DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41275

Effect of Adding Combustion Air on Emission in a Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine with Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel Compressed Natural Gas Fuels

1Appropriate Technology Research Center, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Received: 9 Sep 2021; Revised: 18 May 2022; Accepted: 6 Jun 2022; Available online: 20 Jun 2022; Published: 4 Aug 2022.
Editor(s): Lam Shiung
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

A diesel dual-fuel engine uses two fuels designed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Generally, the specific fuel consumption of diesel dual-fuel engines has increased.  However, in   combination with alternative fuels, namely compressed natural gas injected through air intake, the use of diesel fuel can be reduced. However, using two fuels in a diesel dual-fuel engine increases the equivalent ratio; therefore, the air and fuel mixture becomes richer because the air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke is partially replaced by compressed natural gas. This results in incomplete combustion and increases exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This study aims to improve the combustion process in dual-fuel diesel engines by improving the air-fuel ratio; thus, it can approach the stoichiometric mixture by adding combustion air forcibly to produce complete combustion to reduce CO and HC emissions. An experimental approach using a single-cylinder diesel engine modified into a diesel dual-fuel engine powered by crude palm oil biodiesel and compressed natural gas was adopted. The combustion air was forcibly added to the cylinder using an electric supercharger at different air mass flow rates ranging from 0.007074 to 0.007836 kg/s and different engine loads (1000 to 4000 watts). The results indicated that adding more air to the cylinder could produce complete combustion, reducing the emission levels produced by a diesel dual-fuel engine. An air mass flow rate of 0.007836 kg/s can reduce CO, HC, and particulate matter emissions by averages of 60.55%, 49.63%, and 86.87%, respectively, from the standard diesel dual-fuel engine. Increasing in the amount of oxygen concentration improves the quality of the air-fuel ratio, which results in improved combustion and thereby reducing emissions.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Combustion Air; Emissions; Hydrocarbon; Carbon Monoxide

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
SWHEI: A New Approach to Measure Policy Effectiveness for Solar Water Heaters Daily Solar Radiation Forecasting based on a Hybrid NARX-GRU Network in Dumaguete, Philippines Experimental Investigation of Bladeless Power Generator from Wind-induced Vibration More recent articles
Most cited articles
Performance characteristics of mix oil biodiesel blends with smoke emissions Wind Power Generation in India: Evolution, Trends and Prospects The Temperature Profile for The Innovative Design of the Perforated Fin Tax Incentive Policy for Geothermal Development: A Comparative Analysis in ASEAN Evaluating the potential energy of a heliostat field and solar receiver of solar tower power plants in the southern region of Turkey More cited articles
  1. Alrazen, H. A., Abu Talib, A. R., & Ahmad, K. A. (2016). A two-component CFD studies of the effects of H2, CNG, and diesel blend on combustion characteristics and emissions of a diesel engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(24), 10483–10495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.097
  2. Asokan, M. A., Senthur Prabu, S., Bade, P. K. K., Nekkanti, V. M., & Gutta, S. S. G. (2019). Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of juliflora biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine. Energy, 173, 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.075
  3. Baek, S., Lee, H., & Lee, K. (2021). Fuel efficiency and exhaust characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine equipped with an electric supercharger. Energy, 214, 119049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119049
  4. Banapurmath, N. (2015). Effect of Turbo Charging on the Performance of Dual Fuel (DF) Engine Operated on Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (RBOME) and Coconut Shell Derived Producer Gas Induction. Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology, 06. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000216
  5. Bari, S., & Hossain, S. N. (2019). Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine running on palm oil diesel (POD). Energy Procedia, 160, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.123
  6. Baskar, P., & Senthilkumar, A. (2016). Effects of oxygen enriched combustion on pollution and performance characteristics of a diesel engine. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(1), 438–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2015.08.011
  7. Channappagoudra, M. (2020). Comparative study of baseline and modified engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG. Renewable Energy, 151, 604–618. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.062
  8. Gharehghani, A., Hosseini, R., Mirsalim, M., Jazayeri, S. A., & Yusaf, T. (2015). An experimental study on reactivity controlled compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel/natural gas. Energy, 89, 558–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.014
  9. Hassan, S., Nor, F., Zainal, Z. A., & Miskam, M. (2011). Performance and Emission Characteristics of Supercharged Biomass Producer Gas-diesel Dual Fuel Engine. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.1606.1611
  10. Hassan, S., Zainal, Z.., Aizat, S., & Miskam, M. (2011). The Effects of Supercharging on the Performance and Exhaust Gas Emissions of a Dual-Fuel Engine Fueled with Producer Gas-Diesel and Palm Oil Blends. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(2), 162–169
  11. Hassan, S., Zainal, Z. A., & Miskam, M. A. (2011). Effects of advanced injection timing on performance and emission of a supercharged dual-fuel diesel engine fueled by producer gas from downdraft gasifier. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 70(3), 220–224
  12. He, X., Tan, Q., Wu, Y., and Wei, C. (2022). Optimization of Marine Two-Stroke Diesel Engine Based on Air Intake Composition and Temperature Control. Atmosphere, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020355
  13. Heywood, J. B. (1988). Internal Combustion Engine Fundementals. In McGrawHill series in mechanical engineering (Vol. 21). https://doi.org/10987654
  14. Hiremath, S. S., Khandal, S. V, Banapurmath, N. R., Math, V. B., & Gaitonde, V. N. (2017). Comparative analysis of performance of dual fuel (DF) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines fuelled with honne oil methyl ester (HOME) and compressed natural gas (CNG). Fuel, 196, 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.01.089
  15. Hosamani, B. R., & Katti, V. V. (2018). Experimental analysis of combustion characteristics of CI DI VCR engine using mixture of two biodiesel blend with diesel. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 21(4), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2018.05.015
  16. Hosmath, R. S., Banapurmath, N. R., Khandal, S. V., Gaitonde, V. N., Basavarajappa, Y. H., & Yaliwal, V. S. (2016). Effect of compression ratio, CNG flow rate and injection timing on the performance of dual fuel engine operated on honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and compressed natural gas (CNG). Renewable Energy, 93, 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.010
  17. Imran, S., Emberson, D. R., Ihracska, B., Wen, D. S., Crookes, R. J., & Korakianitis, T. (2014). Effect of pilot fuel quantity and type on performance and emissions of natural gas and hydrogen based combustion in a compression ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(10), 5163–5175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.108
  18. Karuana, F., Kaddihani, W., Ghazidin, H., Wimada, A. R., Solikhah, M. D., Komalasari, C., Pratomo, T. B., Prida, H., & Kuswa, F. M. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Campuran Biodiesel (B30) terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Kendaraan di Atas > 3.5 Ton. Simposium Nasional RAPI XIX Tahun 2020 FT UMS, 56–62. http://hdl.handle.net/11617/12378
  19. Khan, M. I., Yasmin, T., & Shakoor, A. (2015). Technical overview of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 785–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.053
  20. Li, W., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Dou, H., Wang, C., & Li, J. (2016). Experimental and theoretical analysis of effects of equivalence ratio on mixture properties , combustion , thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions of a pilot-ignited NG engine at low loads. Fuel, 171, 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.056
  21. Liu, J., Yang, F., Wang, H., Ouyang, M., & Hao, S. (2013). Effects of pilot fuel quantity on the emissions characteristics of a CNG/diesel dual fuel engine with optimized pilot injection timing. Applied Energy, 110(x), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.024
  22. Liu, Y., Sun, L., Yang, B., Zhou, L., Zeng, K., & Huang, Z. (2015). Effect of the pilot quantity on the ultrafine particle emissions and the combustion characteristics of a biodiesel pilot-ignited natural-gas dual-fuel engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 229(8), 1060–1069. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407014552537
  23. Lounici, M. S., Loubar, K., Tarabet, L., Balistrou, M., Niculescu, D. C., & Tazerout, M. (2014). Towards improvement of natural gas-diesel dual fuel mode: An experimental investigation on performance and exhaust emissions. Energy, 64, 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.091
  24. Mahmood, H. A., Al-Sulttani, A. O., Mousa, N. A., & Attia, O. H. (2022). Impact of Lambda Value on Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of Syngas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine. International Journal of Technology, 13(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i1.5060
  25. Mousavi, S. M., Saray, R. K., Poorghasemi, K., & Maghbouli, A. (2016). A numerical investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine at part load condition. Fuel, 166, 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.052
  26. Nayak, C. (2013). Effect of blends of karanja oil on performance of a twin cylinder dual fuel diesel engine using producer gas. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 10, 56–63. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-1055663
  27. Palaniswamy, D., Ramesh, G., Sivasankaran, S., & Kathiravan, N. (2016). Optimizing the Supercharger Effect on the Performance and Emission of Biogas Diesel Engine using ANFIS. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(7), 1364. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00516.5
  28. Papagiannakis, R. G., & Hountalas, D. T. (2004). Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a dual fuel compression ignition engine operated with pilot Diesel fuel and natural gas. Energy Conversion and Management, 45, 2971–2987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.01.013
  29. Papagiannakis, R. G., Krishnan, S. R., Rakopoulos, D. C., Srinivasan, K. K., & Rakopoulos, C. D. (2017). A combined experimental and theoretical study of diesel fuel injection timing and gaseous fuel/diesel mass ratio effects on the performance and emissions of natural gas-diesel HDDI engine operating at various loads. Fuel, 202, 675–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.012
  30. Papagiannakis, R. G., Rakopoulos, C. D., Hountalas, D. T., & Rakopoulos, D. C. (2010). Emission characteristics of high speed, dual fuel, compression ignition engine operating in a wide range of natural gas/diesel fuel proportions. Fuel, 89(7), 1397–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.11.001
  31. Pathak, S. K., Nayyar, A., & Goel, V. (2021). Optimization of EGR effects on performance and emission parameters of a dual fuel (Diesel + CNG) CI engine: An experimental investigation. Fuel, 291(October 2020), 120183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120183
  32. Paul, A., Panua, R. S., Debroy, D., & Bose, P. K. (2014). Effect of compressed natural gas dual fuel operation with diesel and Pongamia pinnata methyl ester (PPME) as pilot fuels on performance and emission characteristics of a CI (compression ignition) engine. Energy, 68, 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.026
  33. Peng, Y. H., Huang, Y. P., Tang, J. Y., Huang, Q. F., & Huang, Y. R. (2018). Experimental Study on the Effects of Air Supply Control on Combustion and Emissions Performance at Medium and Low Load for a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine. Energies, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112944
  34. Raman, L. A., Deepanraj, B., Rajakumar, S., & Sivasubramanian, V. (2019). Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission analysis of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with rapeseed oil biodiesel. Fuel, 246, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.106
  35. Ryu, K. (2013). Effects of pilot injection pressure on the combustion and emissions characteristics in a diesel engine using biodiesel–CNG dual fuel. Energy Conversion and Management, 76, 506–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.085
  36. Sarkar, A., & Saha, U. K. (2018). Role of global fuel-air equivalence ratio and preheating on the behaviour of a biogas driven dual fuel diesel engine. Fuel, 232, 743–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2018.06.016
  37. Shim, E., Park, H., & Bae, C. (2020). Comparisons of advanced combustion technologies (HCCI, PCCI, and dual-fuel PCCI) on engine performance and emission characteristics in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Fuel, 262(July 2019), 116436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116436
  38. Singh Kalsi, S., & Subramanian, K. A. (2016). Experimental investigations of effects of EGR on performance and emissions characteristics of CNG fueled reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 130(x), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.10.044
  39. Solikhah, M. D., Barus, B. R., Karuana, F., Wimada, A. R., & Amri, K. (2020). Pedoman Umum Penanganan dan Penyimpanan Biodiesel dan B30. Direktorat Bioenergi Direktur Jenderal Energi Baru, Terbarukan dan Konversi Energi Kementerian ESDM
  40. Sudarmanta, B., Yuvenda, D., Bachtiar K.P., A., Wahjudi, A., & Trihatmojo, A. A. (2021). Effect of pilot injection timing using crude palm oil biodiesel on combustion process on dual fuel engines with compressed natural gas as the main fuel. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 14(6), 2097–2113. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1943044
  41. Tarabet, L., Loubar, K., Lounici, M. S., Khiari, K., Belmrabet, T., & Tazerout, M. (2014). Experimental investigation of DI diesel engine operating with eucalyptus biodiesel/natural gas under dual fuel mode. Fuel, 133, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.008
  42. Trihatmojo, A. A., Yuvenda, D., & Sudarmanta, B. (2019). The effects of pilot injection timing on the combustion process and exhaust emissions in dual-fuel diesel engine using biodiesel-CNG at high load. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2187(1), 20031. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138286
  43. Yang, B., Wei, X., Xi, C., Liu, Y., Zeng, K., & Lai, M. C. (2014). Experimental study of the effects of natural gas injection timing on the combustion performance and emissions of a turbocharged common rail dual-fuel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 87, 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.030
  44. Yuvenda, D., Sudarmanta, B., & Wahjudi, A. (2019). Optimization of CNG injection duration on combustions and emissions characteristics on CNG-CPO biodiesel dual fuel engine with load variations. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2187(January). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138281
  45. Yuvenda, D., Sudarmanta, B., Wahjudi, A., & Muraza, O. (2020). Improved combustion performances and lowered emissions of CNG-diesel dual fuel engine under low load by optimizing CNG injection parameters. Fuel, 269, 117202. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2020.117202

Last update:

  1. RETRACTED: Biodiesel unsaturation and the synergic effects of hydrogen sharing rate on the characteristics of a compression ignition engine in dual-fuel mode

    C. Prabhu, B. Navaneetha Krishnan, T. Prakash, V. Rajasekar, Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Van Vang Le, Nguyen Viet Linh Le, Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen, Van Nhanh Nguyen. Fuel, 334 , 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126699

  2. Investigations on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine fueled with induced bamboo leaf gaseous fuel and injected mixed biodiesel-diesel blends

    Van Nhanh Nguyen, Biswajeet Nayak, Thingujam Jackson Singh, Swarup Kumar Nayak, Dao Nam Cao, Huu Cuong Le, Xuan Phuong Nguyen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 54 , 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.074

  3. Modeling-optimization of performance and emission characteristics of dual-fuel engine powered with pilot diesel and agricultural-food waste-derived biogas

    Zafar Said, Prabhakar Sharma, Bhaskor J. Bora, Van Nhanh Nguyen, Thi Anh Em Bui, Dinh Tuyen Nguyen, Xuan Thanh Dinh, Xuan Phuong Nguyen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48 (18), 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.150

  4. Unlocking renewable energy potential: Harnessing machine learning and intelligent algorithms

    Thanh Tuan Le, Prabhu Paramasivam, Elvis Adril, Van Quy Nguyen, Minh Xuan Le, Minh Thai Duong, Huu Cuong Le, Anh Quan Nguyen. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 13 (4), 2024. doi: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60387

  5. Nanotechnology-based biodiesel: A comprehensive review on production, and utilization in diesel engine as a substitute of diesel fuel

    Thanh Tuan Le, Minh Ho Tran, Quang Chien Nguyen, Huu Cuong Le, Van Quy Nguyen, Dao Nam Cao, Prabhu Paramasivam. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 13 (3), 2024. doi: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60126

  6. Biodiesel unsaturation and the synergic effects of hydrogen sharing rate on the characteristics of a compression ignition engine in dual-fuel mode

    C. Prabhu, B. Navaneetha Krishnan, T. Prakash, V. Rajasekar, Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Van Vang Le, Nguyen Viet Linh Le, Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen, Van Nhanh Nguyen. Fuel, 334 , 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126699

  7. Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode

    Van Nhanh Nguyen, Swarup Kumar Nayak, Huu Son Le, Jerzy Kowalski, Balakrishnan Deepanraj, Xuan Quang Duong, Thanh Hai Truong, Viet Dung Tran, Dao Nam Cao, Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 49 , 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.09.130

Last update: 2024-12-21 09:00:05

No citation recorded.