skip to main content

Komposisi Rayap Dapat Menentukan Tingkat Ketergangguan Habitat : Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat

1Program Studi Agroekoteknologi Jurusan Budidaya Perkebunan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

2Program Studi Entomologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian IPB University, Indonesia

3Program Studi Entomologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian IPB University, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Received: 12 Jan 2022; Revised: 11 Mar 2022; Accepted: 30 Mar 2022; Available online: 12 Apr 2022; Published: 4 Jul 2022.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto

Citation Format:
Abstract

Transformasi habitat seperti pengalihan hutan alam ke bentuk habitat lain mempengaruhi aktivitas kehidupan organisme penting di dalamnya. Rayap merupakan organisme penting yang mempunyai peran sebagai dekomposer. Oleh sebab itu perlu dikaji dari komposisinya pada habitat-habitat dengan tingkat ketergangguan yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari komposisi rayap pada beberapa tingkat ketergangguan habitat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada empat tipe penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat, yaitu hutan alam, hutan kebun, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan permukiman. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasi di lapangan dan identifikasi spesies rayap di laboratorium. Untuk observasi, dilakukan di tiap habitat dengan petak pengamatan berukuran 50 m x 10 m. Satu petak pengamatan dibagi dalam sub petak pengamatan dengan ukuran 5 m x 5 m sehingga diperoleh 20 sub petak pengamatan. Setiap sub petak pengamatan dilakukan survei selama 30 menit, sehingga total untuk satu petak pengamatan adalah 600 menit atau 10 jam. Identifikasi rayap dilakukan di laboratorium dengan berpedoman pada beberapa kunci identifikasi spesies rayap. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan 14 spesies rayap pada beberapa habitat di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Hasil analisis terhadap feeding group, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kekayaan dan dominansinya menunjukkan habitat hutan alam dan hutan kebun cenderung memiliki kedekatan komposisi rayap yang lebih dekat daripada komposisi rayap yang ada di perkebunan kelapa sawit dan permukiman, kemudian komposisi rayap di perkebunan kelapa sawit dan permukiman memiliki tingkat kesamaan yang lebih dekat pula.

ABSTRACT

The transformation of habitats such as natural forests to other forms of habitat affects the life activities of important organisms in them. Termites are important organisms that have a role as decomposers. Therefore, it is necessary to study its composition in habitats with varying levels of disturbance. This study aims to study the composition of termites at several levels of habitat disturbance. This research was conducted on four types of land use in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, namely natural forest, secondary forest, oil palm plantation, and settlement. The research was conducted by observing in the field and finding termite species in the laboratory. For observations, conducted in each habitat with an observation plot measuring 50 m x 10 m. One observation plot in the observation sub-plot with a size of 5 m x 5 m in order to obtain 20 observation sub-plots. Each sub-plot was observed for 30 minutes, so that the total observations in one plot were 600 minutes or 10 hours. Termite identification is carried out in the laboratory based on several key termite discoveries. In this study, 14 species of termites were found in several habitats in Dharmasraya Regency. The results of the analysis of food groups, diversity index, richness index and dominance showed that natural forest and secondary forest tended to have closer proximity than the composition of termites in oil palm plantations and settlement and the composition of termites in oil palm plantations and settlement had high levels of even closer similarities.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: composition; termites; land use type; disturbed habitat

Article Metrics:

  1. Ahmad, M. 1958. Key to the Indomalayan Termites. University of the Punjabi, Lahore
  2. Ahmed, J.B, dan Pradhan, B. 2018. Termite mounds as bio-indicators of groundwater: Prospects and constraints. Pertanika J Sci Technol 26 (2): 479-498
  3. Avitabile, S.C., Dale, G.N., Andrew, F.B., Clarke, M.F. 2015. Termites are resistant to the effects of fire at multiple spatial scales. Plos One 10 (11): e0140114. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140114
  4. Bignell, D.E. dan Eggleton, P. 2000. Termites in ecosystems. In: Abe MH, Bignell DE (eds). Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
  5. Davies, A.B., van Rensburg, B.J., Eggleton, P., Parr, C.L.. 2013. Interactive effects of fire, rainfall, and litter quality on decomposition in savannas: Frequent fire leads to contrasting effects. Ecosystems 16: 866-880. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9657-0
  6. Davies, A.B., Philip, G.B., Catherine, L.P., Gregory, P.A. 2020. Resistance of mound-building termites to anthropogenic land-use change. Environ Res Lett 15: 094038. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aba0ff
  7. Dosso, K., Kolo, Y., Souleymane, K., Karl, E.L. 2012. Importance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation in central Côte d’Ivoire: Comparison of termite assemblages between two neighboring areas under differing levels of disturbance. J Insect Sci 12: 131. DOI: 10.1673/031.012.13101
  8. Ewers, R.M., Boyle, M.J.W., Gleave, R.A., Plowman, N.S., Benedick, S., Bernard, H., Bishop, T.R., Bakhtiar, E.Y., Chey, V.K., Chung, A.Y.C. 2015. Logging cuts the functional importance of invertebrates in tropical rainforest. Nat Commun 6:6836
  9. Hardwick, S.R., Toumi, R., Pfeifer, M., Turner, E.C., Nilus, R., Ewers, R.M. 2015. The relationship between leaf area index and microclimate in tropical forest and oil palm plantation: forest disturbance drives changes in microclimate. Agric For Meteorol 201: 187-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.010
  10. Hidayat, M.R., Wahyu, M.E., Yulia, D. 2018. Effect of a rubber plantation on termite diversity in Melawi, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Agric Nat Res 52 (5): 439-444. DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2018.10.016
  11. Houston, W.A., Wormington, K.R., Black, R.L. 2015. Termite (Isoptera) diversity of riparian forests, adjacent woodlands and cleared pastures in tropical eastern Australia. Austral Entomol 54: 221-230. DOI 10.1111/aen.12115
  12. Jones, D.T., Verkerk, R.H.J., Eggleton, P. 2005. Methods for sampling termites. Leather SR (eds.). Insect Sampling in Forest Ecosystems. Blackwell, Malden
  13. Li, H.F., Lan, Y.C., Fujisaki, I., Kanzaki, N., Lee, H.J., Su, N.Y. 2015. Termite assemblage pattern and niche partitioning in a tropical forest ecosystem. Environ Entomol 44: 546-556. DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv038
  14. Materu, C., Jacob, Y., Bruno, N. 2013. Seasonal changes on termite foraging behaviour under different habitats in Rufiji District Tanzania. J Biol Agric Healthc 3(11): 6-11. DOI: pdf/234659033.pdf
  15. Muvengwi, J., Monicah, M., Hilton, G.T., George, N., Polite, N. 2017. Termite diversity along a land use intensification gradient in a semi-arid savanna. J Insect Conserv 21: 801-812. DOI: 10.1007/s10841-017-0019-7
  16. Nandika, D., Rismayadi, Y., Diba, F. 2003. Rayap, Biologi dan Pengendaliannya. Muhammadiyah University Press, Surakarta. [Indonesian]
  17. Neoh, K.B., Bong, L.J., Muhammad, A., Itoh, M., Kozan, O., Takematsu, Y., Yoshimura. 2016. The impact of tropical peat fire on termite assemblage in Sumatra, Indonesia: Reduced complexity of community structure and survival strategies. Environ Entomol 45 (5): 1170-1177. DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw116
  18. Noirot, C., Darlington, J. 2000. Termite nests: Architecture, regulation and defence. In: Abe T, Bignell DE, Higashi M (eds). Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Amsterdam
  19. Nyirenda, H., Emeline, P.S., Paxie, W.C., Coert, G., Francis, W.N. 2019. The effect of land use change and management on the vegetation characteristics and termite distribution in Malawian Miombo woodland agroecosystem. Agroforest Syst 93 (6): 1-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-019-00358-8
  20. Sholih, M.D. 2017. Keanekaragaman spesies dan layanan ekosistem rayap dan semut pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan di Jambi. [Thesis]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesian]
  21. Syaukani. 2006. A Guide to the Nasus Termites (Nasutitermitinae, Termitidae) of Kerinci Seblat National Park Sumatera. Mitra Barokah Abadi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  22. Syaukani. 2014. Biosystematics of Hospitalitermes hospitalis Holmgren (Isoptera) from Borneo. Proceedings of The 4th Annual International Conference Syiah Kuala University (AIC Unsyiah) 2014 In conjunction with The 9th Annual International Workshop and Expo on Sumatra Disaster Tsunami Disaster and Recovery AIWEST-DR 2014. Banda Aceh, Indonesia, October 22-24, 2014
  23. Syaukani., Thompson, G.J., Zettel, H., Pribadi, T. 2016. A new species of open-air processional column termite Hospitalitermes nigriantennalis sp.n. (Termitidae), from Borneo. Zookeys 554: 27-38. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.554.6306
  24. Tho, Y.P. 1992. Termites of Peninsular Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Kuala Lumpur

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-20 17:38:23

No citation recorded.