Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygention (ECMO) Pada Pasien Bedah Jantung Dewasa

*Mujahidin Mujahidin  -  Fellow Anestesi Kardiovaskular, Magister Kesehatan RSPJN Harapan Kita, Indonesia
Published: 1 Nov 2016.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Article Info
Section: Tinjauan Pustaka
Language: ID
In Vol 8, No 3 (2016): Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia
Statistics: 637 3155
Abstract

Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) merupakan suatu tindakan medis yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan oksigenasi dan eliminasi dari karbon dioksida yang adekuat untuk mengembalikan fungsi pernapasan yang sudah terganggu. ECLS terdiri dari beberapa jenis, yaitu Extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA), Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECOO2R), and Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Wabah virus H1N1 (flu babi) yang terjadi pada tahun 2009 dan 2010 menjadikan penggunaan ECMO menjadi popular. ECMO menggunakan teknologi yang diturunkan dari penggunaan cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) yang memungkinkan terjadinya pertukaran gas di luar tubuh, penggunaannya lebih praktis dan dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Indikasi penggunaan ECMO pada pasien dengan permasalahan jantung dan paru yang berat yang tidak respon terhadap terapi konvensional, permasalahan seperti acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock kardiogenik yang berulang atau henti jantung. Circuit ECMO terdiiri dari 3 pengaturan yang memiliki fitur masing-masing, yaitu veno-arterial ECMO, Veno-venous ECMO dan arterio-venous ECM). Survival rate penggunaan ECMO pada gagal napas akut berkisar antara 50-70 persen, tetapi belum cukup untuk menjadikan ECMO sebagai rekomendasi umum penatalaksanaan gagal napas akut, tetapi penggunaan ECMO dapat dipertimbangkan jika terapi lainnya gagal. Pemahaman tentang ECMO yang semakin meningkat menjanjikan luaran yang lebih .

Keywords: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); veno-venous ECMO; arterio-venous ECMO

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