, A. (2008). Power fluctuations suppression of stand-alone hybrid generation combining solar photovoltaic/wind turbine and fuel cell systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(10), 2711-2719.
  5. Ajayi, O., Ohijeagbon, O., Aasa, S., & Omotosho, O. (2014). Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Electricity for Rural Electrification and IT Applications in Selected Sites Across the Geopolitical Zones of Nigeria.
  6. Akpinar, E., & Akpinar, S. (2006). An investigation of wind power potential required in installation of wind energy conversion systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 220(1), 1-13.
  7. Alam Hossain Mondal, M., & Sadrul Islam, A. K. M. (2011). Potential and viability of grid-connected solar PV system in Bangladesh. Renewable energy, 36(6), 1869-1874. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.11.033
  8. American Petroleum Institute. 1999. Basic Petroleum Data Book. Washington (DC): API.
  9. Bangladesh Bank. Retrieved April 14, 2016, from https://www.bb.org.bd/econdata/inflation.php
  10. Bangladesh Power Development Board. Retrieved March 29, 2016, from http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb/
  11. BD Stall. Retrieved April 14, 2016, from http://www.bdstall.com/listingDetail/index/8342/
  12. Bhuiyan, A., Islam, A., & Alam, A. (2013). Development of Web Based Wind Resource Assessment (WEA) Tool. Journal of Energy and Environment, 3(1).
  13. Brander, M., Sood, A., Wylie, C., Haughton, A., & Lovell, J. (2011). Electricity-specific emission factors for grid electricity. Ecometrica. Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
  14. Celik, A. N. (2007). A techno-economic analysis of wind energy in southern Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, 4(3), 233-247.
  15. Chandel, M., Agrawal, G. D., Mathur, S., & Mathur, A. (2014). Techno-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic power plant for garment zone of Jaipur city. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2, 1-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2013.10.002
  16. Chong, W., Naghavi, M., Poh, S., Mahlia, T., & Pan, K. (2011). Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application. Applied Energy, 88(11), 4067-4077.
  17. Dursun, B., Gokcol, C., Umut, I., Ucar, E., & Kocabey, S. (2013). Techno-economic evaluation of a hybrid PV—Wind power generation system. International Journal of Green Energy, 10(2), 117-136.
  18. Evans, A., Strezov, V., & Evans, T. J. (2009). Assessment of sustainability indicators for renewable energy technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(5), 1082-1088.
  19. Fadaeenejad, M., Radzi, M. A. M., AbKadir, M. Z. A., & Hizam, H. (2014). Assessment of hybrid renewable power sources for rural electrification in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 299-305. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.003
  20. Fleck, B., & Huot, M. (2009). Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use. Renewable energy, 34(12), 2688-2696.
  21. Genc, M. S. (2010). Economic analysis of large-scale wind energy conversion systems in central anatolian Turkey. Clean energy systems and Experiences Intech-Sciyo, 131-154.
  22. Ghasemi, A., Asrari, A., Zarif, M., & Abdelwahed, S. (2013). Techno-economic analysis of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic–diesel–battery systems for rural electrification in eastern part of Iran—A step toward sustainable rural development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 456-462. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.011
  23. Guezuraga, B., Zauner, R., & Pölz, W. (2012). Life cycle assessment of two different 2 MW class wind turbines. Renewable energy, 37(1), 37-44.
  24. GWEC. Global Wind Energy Council. Retrieved April 15, 2016, from http://www.gwec.net/
  25. IDCOL, Infrastructure Development Company Limited. Retrieved March 29, 2016, from http://www.idcol.org/
  26. IEA. Key issues in developing renewable. Paris: International Energy Agency, 1997.
  27. Islam, A. S., Rahman, M. M., Mondal, M. A. H., & Alam, F. (2012). Hybrid energy system for St. Martin Island, Bangladesh: an optimized model. Procedia Engineering, 49, 179-188.
  28. Kannan, R., Leong, K., Osman, R., Ho, H., & Tso, C. (2005). Gas fired combined cycle plant in Singapore: energy use, GWP and cost—a life cycle approach. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(13), 2145-2157.
  29. Kannan, R., Tso, C., Osman, R., & Ho, H. (2004). LCA–LCCA of oil fired steam turbine power plant in Singapore. Energy Conversion and Management, 45(18), 3093-3107.
  30. Khadem, S. K. (2006). Feasibility study of wind home system in coastal region of Bangladesh. Energy, 4, 5.
  31. Khan, F. I., Hawboldt, K., & Iqbal, M. (2005). Life cycle analysis of wind–fuel cell integrated system. Renewable energy, 30(2), 157-177.
  32. Kusakana, K., & Vermaak, H. J. (2013). Hybrid renewable power systems for mobile telephony base stations in developing countries. Renewable energy, 51, 419-425. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.045
  33. Leonoics. Retrieved April 14, 2016, from http://www.leonics.com/support/article2_12j/articles2_12j_en.php
  34. Li, C., Ge, X., Zheng, Y., Xu, C., Ren, Y., Song, C., & Yang, C. (2013). Techno-economic feasibility study of autonomous hybrid wind/PV/battery power system for a household in Urumqi, China. Energy, 55, 263-272.
  35. Mathew, S. (2006). Wind energy: fundamentals, resource analysis and economics (Vol. 1): Springer.
  36. Muralikrishna, M., & Lakshminarayana, V. (2008). Hybrid (solar and wind) energy systems for rural electrification. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(5), 50-58.
  37. Ngan, M. S., & Tan, C. W. (2012). Assessment of economic viability for PV/wind/diesel hybrid energy system in southern Peninsular Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 634-647. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.028
  38. Nouni, M., Mullick, S., & Kandpal, T. (2007). Techno-economics of small wind electric generator projects for decentralized power supply in India. Energy Policy, 35(4), 2491-2506.
  39. Ohunakin, O. S., Oyewola, O. M., & Adaramola, M. S. (2013). Economic analysis of wind energy conversion systems using levelized cost of electricity and present value cost methods in Nigeria. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 4(1), 1-8.
  40. Pimentel, D., Herz, M., Glickstein, M., Zimmerman, M., Allen, R., Becker, K., . . . Grosfeld, A. (2002). Renewable Energy: Current and Potential Issues Renewable energy technologies could, if developed and implemented, provide nearly 50% of US energy needs; this would require about 17% of US land resources. Bioscience, 52(12), 1111-1120.
  41. Power Division. Government of The People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Retrieved March 29, 2016, from http://powerdivision.gov.bd/
  42. Rahman, M. M., Canter, C., & Kumar, A. (2014). Greenhouse gas emissions from recovery of various North American conventional crudes. Energy, 74, 607-617.
  43. Rahman, M. M., Canter, C., & Kumar, A. (2015). Well-to-wheel life cycle assessment of transportation fuels derived from different North American conventional crudes. Applied Energy, 156, 159-173.
  44. Rahman, M. M., Islam, A. K. M. S., Salehin, S., & Al-Matin, M. A. (2016). Development of a Model for Techno-economic Assessment of a Stand-alone Off-grid Solar Photovoltaic System in Bangladesh. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER, 6(1), 140-149.
  45. Rahman, M. M., Khan, M. M.-U.-H., Ullah, M. A., Zhang, X., & Kumar, A. (2016). A hybrid renewable energy system for a North American off-grid community. Energy, 97, 151-160. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.105
  46. Rehman, S., & Al-Hadhrami, L. M. (2010). Study of a solar PV–diesel–battery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia. Energy, 35(12), 4986-4995. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.08.025
  47. REN21. Renewables 2015 Global Status Report. Retrieved April 14, 2016, from http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf
  48. Rohani, G., & Nour, M. (2014). Techno-economical analysis of stand-alone hybrid renewable power system for Ras Musherib in United Arab Emirates. Energy, 64, 828-841. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.065
  49. Saint Martin Coral Island, Bangladesh. Retrieved April 14, 2016, from http://aboutbangladesh71.blogspot.com/2013/08/saint-martin-coral-island-bangladesh.html
  50. Salehin, S., Rahman, M. M., & Islam, A. S. (2015). Techno-economic Feasibility Study of a Solar PV-Diesel System for Applications in Northern Part of Bangladesh. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 5(4), 1220-1229.
  51. Shezan, S., Salahuddin, A., Farzana, M., & Hossain, A. (2016). Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid PV-wind-diesel energy system for sustainable development at coastal areas in Bangladesh. Paper presented at the 2016 4th International Conference on the Development in the in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET).
  52. Sopian, K., Ali, Y., Alghoul, M. A. M. D., Zaharim, A., & Ahmad, I. (2009). Optimization of PV-wind-hydro-diesel hybrid system by minimizing excess capacity. European Journal of Scientific Research, 25(4), 663-671.
  53. Surface meteorology and solar energy. Retrieved April 14, 2016, from https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/.
  54. Sustainable & renewable energy energy development authority (SREDA). Retrieved April 14, 2016, from http://www.sreda.gov.bd/.
  55. Turner, J. A. (1999). A realizable renewable energy future. Science, 285(5428), 687-689.
  56. Verma, A., Raj, R., Kumar, M., Ghandehariun, S., & Kumar, A. (2015). Assessment of renewable energy technologies for charging electric vehicles in Canada. Energy, 86, 548-559.
  57. The world Bank. Retrieved March 29, 2016, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE
  58. Yang, H., Wei, Z., & Chengzhi, L. (2009). Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid solar–wind power generation system. Applied Energy, 86(2), 163-169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.03.008.
  59. Zubair, A., Tanvir, A. A., & Hasan, M. M. (2012). Optimal planning of standalone solar-wind-diesel hybrid energy system for a coastal area of Bangladesh. International Journal of electrical and computer engineering, 2(6), 731.

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to International Journal of Renewable Energy Development and Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from International Journal of Renewable Energy Development and Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University.

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development and Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the International Journal of Renewable Energy Development are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.