Faktor Lingkungan dan Praktik Masyarakat Berkaitan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kabupaten Semarang

Abstract

Latar belakang: Perkembangan suatu penyakit infeksi di suatu daerah tergantung pada terdapatnya manusia yang rentan dan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai bagi kehidupan mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit, salah satunya adalah penyakit filariasis (kaki gajah). Penyakit filariasis disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing filaria yang ditularkan oleh gigitan nyamuk. Kementrian Kesehatan menetapkan Kabupaten Semarang sebagai daerah endemis filariasis tahun 2015 menyusul beberapa daerah di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang lebih awal sudah  menjadi endemis.

Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan sampel sebanyak 45 orang yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling dan tersebar dalam wilayah kerja 6 puskesmas di Kabupaten Semarang. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi faktor lingkungan dan praktik masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif.

Hasil : Nyamuk hasil survei entomologi  yang berhasil diidentifikasi terdiri dari  spesies Culex quinquefasciatus 83,5% dan Aedes aegypti 16,5% serta hasil bedah tidak ditemukan nyamuk yang positif mengandung larva mikrofilaria. Responden yang ditemukan breeding place di sekitar rumahnya sebanyak 64,4% dan 35, % tidak ditemukan breeding place. responden yang ditemukan resting place di sekitar rumahnya sebanyak 60 % dan 40% tidak ditemukan resting place. sebanyak 26,7% responden melakukan praktik keluar rumah pada malam hari dan 73,3% tidak melakukan praktik keluar rumah.

Simpulan : Hasil survey entomologi didominasi nyamuk spesies Culex quinquefasciatus dan tidak ditemukan larva filaria saat pembedahan nyamuk, sekitar rumah responden masih banyak ditemukan breeding place dan resting place. Sebagian besar responden tidak  keluar pada malam hari.

ABSTRACT

Title: Environmental and Practice Factor  Related to Filariasis Incidence in Semarang Regency

Background: The spreading of infectious disease in an area depends on the presence of susceptible humans and suitable environmental conditions for  the microorganisms that cause disease to live, one of which is filariasis (elephantiasis). Filariasis is caused by infectious filarial worm that are transmitted through mosquitos. The Ministry of Health (MoH) stipulated Semarang Regency as one of filariasis endemic areas in 2015, following other several areas in Central Java Province that have become endemic earlier.

Methods : This research is a descriptive observational research, with 45 respondents had been observed as a sample. They were selected by purposive sampling method spread in 6 work areas of public health centers (Puskesmas) in Semarang Regency. Finger blood examination and mosquitoes dissesction ware conducted to determne mosquitoe species and infected status. Data was analyzed descriptively.

Results : An entomological survey identified two species of mosquitos, consisted of 83.5% was Culex quinquefasciatus and 16.5% was Aedes aegypti. Moreover no mosquitoes were found that positively contained microfilariae larvae. Result from the observation showed 64.4% of respondents’ house were detected a breeding place, and 35% were not detected. Respondents’ house that were detected resting place  as much as 60%, and 40% were not. Meanwhile, 26.7% of respondents were practicing outside house at night, and 73.3% were not.

Conclusion : The entomological survey results were dominated by mosquitoes from Culex quinquefasciatus species and did not find filaria larvae during mosquito surgery. However, there were still many breeding places and resting places around the respondents’ house. Most of respondents did not leave at night.