DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.54612

A comprehensive review on the use of biodiesel for diesel engines

1Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam

3Faculty of Automotive Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

4 Institute of Maritime, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

5 PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

View all affiliations
Received: 25 Apr 2023; Revised: 15 Jun 2023; Accepted: 20 Jun 2023; Available online: 28 Jun 2023; Published: 15 Jul 2023.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Fossil fuels are the main source of energy for transportation operations around the world. However, fossil fuels cause extremely negative impacts on the environment, as well as uneven distribution across countries, increasing energy insecurity. Biodiesel is one of the potential and feasible options in recent years to solve energy problems. Biodiesel is a renewable, low-carbon fuel source that is increasingly being used as a replacement for traditional fossil fuels, particularly in diesel engines. Biodiesel has several potential benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality, and energy independence. However, there are also several challenges associated with the use of biodiesel including the compatibility of biodiesel with existing engine technologies and infrastructure as well as the cost of production, which can vary depending on factors such as location, climate, and competing uses for the feedstocks. Meanwhile, studies aimed at comprehensively assessing the impact of biodiesel on engine power, performance, and emissions are lacking. This becomes a major barrier to the dissemination of this potential energy source. Therefore, this study will provide a comprehensive view of the physicochemical properties of biodiesel that affect the performance and emission properties of the engine, as well as discuss the difficulties and opportunities of this potential fuel source.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Biodiesel; physicochemical properties; engine performance; emissions characteristics; blended fuel; nano-additives

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Review Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Prospects of low carbon development for Pakistan’s energy and power sector in the post Covid scenario Energy demand modeling for low carbon cities in Thailand: A case study of Nakhon Ratchasima province The characteristics and emissions of low-pressure densified torrefied elephant dung fuel briquette A comprehensive review on the use of biodiesel for diesel engines More recent articles
Most cited articles
A Novel Global MPP Tracking of Photovoltaic System based on Whale Optimization Algorithm Soybean Opportunity as Source of New Energy in Indonesia Effect of Temperature on Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels Improving Stability and Convergence for Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Algorithm. (On-Line Harmonics Estimation Application) Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester More cited articles
  1. A.V.S.L, S.B., Subramaniapillai, N., Khadhar Mohamed, M.S.B., Narayanan, A., 2021. Effect of rubber seed oil biodiesel on engine performance and emission analysis. Fuel 296, 120708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120708
  2. Abed, K.A., El Morsi, A.K., Sayed, M.M., Shaib, A.A. El, Gad, M.S., 2018. Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Egypt. J. Pet. 27, 985–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.02.008
  3. Abed, K.A., Gad, M.S., El Morsi, A.K., Sayed, M.M., Elyazeed, S.A., 2019. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Egypt. J. Pet. 28, 183–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2019.03.001
  4. Agarwal, A.K., Gupta, J.G., Dhar, A., 2017. Potential and challenges for large-scale application of biodiesel in automotive sector. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 61, 113–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.03.002
  5. Agarwal, A.K., Srivastava, D.K., Dhar, A., Maurya, R.K., Shukla, P.C., Singh, A.P., 2013. Effect of fuel injection timing and pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. Fuel 111, 374–383
  6. Ahmad, K., Saini, P., 2022. Effect of butanol additive with mango seed biodiesel and diesel ternary blends on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 44, 9988–10005. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2022.2143954
  7. Al-lwayzy, S.H., Yusaf, T., 2017. Diesel engine performance and exhaust gas emissions using Microalgae Chlorella protothecoides biodiesel. Renew. Energy 101, 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2016.09.035
  8. Aldhaidhawi, M., Chiriac, R., Badescu, V., 2017. Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of Diesel engine fueled with rapeseed biodiesel – A literature review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 73, 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.129
  9. Allen, C., Toulson, E., Tepe, D., Schock, H., Miller, D., Lee, T., 2013. Characterization of the effect of fatty ester composition on the ignition behavior of biodiesel fuel sprays. Fuel 111, 659–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.057
  10. Alptekin, E., 2017. Emission, injection and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated fuel blends in a common rail diesel engine. Energy 119, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2016.12.069
  11. Alptekin, E., Canakci, M., 2008. Determination of the density and the viscosities of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends.Renewable Energy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.02.020
  12. An, H., Yang, W.M., Maghbouli, A., Li, J., Chou, S.K., Chua, K.J., 2013. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oils. Appl. Energy 112, 493–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2012.12.044
  13. Apostolakou, A.A., Kookos, I.K., Marazioti, C., Angelopoulos, K.C., 2009. Techno-economic analysis of a biodiesel production process from vegetable oils. Fuel Process. Technol. 90, 1023–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUPROC.2009.04.017
  14. Appavu, P., Ramanan M, V., Jayaraman, J., Venu, H., 2021. NO x emission reduction techniques in biodiesel-fuelled CI engine: a review. Aust. J. Mech. Eng. 19, 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2019.1596527
  15. Asokan, M.A., Senthur Prabu, S., Bade, P.K.K., Nekkanti, V.M., Gutta, S.S.G., 2019. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of juliflora biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine. Energy 173, 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.075
  16. Austin, K.G., Jones, J.P.H., Clark, C.M., 2022. A review of domestic land use change attributable to U.S. biofuel policy. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 159, 112181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112181
  17. Ayhan, V., Çangal, Ç., Cesur, İ., Çoban, A., Ergen, G., Çay, Y., Kolip, A., Özsert, İ., 2020. Optimization of the factors affecting performance and emissions in a diesel engine using biodiesel and EGR with Taguchi method. Fuel 261, 116371
  18. Babatunde, K.A., Salam, K.K., Aworanti, O.A., Olu-Arotiowa, O.A., Alagbe, S.O., Oluwole, T.D., 2022. Transesterification of castor oil: neuro-fuzzy modelling, uncertainty quantification and optimization study. Syst. Microbiol. Biomanufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-022-00120-9
  19. Bakır, H., Ağbulut, Ü., Gürel, A.E., Yıldız, G., Güvenç, U., Soudagar, M.E.M., Hoang, A.T., Deepanraj, B., Saini, G., Afzal, A., 2022. Forecasting of future greenhouse gas emission trajectory for India using energy and economic indexes with various metaheuristic algorithms. J. Clean. Prod. 360, 131946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131946
  20. Balasubramanian, D., Wongwuttanasatian, T., Venugopal, I.P., Rajarajan, A., 2022. Exploration of combustion behavior in a compression ignition engine fuelled with low-viscous Pimpinella anisum and waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. J. Clean. Prod. 331, 129999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129999
  21. Balat, M., 2011. Potential alternatives to edible oils for biodiesel production – A review of current work. Energy Convers. Manag. 52, 1479–1492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.011
  22. Balat, M., Balat, H., 2010. Progress in biodiesel processing. Appl. Energy 87, 1815–1835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.01.012
  23. Baldia, A., Rajput, D., Kumar, A., Pandey, A., Dubey, K.K., 2023. Engineering microalgae as the next-generation food. Syst. Microbiol. Biomanufacturing 3, 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-022-00144-1
  24. Basha, J.S., Anand, R.B., 2013. The influence of nano additive blended biodiesel fuels on the working characteristics of a diesel engine. J. Brazilian Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0023-0
  25. Bednarski, M., Orliński, P., Wojs, M.K., Sikora, M., 2019. Evaluation of methods for determining the combustion ignition delay in a diesel engine powered by liquid biofuel. J. Energy Inst. 92, 1107–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2018.06.007
  26. Bergthorson, J.M., Thomson, M.J., 2015. A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 42, 1393–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.034
  27. Birgel, A., Ladommatos, N., Aleiferis, P., Milovanovic, N., Lacey, P., Richards, P., 2011. Investigations on deposit formation in the holes of diesel injector nozzles, in: SAE Technical Papers. pp. 123–131
  28. Bittle, J.A., Knight, B.M., Jacobs, T.J., 2010. Interesting Behavior of Biodiesel Ignition Delay and Combustion Duration. Energy & Fuels 24, 4166–4177. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef1004539
  29. Buyukkaya, E., 2010. Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel 89, 3099–3105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.034
  30. Canabarro, N.I., Silva-Ortiz, P., Nogueira, L.A.H., Cantarella, H., Maciel-Filho, R., Souza, G.M., 2023. Sustainability assessment of ethanol and biodiesel production in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Guatemala. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 171, 113019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113019
  31. Canakci, M., Van Gerpen, J.H., 2003. COMPARISON OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS FOR PETROLEUM DIESEL FUEL, YELLOW GREASE BIODIESEL, AND SOYBEAN OIL BIODIESEL. Trans. ASAE 46, 937-. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.13948
  32. Černoch, M., Hájek, M., Skopal, F., 2010. Relationships among flash point, carbon residue, viscosity and some impurities in biodiesel after ethanolysis of rapeseed oil. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 7397–7401. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2010.05.003
  33. Chaichan, M., Gaaz, T.S., Al-Amiery, A., Mohd, Kadhum, A.A., 2020. Biodiesel Blends Startability and Emissions During Cold, Warm and Hot Conditions. J. Nanofluids 9, 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1166/JON.2020.1732
  34. Chandrasekaran, V., Arthanarisamy, M., Nachiappan, P., Dhanakotti, S., Moorthy, B., 2016. The role of nano additives for biodiesel and diesel blended transportation fuels. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 46, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.03.015
  35. Chen, H., Xie, B., Ma, J., Chen, Y., 2018. NOx emission of biodiesel compared to diesel: Higher or lower? Appl. Therm. Eng. 137, 584–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.022
  36. Chong, C.T., Loe, T.Y., Wong, K.Y., Ashokkumar, V., Lam, S.S., Chong, W.T., Borrion, A., Tian, B., Ng, J.-H., 2021. Biodiesel sustainability: The global impact of potential biodiesel production on the energy–water–food (EWF) nexus. Environ. Technol. Innov. 22, 101408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101408
  37. Clenci, A., Niculescu, R., Danlos, A., Iorga-Simăn, V., Trică, A., 2016. Impact of Biodiesel Blends and Di-Ethyl-Ether on the Cold Starting Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine. Energies 9,284. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN9040284
  38. Coşofreţ, D., Popa, C., Ristea, M., 2016. Study on the Greenhouse Gases Generated by the Direct Injection Diesel Engines Running on Biodiesel. Int. Conf. KNOWLEDGE-BASED Organ. 22, 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1515/KBO-2016-0106
  39. de Souza, T.A.Z., Pinto, G.M., Julio, A.A.V., Coronado, C.J.R., Perez-Herrera, R., Siqueira, B.O.P.S., da Costa, R.B.R., Roberts, J.J., Palacio, J.C.E., 2022. Biodiesel in South American countries: A review on policies, stages of development and imminent competition with hydrotreated vegetable oil. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 153, 111755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111755
  40. Deepanraj, B., Srinivas, M., Arun, N., Sankaranarayanan, G., Abdul Salam, P., 2017. Comparison of jatropha and karanja biofuels on their combustion characteristics. Int. J. Green Energy 14, 1231–1237
  41. Dhamodaran, G., Krishnan, R., Pochareddy, Y.K., Pyarelal, H.M., Sivasubramanian, H., Ganeshram, A.K., 2017. A comparative study of combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of rice-bran-, neem-, and cottonseed-oil biodiesels with varying degree of unsaturation. Fuel 187, 296–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2016.09.062
  42. Dharma, S., Silitonga, A.S., Shamsuddin, A.H., Sebayang, A.H., Milano, J., Sebayang, R., Sarjianto, Ibrahim, H., Bahri, N., Ginting, B., Damanik, N., 2023. Properties and corrosion behaviors of mild steel in biodiesel-diesel blends. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 45, 3887–3899. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1668883
  43. Dinesha, P., Kumar, S., Rosen, M.A., 2019. Combined effects of water emulsion and diethyl ether additive on combustion performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine using biodiesel blends. Energy 179, 928–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.071
  44. Dubey, A., Prasad, R.S., Kumar Singh, J., Nayyar, A., 2022. Optimization of diesel engine performance and emissions with biodiesel-diesel blends and EGR using response surface methodology (RSM). Clean. Eng. Technol. 8, 100509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100509
  45. Duraisamy, B., Velmurugan, K., Venkatachalapathy, V.S.K., Thiyagarajan, S., Varuvel, E.G., 2021. Effect of amyl alcohol addition in a CI engine with Prosopis juliflora oil–an experimental study. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1996489
  46. E, J., Pham, M., Zhao, D., Deng, Y., Le, D., Zuo, W., Zhu, H., Liu, T., Peng, Q., Zhang, Z., 2017. Effect of different technologies on combustion and emissions of the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 80, 620–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.250
  47. El-Adawy, M., Ibrahim, A., El-Kassaby, M.M., 2013. An Experimental Evaluation of using Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine. Energy Technol. 1, 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1002/ENTE.201300100
  48. EL-Seesy, A.I., Waly, M.S., He, Z., El-Batsh, H.M., Nasser, A., El-Zoheiry, R.M., 2021. Influence of quaternary combinations of biodiesel/methanol/n-octanol/diethyl ether from waste cooking oil on combustion, emission, and stability aspects of a diesel engine. Energy Convers. Manag. 240, 114268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114268
  49. Elkelawy, M., Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, H., El Shenawy, E.A., Taha, M., Panchal, H., Sadasivuni, K.K., 2021. Study of performance, combustion, and emissions parameters of DI-diesel engine fueled with algae biodiesel/diesel/n-pentane blends. Energy Convers. Manag. X 10, 100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2020.100058
  50. Elkelawy, M., Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, H., Esmaeil, K.K., Radwan, A.M., Panchal, H., Sadasivuni, K.K., Ponnamma, D., Walvekar, R., 2019. Experimental studies on the biodiesel production parameters optimization of sunflower and soybean oil mixture and DI engine combustion, performance, and emission analysis fueled with diesel/biodiesel blends. Fuel 255, 115791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115791
  51. Emiroğlu, A.O., 2019. Effect of fuel injection pressure on the characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine powered by butanol-diesel blend. Fuel 256, 115928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115928
  52. Erdiwansyah, Mamat, R., Sani, M.S.M., Sudhakar, K., Kadarohman, A., Sardjono, R.., 2019. An overview of Higher alcohol and biodiesel as alternative fuels in engines. Energy Reports 5, 467–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.04.009
  53. Fazal, M.A., Haseeb, A., Masjuki, H.H., 2010. Comparative corrosive characteristics of petroleum diesel and palm biodiesel for automotive materials. Fuel Process. Technol. 91, 1308–1315
  54. Fazal, M.A., Haseeb, A.S.M.A., Masjuki, H.H., 2012. Degradation of automotive materials in palm biodiesel. Energy 40, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2012.02.026
  55. Fernández, I.A., Gómez, M.R., Gómez, J.R., López-González, L.M., 2020. Generation of H2 on Board Lng Vessels for Consumption in the Propulsion System. Polish Marit. Res. 27, 83–95. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0009
  56. Gad, M.S., El-Shafay, A.S., Abu Hashish, H.M., 2021. Assessment of diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics burning biodiesel blends from jatropha seeds. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 147, 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSEP.2020.11.034
  57. Ganesh, D., Gowrishankar, G., 2011. Effect of nano-fuel additive on emission reduction in a biodiesel fuelled CI engine, in: 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, ICECE 2011 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECENG.2011.6058240
  58. Ghazali, W.N.M.W., Mamat, R., Masjuki, H.H., Najafi, G., 2015. Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 51, 585–602
  59. Giakoumis, E.G., Sarakatsanis, C.K., 2018. Estimation of biodiesel cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity and heating values from its fatty acid weight composition. Fuel 222, 574–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2018.02.187
  60. Global biodiesel production is increasing - Renewable Carbon News [WWW Document], n.d
  61. Gnanasekaran, S., Saravanan, N., Ilangkumaran, M., 2016. Influence of injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine running on fish oil biodiesel. Energy 116, 1218–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2016.10.039
  62. Gnanasikamani, B., Balaji, G., Cheralathan, M., 2015. Effect of CNT as additive with biodiesel on the performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine Effect of additives on biodiesel View project Emission Reduction View project Effect of CNT as additive with biodiesel on the performance and em. Artic. Int. J. ChemTech Res. 7, 1230–1236
  63. Godiganur, S., Suryanarayana Murthy, C., Reddy, R.P., 2010. Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on fish oil methyl esters. Renew. Energy 35, 355–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.07.007
  64. Goh, B.H.H., Chong, C.T., Ong, H.C., Milano, J., Shamsuddin, A.H., Lee, X.J., Ng, J.-H., 2022. Strategies for fuel property enhancement for second-generation multi-feedstock biodiesel. Fuel 315, 123178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123178
  65. Hadi, S., Ghodrat, M., Baghban, M., 2023. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Effects of blending energetic iron nanoparticles in B20 fuel on lower CO and UHC emissions of the diesel engine in cold start condition. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 41, 102658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102658
  66. Hadiyanto, H., Yuliandaru, I. and Hapsari, R. 2018. Production of Biodiesel from Mixed Waste Cooking and Castor Oil. MATEC Web Conf., 156 (2018) 03056, https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603056
  67. Hadiyanto, H., Lestari, S.P., Abdullah, A., Widayat, W, Sutanto, H. 2016. The development of fly ash-supported CaO derived from mollusk shell of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata as heterogeneous CaO catalyst in biodiesel synthesis. Int J Energy Environ Eng 7, 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-016-0212-6
  68. Haşimoğlu, C., Ciniviz, M., Özsert, İ., İçingür, Y., Parlak, A., Sahir Salman, M., 2008. Performance characteristics of a low heat rejection diesel engine operating with biodiesel. Renew. Energy 33, 1709–1715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.08.002
  69. Hoang, A.T., 2021a. Prediction of the density and viscosity of biodiesel and the influence of biodiesel properties on a diesel engine fuel supply system. J. Mar. Eng. Technol. 20, 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2018.1532734
  70. Hoang, A.T., 2021b. Combustion behavior, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel containing cerium oxide nanoparticles: A review. Fuel Process. Technol. 218, 106840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106840
  71. Hoang, A.T., Le, A.T., 2019. A review on deposit formation in the injector of diesel engines running on biodiesel. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 41, 584–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1520342
  72. Hoang, A.T., Pham, V.V., 2019. A study of emission characteristic, deposits, and lubrication oil degradation of a diesel engine running on preheated vegetable oil and diesel oil. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 41, 611–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1520344
  73. Hoang, A.T., Pham, V.V., Nguyen, X.P., 2021a. Integrating renewable sources into energy system for smart city as a sagacious strategy towards clean and sustainable process. J. Clean. Prod. 305, 127161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127161
  74. Hoang, A.T., Sirohi, R., Pandey, A., Nižetić, S., Lam, S.S., Chen, W.-H., Luque, R., Thomas, S., Arıcı, M., Pham, V.V., 2022a. Biofuel production from microalgae: challenges and chances. Phytochem. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-022-09819-y
  75. Hoang, A.T., Tabatabaei, M., Aghbashlo, M., 2020. A review of the effect of biodiesel on the corrosion behavior of metals/alloys in diesel engines. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 42, 2923–2943. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1623346
  76. Hoang, A.T., Tabatabaei, M., Aghbashlo, M., Carlucci, A.P., Ölçer, A.I., Le, A.T., Ghassemi, A., 2021b. Rice bran oil-based biodiesel as a promising renewable fuel alternative to petrodiesel: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 135, 110204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110204
  77. Hoang, A.T., Xuan Le, M., Nižetić, S., Huang, Z., Ağbulut, Ü., Veza, I., Said, Z., Tuan Le, A., Dung Tran, V., Phuong Nguyen, X., 2022b. Understanding behaviors of compression ignition engine running on metal nanoparticle additives-included fuels: A control comparison between biodiesel and diesel fuel. Fuel 326, 124981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124981
  78. Inbanaathan, P.V., Balasubramanian, D., Nguyen, V.N., Le, V.V., Wae-Hayee, M., R, R., Veza, I., Yukesh, N., Kalam, M.A., Sonthalia, A., Varuvel, E.G., 2023. Comprehensive study on using hydrogen-gasoline-ethanol blends as flexible fuels in an existing variable speed SI engine. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.107
  79. Iqbal, A.M., Zainal, Z.A., Mazlan, M., Mustafa Al-Bakri, A.M., Salim, M.S., 2013. Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Running on Blended Palm Oil. Adv. Mater. Res. 795, 164–169. https://doi.org/10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.795.164
  80. Jafari, M., Verma, P., Bodisco, T.A., Zare, A., Surawski, N.C., Borghesani, P., Stevanovic, S., Guo, Y., Alroe, J., Osuagwu, C., Milic, A., Miljevic, B., Ristovski, Z.D., Brown, R.J., 2019. Multivariate analysis of performance and emission parameters in a diesel engine using biodiesel and oxygenated additive. Energy Convers. Manag. 201, 112183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2019.112183
  81. Javed, S., Satyanarayana Murthy, Y.V.V., Satyanarayana, M.R.S., Rajeswara Reddy, R., Rajagopal, K., 2016. Effect of a zinc oxide nanoparticle fuel additive on the emission reduction of a hydrogen dual-fuelled engine with jatropha methyl ester biodiesel blends. J. Clean. Prod. 137, 490–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.125
  82. Jayaprabakar, J., Karthikeyan, A., 2016. Performance and emission characteristics of rice bran and alga biodiesel blends in a CI engine. Mater. Today Proc. 3, 2468–2474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2016.04.164
  83. Jeyakumar, N., Hoang, A.T., Nižetić, S., Balasubramanian, D., Kamaraj, S., Lakshmana Pandian, P., Sirohi, R., Nguyen, P.Q.P., Nguyen, X.P., 2022. Experimental investigation on simultaneous production of bioethanol and biodiesel from macro-algae. Fuel 329, 125362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125362
  84. Jiaqiang, E., Liu, G., Zhang, Z., Han, D., Chen, J., Wei, K., Gong, J., Yin, Z., 2019. Effect analysis on cold starting performance enhancement of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel fuel based on an improved thermodynamic model. Appl. Energy 243, 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2019.03.204
  85. Jindal, S., Nandwana, B.P., Rathore, N.S., Vashistha, V., 2010. Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha methyl ester. Appl. Therm. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.10.004
  86. Joy, N., Devarajan, Y., Nagappan, B., Anderson, A., 2018. Exhaust emission study on neat biodiesel and alcohol blends fueled diesel engine. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 40, 115–119
  87. Kalaimurugan, K., Karthikeyan, S., Periyasamy, M., Mahendran, G., Dharmaprabhakaran, T., 2019. Experimental studies on the influence of copper oxide nanoparticle on biodiesel-diesel fuel blend in CI engine. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1679290
  88. Kandasamy, S., Sundararaj, S., 2018. Improvement of emission reduction in nano additive Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 40, 1929–1934. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1488900
  89. Kannan, G.R., Karvembu, R., Anand, R., 2011. Effect of metal based additive on performance emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. Appl. Energy 88, 3694–3703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.043
  90. Karmakar, A., Karmakar, S., Mukherjee, S., 2010. Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 7201–7210. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2010.04.079
  91. Karthikeyan, S., Kalaimurugan, K., Prathima, A., 2017. Investigation on the emission quality characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with algae biofuel with nano additives. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 39, 2046–2052. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2017.1349216
  92. Karthikeyan, S., Periyasamy, M., Prathima, A., 2020. Combustion analysis of a CI engine with Caulerpa racemosa algae biofuel with nano additives. Mater. Today Proc. 33, 3324–3329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.780
  93. Karthikeyan, S., Prathima, A., 2016. Environmental effect on the impact of ferrofluid on Caulerpa Racemosa Oil methyl ester from marine macroalgae. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 38, 3242–3248
  94. Kathirvelu, B., Subramanian, S., Govindan, N., Santhanam, S., 2017. Emission characteristics of biodiesel obtained from jatropha seeds and fish wastes in a diesel engine. Sustain. Environ. Res. 27, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SERJ.2017.06.004
  95. Kaya, C., Kökkülünk, G., 2020. Biodiesel as alternative additive fuel for diesel engines: An experimental and theoretical investigation on emissions and performance characteristics. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1774685
  96. Kegl, B., 2011. Influence of biodiesel on engine combustion and emission characteristics. Appl. Energy 88, 1803–1812. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2010.12.007
  97. Kerihuel, Kumar, M.S., Bellettre, J., Tazerout, M., 2005. Investigations on a CI Engine Using Animal Fat and Its Emulsions With Water and Methanol as Fuel. SAE Tech. Pap. https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1729
  98. Khalife, E., Tabatabaei, M., Demirbas, A., Aghbashlo, M., 2017. Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2016.10.001
  99. Kharina, A., Malins, C., Beijing, S.S., 2016. BIOFUELS POLICY IN INDONESIA: OVERVIEW AND STATUS REPORT
  100. Kim, D.-S., Hanifzadeh, M., Kumar, A., 2018. Trend of biodiesel feedstock and its impact on biodiesel emission characteristics. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 37, 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12800
  101. Kolakoti, A., Setiyo, M., Rochman, M.L., 2022. A Green Heterogeneous Catalyst Production and Characterization for Biodiesel Production using RSM and ANN Approach. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 11, 703–712
  102. Kumar, K., Sharma, M.P., 2016. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 6, 658–662. https://doi.org/10.20508/IJRER.V6I2.3827.G6831
  103. Kumar, L.R., Yellapu, S.K., Tyagi, R.D., Drogui, P., 2021. Biodiesel production from microbial lipid obtained by intermittent feeding of municipal sludge and treated crude glycerol. Syst. Microbiol. Biomanufacturing 1, 344–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-021-00030-2
  104. Kumar, N., Kumar, V. and A., 2010. Biodiesel as an alternative fuel for CI engines: environmental effect. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 3, 602–606. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/2010/V3I5.23
  105. Kumar, N., Varun, Chauhan, S.R., 2013. Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different origins: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 21, 633–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2013.01.006
  106. Kumar, S., Dinesha, P., Rosen, M.A., 2019. Effect of injection pressure on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticle additive. Energy 185, 1163–1173
  107. Lamas, M.I., C.G., R., J., T., J.D., R., 2015. Numerical Analysis of Emissions from Marine Engines Using Alternative Fuels. Polish Marit. Res. 22, 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0070
  108. Lamb, W.F., Wiedmann, T., Pongratz, J., Andrew, R., Crippa, M., Olivier, J.G.J., Wiedenhofer, D., Mattioli, G., Khourdajie, A. Al, House, J., Pachauri, S., Figueroa, M., Saheb, Y., Slade, R., Hubacek, K., Sun, L., Ribeiro, S.K., Khennas, S., De La Rue Du Can, S., Chapungu, L., Davis, S.J., Bashmakov, I., Dai, H., Dhakal, S., Tan, X., Geng, Y., Gu, B., Minx, J., 2021. A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018. Environ. Res. Lett. 16, 073005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ABEE4E
  109. Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., 2008. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001
  110. Leedham, A., Caprotti, R., Graupner, O., Klaua, T., 2004. Impact of fuel additives on diesel injector deposits. SAE 2004-01-2935
  111. Liaquat, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Rizwanul Fattah, I.M., 2014. Impact of biodiesel blend on injector deposit formation. Energy 72, 813–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.06.006
  112. Long, A., Bose, A., O’Shea, R., Monaghan, R., Murphy, J.D., 2021. Implications of European Union recast Renewable Energy Directive sustainability criteria for renewable heat and transport: Case study of willow biomethane in Ireland. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 150, 111461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111461
  113. Lopes, J.C.A., Boros, L., Kráhenbúhl, M.A., Meirelles, A.J.A., Daridon, J.L., Pauly, J., Marrucho, I.M., Coutinho, J.A.P., 2008. Prediction of cloud points of biodiesel. Energy and Fuels 22, 747–752. https://doi.org/10.1021/EF700436D/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/EF-2007-00436D_0011.JPEG
  114. Lue, Y.F., Yeh, Y.Y., Wu, C.H., 2001. The emission characteristics of a small D.I. diesel engine using biodiesel blended fuels. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst. Environ. Eng. 36, 845–859. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-100103765
  115. Manigandan, S., Gunasekar, P., Nithya, S., Devipriya, J., 2020. Effects of nanoadditives on emission characteristics of engine fuelled with biodiesel. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 42, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1587048
  116. Maroušek, J., Gavurová, B., Strunecký, O., Maroušková, A., Sekar, M., Marek, V., 2023a. Techno-economic identification of production factors threatening the competitiveness of algae biodiesel. Fuel 344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128056
  117. Maroušek, J., Maroušková, A., Gavurová, B., Tuček, D., Strunecký, O., 2023b. Competitive algae biodiesel depends on advances in mass algae cultivation. Bioresour. Technol. 374, 128802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128802
  118. Martins, F., Felgueiras, C., Smitková, M., 2018. Fossil fuel energy consumption in European countries. Energy Procedia 153, 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.10.050
  119. Mehta, R.N., Chakraborty, M., Mahanta, P., Parikh, P.A., 2010. Evaluation of fuel properties of butanol-biodiesel-diesel blends and their impact on engine performance and emissions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49, 7660–7665. https://doi.org/10.1021/IE1006257/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/IE-2010-006257_0005.JPEG
  120. Meira, M., Quintella, C.M., Ribeiro, E.M.O., Silva, H.R.G., Guimarães, A.K., 2015. Overview of the challenges in the production of biodiesel. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery 5, 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-014-0146-2
  121. Mejía, J.D., Salgado, N., Orrego, C.E., 2013. Effect of blends of Diesel and Palm-Castor biodiesels on viscosity, cloud point and flash point. Ind. Crops Prod. 43, 791–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2012.08.026
  122. Mirhashemi, F.S., Sadrnia, H., 2020. NOX emissions of compression ignition engines fueled with various biodiesel blends: A review. J. Energy Inst. 93, 129–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2019.04.003
  123. Mofijur, M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Atabani, A.E., 2013. Evaluation of biodiesel blending, engine performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha curcas methyl ester: Malaysian perspective. Energy 55, 879–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2013.02.059
  124. Mofijur, M., Rasul, M., Hassan, N.M.S., Uddin, M.N., 2019. Investigation of exhaust emissions from a stationary diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. Energy Procedia 160, 791–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.159
  125. Mofijur, M., Rasul, M.G., Hyde, J., Azad, A.K., Mamat, R., Bhuiya, M.M.K., 2016. Role of biofuel and their binary (diesel–biodiesel) and ternary (ethanol–biodiesel–diesel) blends on internal combustion engines emission reduction. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 53, 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.046
  126. Mohamed, M., Tan, C.-K., Fouda, A., Gad, M.S., Abu-Elyazeed, O., Hashem, A.-F., 2020. Diesel Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel and Its Blends Derived from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil. Energies 13, 5708. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215708
  127. More, G.V., Koli, S.R., Rao, Y.V.H., Prasad, P.I., Rao, B.N., 2020. Effect of compression ratio on compression ignition engine with RUCO biodiesel/ diethyl ether/ diesel fuel blends. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1785593
  128. Mulyono, A.B., Sugiarto, B., Suryantoro, M.T., Setiapraja, H., Yubaidah, S., Attharik, M.I., Ariestiawan, M.R., Cohen, A., 2018. Effect of hydrotreating in biodiesel on the growth of deposits in the combustion chamber as a solution for the deposits reduction in the usage of biodiesel. E3S Web Conf. 67, 02014. https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/20186702014
  129. Murugesan, P., Hoang, A.T., Perumal Venkatesan, E., Santosh Kumar, D., Balasubramanian, D., Le, A.T., Pham, V.V., 2022. Role of hydrogen in improving performance and emission characteristics of homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled with graphite oxide nanoparticle-added microalgae biodiesel/diesel blends. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 37617–37634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.107
  130. N, S., Afzal, A., V, S.H., Ağbulut, Ü., Alahmadi, A.A., Gowda, A.C., Alwetaishi, M., Shaik, S., Hoang, A.T., 2023. Poultry fat biodiesel as a fuel substitute in diesel-ethanol blends for DI-CI engine: Experimental, modeling and optimization. Energy 270, 126826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126826
  131. Nagaraja, S., Sakthivel, M., Sudhakaran, R., 2012. Comparative study of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine fuelled with diesel, corn oil methyl ester, and palm oil methyl ester. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 4, 063122. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4768543
  132. Nagarajan, J., Balasubramanian, D., Khalife, E., Usman, K.M., 2022. OPTIMIZATION OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH COTTON SEED BIODIESEL USING DIGLYME AND INJECTION PRESSURE. J. Technol. Innov. 2, 52–61. https://doi.org/10.26480/jtin.02.2022.52.61
  133. Nanthagopal, K., Ashok, B., Tamilarasu, A., Johny, A., Mohan, A., 2017. Influence on the effect of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an additive with Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester in a CI engine. Energy Convers. Manag. 146, 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.05.021
  134. Nayak, S.K., Hoang, A.T., Nayak, B., Mishra, P.C., 2021. Influence of fish oil and waste cooking oil as post mixed binary biodiesel blends on performance improvement and emission reduction in diesel engine. Fuel 289, 119948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119948
  135. Nguyen, H.P., Bui, V.D., 2021. Sustainable development of Vietnam’s transportation from analysis of car freight management. Int. J. Knowledge-Based Dev. 12, 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKBD.2021.121707
  136. Nguyen, X.P., Vu, H.N., 2019. Corrosion of the metal parts of diesel engines in biodiesel-based fuels. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 8, 119–132. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.2.119-132
  137. Nursyairah, J., Lau, H.L.N., Jalal, R.I.A., Loh, S.K., 2022. Effect of palm biodiesel blends on cold start performance and emissions of common rail turbocharged engine at moderately cold ambient temperatures. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.14037
  138. Oil Reserves by Country 2022 [WWW Document], n.d
  139. Ozcanli, M., Gungor, C., Aydin, K., 2013. Biodiesel fuel specifications: A review. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 35, 635–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2010.503229
  140. Özener, O., Yüksek, L., Ergenç, A.T., Özkan, M., 2014. Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel 115, 875–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.081
  141. Padhee, D., Raheman, H., 2015. Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fuelled with Blends of Jatropha Methyl Ester and Diesel. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 3, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.14710/IJRED.3.2.125-131
  142. Perera, F., Nadeau, K., 2022. Climate Change, Fossil-Fuel Pollution, and Children’s Health. N. Engl. J. Med. 386, 2303–2314. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2117706
  143. Perumal, V., Ilangkumaran, M., 2018. Water emulsified hybrid pongamia biodiesel as a modified fuel for the experimental analysis of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine. Renew. Energy 121, 623–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.060
  144. Peters, G.P., Andrew, R.M., Canadell, J.G., Fuss, S., Jackson, R.B., Korsbakken, J.I., Le Quéré, C., Nakicenovic, N., 2017. Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement. Nat. Clim. Chang. 7, 118–122. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3202
  145. Pham, M.T., Cao, D.N., 2023. Research on numerical simulation of PCCI engine: A review. J. Technol. Innov. 3, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.26480/jtin.02.2023.38.45
  146. Pham, M.T., Pham, V.T., Cao, D.N., 2023. Design and fabrication of heating device for vegetable oil used for diesel engines. J. Technol. Innov. 3, 29–37. https://doi.org/10.26480/jtin.01.2023.29.37
  147. Plantinga, A., Scholtens, B., 2021. The financial impact of fossil fuel divestment. Clim. Policy 21, 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1806020
  148. Prabhu, C., Navaneetha Krishnan, B., Prakash, T., Rajasekar, V., Balasubramanian, D., Le, V.V., Linh Le, N.V., Phong Nguyen, P.Q., Nguyen, V.N., 2023. Biodiesel unsaturation and the synergic effects of hydrogen sharing rate on the characteristics of a compression ignition engine in dual-fuel mode. Fuel 334, 126699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126699
  149. Pradeep, P., Senthilkumar, M., 2021. Simultaneous reduction of emissions as well as fuel consumption in CI engine using water and nanoparticles in diesel-biodiesel blend. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 43, 1500–1510
  150. Praveen, A., Lakshmi Narayana Rao, G., Balakrishna, B., 2018. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel blends with TiO2 nanoadditives and EGR. Egypt. J. Pet. 27, 731–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.10.008
  151. Pullagura, G., Vadapalli, S., V. V. S., P., Rao Chebattina, K.R., 2023. Effect of dispersant added graphene nanoplatelets with diesel– Sterculia foetida seed oil biodiesel blends on diesel engine: engine combustion, performance and exhaust emissions. Biofuels 14, 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2022.2148876
  152. Qi, D.H., Chen, H., Geng, L.M., Bian, Y.Z., 2010. Experimental studies on the combustion characteristics and performance of a direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel/diesel blends. Energy Convers. Manag. 51, 2985–2992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.042
  153. Rajamohan, S., Hari Gopal, A., Muralidharan, K.R., Huang, Z., Paramasivam, B., Ayyasamy, T., Nguyen, X.P., Le, A.T., Hoang, A.T., 2022. Evaluation of oxidation stability and engine behaviors operated by Prosopis juliflora biodiesel/diesel fuel blends with presence of synthetic antioxidant. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments 52, 102086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102086
  154. Ramakrishnan, G., Krishnan, P., Rathinam, S., Thiyagu, R., Devarajan, Y., 2019. Role of nano-additive blended biodiesel on emission characteristics of the research diesel engine. Int. J. Green Energy 16, 435–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2019.1577742
  155. Ramalingam, S., Mahalakshmi, N. V, 2020. Influence of Moringa oleifera biodiesel–diesel–hexanol and biodiesel–diesel–ethanol blends on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. RSC Adv. 10, 4274–4285
  156. Raman, L.A., Deepanraj, B., Rajakumar, S., Sivasubramanian, V., 2019. Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission analysis of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with rapeseed oil biodiesel. Fuel 246, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.106
  157. Ramesh, D.K., Dhananjaya Kumar, J.L., Hemanth Kumar, S., Namith, V., Basappa Jambagi, P., Sharath, S., 2018. Study on effects of Alumina nanoparticles as additive with Poultry litter biodiesel on Performance, Combustion and Emission characteristic of Diesel engine. Mater. Today Proc. 5, 1114–1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.190
  158. Rameshbabu, A., Senthilkumar, G., 2021. Emission and performance investigation on the effect of nano-additive on neat biodiesel. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 43, 1315–1328
  159. Rao, G.L.N., Prasad, B.D., Sampath, S., Rajagopal, K., 2007. Combustion analysis of diesel engine fueled with Jatropha oil methy Lester-diesel blends. Int. J. Green Energy 4, 645–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435070701665446
  160. Rathinam, S., Justin Abraham Baby, S., Devarajan, Y., T, A., 2018. Influence of water on exhaust emissions on unmodified diesel engine propelled with biodiesel. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 40, 2511–2517. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1503756
  161. Reyes, J.F., Sepúlveda, M.A., 2006. PM-10 emissions and power of a Diesel engine fueled with crude and refined Biodiesel from salmon oil. Fuel 85, 1714–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2006.02.001
  162. Riyadi, T.W.B., Spraggon, M., Herawan, S.G., Idris, M., Paristiawan, P.A., Putra, N.R., R, M.F., Silambarasan, R., Veza, I., 2023. Biodiesel for HCCI engine: Prospects and challenges of sustainability biodiesel for energy transition. Results Eng. 17, 100916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100916
  163. Rochelle, D., Najafi, H., 2019. A review of the effect of biodiesel on gas turbine emissions and performance. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 105, 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.056
  164. Rosha, P., Mohapatra, S.K., Mahla, S.K., Cho, H., Chauhan, B.S., Dhir, A., 2019. Effect of compression ratio on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine fueled with palm (B20) biodiesel blend. Energy 178, 676–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.185
  165. Rozina, Chia, S.R., Ahmad, M., Sultana, S., Zafar, M., Asif, S., Bokhari, A., Nomanbhay, S., Mubashir, M., Khoo, K.S., Show, P.L., 2022. Green synthesis of biodiesel from Citrus medica seed oil using green nanoparticles of copper oxide. Fuel 323, 124285. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2022.124285
  166. Rudzki, K., Gomulka, P., Hoang, A.T., 2022. Optimization Model to Manage Ship Fuel Consumption and Navigation Time. Polish Marit. Res. 29, 141–153. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2022-0034
  167. Sajith, V., Sobhan, C.B., Peterson, G.P., 2010. Experimental investigations on the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additives on biodiesel. Adv. Mech. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/581407
  168. Sakthivel, G., Nagarajan, G., Ilangkumaran, M., Gaikwad, A.B., 2014. Comparative analysis of performance, emission and combustion parameters of diesel engine fuelled with ethyl ester of fish oil and its diesel blends. Fuel 132, 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2014.04.059
  169. Sakthivel, R., Ramesh, K., Purnachandran, R., Mohamed Shameer, P., 2018. A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 82, 2970–2992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.037
  170. Sani, S., Kaisan, M.U., Kulla, D.M., Obi, A.I., Jibrin, A., Ashok, B., 2018. Determination of physico chemical properties of biodiesel from Citrullus lanatus seeds oil and diesel blends. Ind. Crops Prod. 122, 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.002
  171. Saravanan, S., Nagarajan, G., Sampath, S., 2014. A correlation for the ignition delay of a CI engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel. Int. J. Green Energy 11, 542–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.777906
  172. Sarin, A., 2012. Biodiesel: production and properties. Royal Society of Chemistry
  173. Sathish, T., Ağbulut, Ü., George, S.M., Ramesh, K., Saravanan, R., Roberts, K.L., Sharma, P., Asif, M., Hoang, A.T., 2023. Waste to fuel: Synergetic effect of hybrid nanoparticle usage for the improvement of CI engine characteristics fuelled with waste fish oils. Energy 275, 127397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127397
  174. Semwal, S., Raj, T., Patel, A.K., Arora, A.K., Badoni, R.P., Singhania, R.R., 2022. Synthesis of Ca–Fe-based heterogeneous catalyst from waste shells and their application for transesterification of Jatropha oil. Syst. Microbiol. Biomanufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-022-00123-6
  175. Seraç, M.R., Aydın, S., Yılmaz, A., Şevik, S., 2020. Evaluation of comparative combustion, performance, and emission of soybean-based alternative biodiesel fuel blends in a CI engine. Renew. Energy 148, 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2019.10.090
  176. Serbin, S., Diasamidze, B., Gorbov, V., Kowalski, J., 2021. Investigations of the Emission Characteristics of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Operating Simultaneously on Liquid and Gaseous Fuels. Polish Marit. Res. 28, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2021-0025
  177. Shaafi, T., Sairam, K., Gopinath, A., Kumaresan, G., Velraj, R., 2015. Effect of dispersion of various nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with diesel, biodiesel and blends—a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 49, 563–573
  178. Shafiee, S., Topal, E., 2009. When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Energy Policy 37, 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.08.016
  179. Shah, P.R., 2015. Study the Effects of Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Agriculture Diesel Engine. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol
  180. Shahabuddin, M., Liaquat, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Mofijur, M., 2013. Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 21, 623–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2013.01.019
  181. Shaisundaram, V.S., Chandrasekaran, M., Shanmugam, M., Padmanabhan, S., Muraliraja, R., Karikalan, L., 2021. Investigation of Momordica charantia seed biodiesel with cerium oxide nanoparticle on CI engine. Int. J. Ambient Energy 42, 1615–1619. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2019.1611657
  182. Sharma, P., Balasubramanian, D., Thanh Khai, C., Papla Venugopal, I., Alruqi, M., Josephin JS, F., Sonthalia, A., Geo Varuvel, E., Khalife, E., Ravikumar, R., Wae-Hayee, M., 2023. Enhancing the performance of renewable biogas powered engine employing oxyhydrogen: Optimization with desirability and D-optimal design. Fuel 341, 127575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127575
  183. Sharma, P., Chhillar, A., Said, Z., Huang, Z., Nguyen, V.N., Nguyen, P.Q.P., Nguyen, X.P., 2022. Experimental investigations on efficiency and instability of combustion process in a diesel engine fueled with ternary blends of hydrogen peroxide additive/biodiesel/diesel. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 44, 5929–5950. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2022.2091692
  184. Shrivastava, P., Verma, T.N., Pugazhendhi, A., 2019. An experimental evaluation of engine performance and emisssion characteristics of CI engine operated with Roselle and Karanja biodiesel. Fuel 254, 115652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115652
  185. Silitonga, A.S., Hassan, M.H., Ong, H.C., Kusumo, F., 2017. Analysis of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with Jatropha curcas biodiesel-diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 25383–25405. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-017-0141-9/FIGURES/13
  186. Silviana, S., Anggoro, D.D., Hadiyanto, H., Salsabila, C.A., Aprilio, K., Utami, A.W., Sa’adah, A.N., Dalanta, F., 2022. A Review on the Recent Breakthrough Methods and Influential Parameters in the Biodiesel Synthesis and Purification. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 11, 1012–1036. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.43147
  187. Singh, D., Sharma, D., Soni, S.L., Inda, C.S., Sharma, S., Sharma, P.K., Jhalani, A., 2021. A comprehensive review of physicochemical properties, production process, performance and emissions characteristics of 2nd generation biodiesel feedstock: Jatropha curcas. Fuel. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119110
  188. Singh, D., Sharma, D., Soni, S.L., Sharma, S., Kumar Sharma, P., Jhalani, A., 2020. A review on feedstocks, production processes, and yield for different generations of biodiesel. Fuel 262, 116553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116553
  189. Singh, D., Sharma, D., Soni, S.L., Sharma, S., Kumari, D., 2019. Chemical compositions, properties, and standards for different generation biodiesels: A review. Fuel 253, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.174
  190. Sinha, D., Murugavelh, S., 2016. Biodiesel production from waste cotton seed oil using low cost catalyst: Engine performance and emission characteristics. Perspect. Sci. 8, 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PISC.2016.04.038
  191. Sivaramakrishnan, K., Ravikumar, P., 2014. Optimization of operational parameters on performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11, 949–958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0273-5
  192. Speight, J.G., 2011. An introduction to petroleum technology, economics, and politics. John Wiley & Sons
  193. Stelmasiak, Z., Larisch, J., Pielecha, J., Pietras, D., 2017. Particulate Matter Emission from Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas. Polish Marit. Res. 24, 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0055
  194. Su, B., Wang, L., Xue, Y., Yan, J., Dong, Z., Lin, H., Han, S., 2021. Effect of Pour Point Depressants Combined with Dispersants on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel‐Diesel Blends. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 98, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12456
  195. Sung, Y.J., Lee, J.S., Yoon, H.K., Ko, H., Sim, S.J., 2021. Outdoor cultivation of microalgae in a coal-fired power plant for conversion of flue gas CO2 into microalgal direct combustion fuels. Syst. Microbiol. biomanufacturing 1, 90–99
  196. Sunil, S., Chandra Prasad, B.S., Kakkeri, S., Suresha, 2021. Studies on titanium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additive for improving performance and combustion parameters of CI engine fueled with biodiesel blends. Mater. Today Proc. 44, 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.10.200
  197. Suresh, M., Jawahar, C.P., Richard, A., 2018. A review on biodiesel production, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of non-edible oils in variable compression ratio diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 92, 38–49
  198. Tamilselvan, P., Nallusamy, N., Rajkumar, S., 2017. A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 79, 1134–1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.176
  199. Temizer, İ., Cihan, Ö., Eskici, B., 2020. Numerical and experimental investigation of the effect of biodiesel/diesel fuel on combustion characteristics in CI engine. Fuel 270, 117523. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2020.117523
  200. Tesfa, B., Mishra, R., Gu, F., Powles, N., 2010. Prediction models for density and viscosity of biodiesel and their effects on fuel supply system in CI engines. Renew. Energy 35, 2752–2760. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2010.04.026
  201. Thangavelu, S.K., Ahmed, A.S., Ani, F.N., 2016. Impact of metals on corrosive behavior of biodiesel–diesel–ethanol (BDE) alternative fuel. Renew. Energy 94, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2016.03.015
  202. Tomar, M., Kumar, N., 2020. Influence of nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with diesel, biodiesel, and blends–a review. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1623347
  203. Truong, T.T., Nguyen, X.P., Pham, V.V., Le, V.V., Le, A.T., Bui, V.T., 2021. Effect of alcohol additives on diesel engine performance: a review. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.2011490
  204. Tuan Hoang, A., Nižetić, S., Chyuan Ong, H., Tarelko, W., Viet Pham, V., Hieu Le, T., Quang Chau, M., Phuong Nguyen, X., 2021. A review on application of artificial neural network (ANN) for performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-based fuels. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments 47, 101416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101416
  205. Uyumaz, A., 2018. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with mustard oil biodiesel fuel blends at different engine loads. Fuel 212, 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.005
  206. Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Yilmaz, E., Yamik, H., Polat, S., 2014. Experimental examination of the effects of military aviation fuel JP-8 and biodiesel fuel blends on the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion in a direct injection engine. Fuel Process. Technol. 128, 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUPROC.2014.07.013
  207. Vali, R.H., Hoang, A.T., Wani, M.M., Pali, H.S., Balasubramanian, D., Arıcı, M., Said, Z., Xuan Phuong Nguyen, 2022. Optimization of variable compression ratio diesel engine fueled with Zinc oxide nanoparticles and biodiesel emulsion using response surface methodology. Fuel 323, 124290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124290
  208. Vani, M.V., Basha, P.O., Rajesh, N., Riazunnisa, K., 2022. Development of Chlorella pyrenoidosa EMS mutants with enhanced biomass and lipid content for biofuel production. Syst. Microbiol. Biomanufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-022-00153-0
  209. Varatharajan, K., Cheralathan, M., 2012. Influence of fuel properties and composition on NOx emissions from biodiesel powered diesel engines: A review. Renew. Sustain. energy Rev. 16, 3702–3710
  210. Vellaiyan, S., Partheeban, C.M.A., 2018. Emission analysis of diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel and its water blends. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 40, 1956–1965. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1489911
  211. Venu, H., Madhavan, V., 2017. Influence of diethyl ether (DEE) addition in ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and methanol-biodiesel-diesel (MBD) blends in a diesel engine. Fuel 189, 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.101
  212. Venu, H., Madhavan, V., 2016. Effect of nano additives (titanium and zirconium oxides) and diethyl ether on biodiesel-ethanol fuelled CI engine. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 2016 305 30, 2361–2368. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12206-016-0446-5
  213. Venugopal, I.P., Balasubramanian, D., Rajarajan, A., 2021. Potential improvement in conventional diesel combustion mode on a common rail direct injection diesel engine with PODE/WCO blend as a high reactive fuel to achieve effective Soot-NOx trade-off. J. Clean. Prod. 327, 129495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129495
  214. Venugopal, I.P., Balasubramanian, D., Rajarajan, A., Suresh, K., 2023. Quantification of φ-operating range with impact of exhaust gas recirculation under low-temperature combustion mode with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether: A perspective study. J. Clean. Prod. 411, 137298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137298
  215. Verma, P., Sharma, M.P., 2015. Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 5, 245–250. https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v5i1.1963.g6491
  216. Veza, I., Karaoglan, A.D., Ileri, E., Kaulani, S.A., Tamaldin, N., Latiff, Z.A., Muhamad Said, M.F., Hoang, A.T., Yatish, K.V., Idris, M., 2022. Grasshopper optimization algorithm for diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 31, 101817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.101817
  217. Wei, L., Cheung, C.S., Ning, Z., 2018. Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Energy 155, 957–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.049
  218. Widayat, W., Maheswari, N.T., Fitriani, W., Buchori, L., Satriadi, H., Kusmiyati, K., Ngadi, N., 2023. Preparation of MgO-CaO/SiO2 catalyst from dolomite and geothermal solid waste for biodiesel production. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 12, 541–549. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.51573
  219. Yang, Z., Tan, Q., Geng, P., 2019. Combustion and Emissions Investigation on Low-Speed Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine with Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. Polish Marit. Res. 26, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0017
  220. Yilmaz, N., Atmanli, A., 2017. Experimental assessment of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-1-pentanol blends. Fuel 191, 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2016.11.065
  221. Yilmaz, N., Ileri, E., Atmanli, A., 2016. Performance of biodiesel/higher alcohols blends in a diesel engine. Int. J. Energy Res. 40, 1134–1143. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3513
  222. Yilmaz, N., Vigil, F.M., Benalil, K., Davis, S.M., Calva, A., 2014. Effect of biodiesel–butanol fuel blends on emissions and performance characteristics of a diesel engine. Fuel 135, 46–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2014.06.022
  223. Yubaidah, S., 2023. Cold Start Ability Test for Diesel Passenger Cars Using. AIP Conf. Proc. 2646, 050014
  224. Yuvarajan, D., Dinesh Babu, M., BeemKumar, N., Amith Kishore, P., 2018. Experimental investigation on the influence of titanium dioxide nanofluid on emission pattern of biodiesel in a diesel engine. Atmos. Pollut. Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.06.003
  225. Zare, A., Nabi, M.N., Bodisco, T.A., Hossain, F.M., Rahman, M.M., Chu Van, T., Ristovski, Z.D., Brown, R.J., 2017. Diesel engine emissions with oxygenated fuels: A comparative study into cold-start and hot-start operation. J. Clean. Prod. 162, 997–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.06.052
  226. Zare, A., Stevanovic, S., Jafari, M., Verma, P., Babaie, M., Yang, L., Rahman, M.M., Ristovski, Z.D., Brown, R.J., Bodisco, T.A., 2021. Analysis of cold-start NO2 and NOx emissions, and the NO2/NOx ratio in a diesel engine powered with different diesel-biodiesel blends. Environ. Pollut. 290, 118052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118052
  227. Zarrinkolah, M.T., Hosseini, V., 2022. Detailed Analysis of the Effects of Biodiesel Fraction Increase on the Combustion Stability and Characteristics of a Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Diesel-Biodiesel/Natural Gas Engine. Energies 2022, Vol. 15, Page 1094 15, 1094. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN15031094
  228. Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Ma, X., Awad, O.I., Li, Y., Shuai, S., Xu, H., 2020. Impact of injector tip deposits on gasoline direct injection engine combustion, fuel economy and emissions. Appl. Energy 262, 114538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114538
  229. Zhang, Z., Lv, J., Xie, G., Wang, S., Ye, Y., Huang, G., Tan, D., 2022. Effect of assisted hydrogen on combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel. Energy 254, 124269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124269
  230. Zullaikah, S., Putra, A.K., Fachrudin, F.H., Naulina, R.Y., Utami, S., Herminanto, R.P., Rachmaniah, O., Ju, Y.H., 2021. Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Non-Catalytic In-Situ Biodiesel Production from Rice Bran Using Response Surface Methodology Historical Data Design. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 10, 803–810. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34138
  231. Zulqarnain, Yusoff, M.H.M., Ayoub, M., Jusoh, N., Abdullah, A.Z., 2020. The challenges of a biodiesel implementation program in Malaysia. Processes 8, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101244
  232. Zuorro, A., García-Martínez, J.B., Barajas-Solano, A.F., 2020. The application of catalytic processes on the production of algae-based biofuels: A review. Catalysts 11, 22

Last update:

  1. Role of Green Logistics in the Construction of Sustainable Supply Chains

    Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham, Gia Huy Dinh, Hoang Thai Pham, Janusz Kozak, Hoang Phuong Nguyen. Polish Maritime Research, 30 (3), 2023. doi: 10.2478/pomr-2023-0052

  2. Biogas production and its utilization in internal combustion engines - A review

    Vinod Vasan, Naveen Venkatesh Sridharan, M. Feroskhan, Sugumaran Vaithiyanathan, Balaji Subramanian, Pei-Chien Tsai, Yuan-Chung Lin, Chyi-How Lay, Chin-Tsan Wang, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 186 , 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.04.014

  3. Exploring the feasibility of dimethyl ether (DME) and LPG fuel blend for small diesel engine: A simulation perspective

    Thoai Anh Nguyen, Thi Yen Pham, Huu Cuong Le, Van Giao Nguyen, Lan Huong Nguyen. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 13 (3), 2024. doi: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60250

  4. Nanotechnology-based biodiesel: A comprehensive review on production, and utilization in diesel engine as a substitute of diesel fuel

    Thanh Tuan Le, Minh Ho Tran, Quang Chien Nguyen, Huu Cuong Le, Van Quy Nguyen, Dao Nam Cao, Prabhu Paramasivam. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 13 (3), 2024. doi: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60126

  5. Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode

    Van Nhanh Nguyen, Swarup Kumar Nayak, Huu Son Le, Jerzy Kowalski, Balakrishnan Deepanraj, Xuan Quang Duong, Thanh Hai Truong, Viet Dung Tran, Dao Nam Cao, Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 49 , 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.09.130

Last update: 2024-04-27 01:34:02

No citation recorded.