DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jai.v0i0.47963

Covid-19 with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Based on Two Cases in Diponegoro National Hospital

1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

3Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Theraphy, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

4 Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

View all affiliations
Received: 29 Jul 2022; Published: 31 Jul 2023.
Open Access Copyright 2021 JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia)

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has become pandemic in the world with a board spectrum of clinical presentation. Secondary infection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Case: We reported two COVID-19 patients with MRSA hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) of Diponegoro National Hospital. The first patient was 61-year-old woman that was referred from another hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome and had been intubated. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were known as comorbid. On day 4 of treatment in ICU, blood culture results showed MRSA infection and antibiotic therapy was replaced with Vancomycin. The patient had clinical improvement and was discharge from the hospital on the 36th day of treatment. The second one was 51-year-old woman admitted with probable COVID-19, type II Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension. On day 9th the patient was transferred to ICU because of respiratory failure, blood culture on day 15th show a result of MRSA and antibiotic therapy was replaced with vancomycin. She declined intubation procedures and died on day 20.

Discussion: Antibiotic resistance has become one of the important things in infection management in the world. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) cause treatment failure which increases the risk of death and cost. MRSA has become one of the most important MDR bacteria during the last decade causing severe infections in health facilities. Complications of bacterial infection in COVID-19, especially bacteremia increases the severity and mortality of severe patients.

Conclusion: Coinfection of MRSA in COVID-19 patients can affect the clinical outcome. One of important risk factor is history or prolonged hospitalized. Other factors are comorbidity of the patient and appropriate therapy is needed to reduce mortality in Intensive Care Unit.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  common.other
CTA
Subject
Type Other
  Download (199KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; infection; methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Case Reports
Language : EN
Recent articles
SWOT Analisis Pelayanan Klinik Nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang Tatalaksana Badai Tiroid dan Aritmia di ICU: Serial Kasus Tatalaksana ICU pada Pasien Pasca Laminektomi Servikal dengan Kesulitan Weaning dan Ekstubasi Epidural Labor Analgesia pada Ibu Hamil dengan Blok Total Atrioventrikuler yang Terinfeksi Coronavisrus Disease–19 (COVID-19) More recent articles
Most cited articles
Patofisiologi Penyakit Jantung Koroner Midazolam Intravena Dosis Rendah Tidak Mempengaruhi Nitric Oxide Intraperitoneal Mencit Balb/C Yang Terpapar Lipopolisakarida More cited articles
  1. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome- related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(March):536–44
  2. World Health Organization. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update 22. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2021;(January):1–3. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/weekly_epidemiological_update_22.pdf
  3. Yang L, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wan X, Huang B, et al. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther [Internet]. 2020;5(1):1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2
  4. Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS. Co-infections in people with COVID-19 : a systematic review and. J Infect [Internet]. 2021;81(2):266–75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046
  5. Bassetti M, Magnasco L, Vena A, Portunato F, Giacobbe DR. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lung infection in coronavirus disease 2019: how common? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022;35(2):149–62
  6. Cusumano JA, Dupper AC, Malik Y, Gavioli EM, Banga J, Caban AB, et al. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Patients Infected With COVID-19 : A Case Series. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;5–11
  7. Spoto S, Valeriani E, Riva E, Cesaris M De, Tonini G, Vincenzi B, et al. A Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection on a COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Breast Cancer Patient. Int J Gen Med. 2020;13:729–33
  8. Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhou X, Li X, et al. Risks and features of secondary infections in severe and critical ill COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9
  9. Yang A, Liu J, Tao W, Li H. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR , d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunol. 2020;84(January)
  10. Liu J, Liu Y, Xiang P, Pu L, Xiong H, Li C, et al. Neutrophil ‑ to ‑ lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2020;1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02374-0
  11. Wang L. C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Med Mal Infect [Internet]. 2020;50(4):332–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.007
  12. Herold T, Jurinovic V, Arnreich C, Lipworth BJ. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1)
  13. Sharifpour M, Rangaraju S, Liu M, Id DA. C-Reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;20:1–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242400
  14. Stringer D, Braude P, Myint PK, Evans L, Collins JT, Verduri A, et al. The role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic marker in COVID-19. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(2):420–9
  15. Guo L, Ren L, Yang S, Xiao M, Chang D, Yang F, et al. Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):778–85
  16. Hayiroglu MI, Cinar T, Tekkesin AI. Fibrinogen and D-dimer variances and anticoagulation recommendations in Covid-19: Current literature review. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2020;66(6):842–8
  17. Ceccarelli M, Paolucci IA, Cacopardo B, Condorelli F, Rullo EV, Costantino MRLP. MRSA detection in South Italy : an epidemiological survey to evaluate the burden of this important public health issue. Infect Dis Med. 2018;4(3):1–5
  18. Punjabi C, Madaline T, Gendlina I, Chen V, Nori P, Pirofski LA. Prevalence of MRSA in Respiratory cultures and Diagnostic Performance of the MRSA Nasal PCR in Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;2019:1–2
  19. Stacey HJ, Clements CS, Welburn SC, Jones JD. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol [Internet]. 2019;56(8):907–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01301-0
  20. Sepulveda J, Westblade LF, Whittier S, Satlin MJ, Greendyke WG, Aaron JG, et al. Bacteremia and blood culture utilization during COVID-19 surge in New York city. J Clin Microbiol. 2020 Jul 23;58(8):e00875-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00875-20
  21. Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Could Respiratory Fluoroquinolones, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, Prove to be Beneficial as an Adjunct Treatment in COVID-19? Arch Med Res. 2020;51(7):741–2
  22. Chetow D, Memoli M. Bacterial Coinfection in Influenza A Grand Rounds Review. JAMA. 2013;309(3):275–82
  23. Jia L, Xie J, Zhao J, Cao D, Liang Y, Hou X. Mechanisms of Severe Mortality-Associated Bacterial Co-infections Following Influenza Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Aug 3;7:338. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00338
  24. Bhatti JM, Raza SA, Shahid MO, Akhtar A, Ahmed T, Das B. Association between glycemic control and the outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Endocrine. 2022;77(2):213–20
  25. Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(7):19–20

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-05 12:34:19

No citation recorded.