DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.2.420-430

Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Tambak Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) untuk Budidaya Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa, Linneus 1758)

1Departement of Aquaculture, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia

2Departemen Budidaya Perairan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia

Received: 29 Sep 2022; Revised: 10 Feb 2023; Accepted: 2 Mar 2023; Available online: 27 Mar 2023; Published: 5 Apr 2023.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Budidaya udang vaname di tambak dilakukan semakin intensif untuk memenuhi tingginya permintaan. Intensifitas kegiatan budidaya menyebabkan peningkatan beban limbah yang dihasilkan. Limbah tambak udang berupa dalam bentuk padatan lumpur organik dan senyawa-senyawa nutrien terutama nitrogen dan fosfor dalam jumlah yang tinggi. Tingginya kandungan limbah ini menyebabkan permasalahan bagi lingkungan perairan diantaranya yaitu pertumbuhan pesat mikroalga. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan budidaya udang di tambak perlu diatasi diantaranya dengan memanfaatkan limbah tersebut untuk budidaya kerang darah. Kerang darah merupakan organisme filter feeder dan detritus feeder yang hidup pada substrat lumpur dengan pakan utamanya yaitu mikroalga. Kerang darah juga menyerap detritus yang mengandung senyawa nutrien untuk pertumbuhan. Limbah tambak udang yang mengandung lumpur dan senyawa nutrien berpotensi digunakan untuk budidaya kerang darah. Budidaya kerang darah dapat dlakukan dengan cara co-culture dengan udang vaname pada tambak produksi udang, pemeliharaan kerang darah pada tambak IPAL udang atau menempatkan limbah tambak udang pada tambak budidaya kerang darah. Upaya pemanfaatan limbah tambak ini selain untuk meminimalisasi dampak limbah bagi lingkungan juga meningkatkan produktivitas kerang darah.
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Keywords: Limbah tambak udang, lumpur, senyawa nutrien, budidaya, kerang darah, filter feeder, detritus feeder

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