DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.494-507

Pemanfaatan Scrap Besi Menjadi Copperas dan Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan untuk Pembuatan Nanopartikel Besi yang Ramah Lingkungan

1Program Studi Analis Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Setia Budi, Indonesia

2Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Setia Budi, Indonesia

3Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Setia Budi, Indonesia

Received: 30 Jan 2022; Revised: 6 Mar 2022; Accepted: 12 Mar 2022; Available online: 20 Mar 2022; Published: 4 Jul 2022.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pembuatan nanopartikel besi telah menjadi perhatian karena efisiensinya pada penghilangan beberapa jenis zat pencemar. Zat-zat pencemar yang dapat diolah dengan nanopartikel besi antara lain senyawa azo, pelarut terklorinasi, pestisida terklorinasi, anion anorganik dan logam transisi, polutan organik dan anorganik, logam berat, nitrat, bromida, arsen, kromium, timbal, antibiotik,  dan pewarna. Pada umumnya, pembuatan nanopartikel besi dilakukan dengan mereduksi besi bermuatan tiga/dua dengan natrium tetra borana, NaBH4. Pembuatan nnanopartikel besi menggunakan NaBH4 menghasilkan produk samping berupa asam borat yang beracun dan gas hidrogen yang mudah meledak atau terbakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat nanopartikel besi dengan memanfaatkan limbah scrap besi menjadi copperas kemudian mereaksikan dengan ekstrak kulit rambutan. Metode yang dilakukan adalah mereaksikan scrap besi dengan asam sulfat sampai terbentuk copperas yang berwarna biru kehijauan. Copperas yang dihasilkan dibuat menjadi larutan kemudian direksikan dengan ekstrak kulit rambutan. Larutan hitam yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan TEM. Larutan berwarna hitam dikeringkan dengan cara spray drying kemudian serbuk nanopartikel besi dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa scrap besi dapat dibuat menjadi copperas dengan kadar Fe 22,09%. Ekstrak kulit rambutan mengandung kadar fenol total 877,39 ± 16,6 ppm/100 g kulit rambutan atau setara dengan 441,42 mg GAE/100 g kulit rambutan. Nanopartikel besi berhasil dibuat dari copperas dari scrap besi dan ekstrak kulit rambutan yang mempunyai karakter Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) pada serapan 214 nm, ukuran partikel 5-20 nm  dalam bentuk larutan dan 20-70 nm dalam bentuk serbuk. Hasil ini bisa menjadi alternatif produksi nanopartikel besi  suatu material bermanfaat untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan.       

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the manufacture of iron nanoparticles has become a concern because of its efficiency in removing several types of contaminants. Pollutants that can be treated with iron nanoparticles include azo compounds, chlorinated solvents, chlorinated pesticides, inorganic anions and transition metals, organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, nitrates, bromides, arsenic, chromium, lead, antibiotics, and dyes. In general, the manufacture of iron nanoparticles is carried out by reducing three/two charged iron with sodium tetra borane, NaBH4. The manufacture of iron nanoparticles using NaBH4 produces toxic by-products in the form of boric acid and hydrogen gas which is flammable or explosive. This study aims to make iron nanoparticles by utilizing scrap iron waste into copperas then reacting it with rambutan peel extract. The method used is to react iron scrap with sulfuric acid to form copperas which is blue-green in color. The resulting copperas were made into a solution and then treated with rambutan peel extract. The resulting black solution was characterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and TEM. The black solution was dried by spray drying and then the powdered iron nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The results showed that iron scrap can be synthesized into ferrous sulfate with 22.09% Fe content. Rambutan peel extract contains a total phenol content of 877.39 ± 16.6 ppm/100 g rambutan peel or equivalent to 441.42 mg GAE/100 g rambutan peel. Iron nanoparticles were successfully made from copperas from iron scrap and rambutan peel extract with the characteristics of having Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at an absorption of 214 nm, particle size of 5-20 nm in solution form and 20-70 nm in powder form. This result can be an alternative for the production of iron nanoparticles, a useful material to prevent environmental pollution.

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Keywords: Scrap besi; ekstrak kulit rambutan; nanopartikel besi; ramah lingkungan.

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Last update: 2024-11-21 22:05:28

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