DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.19.2.152-159

Keberadaan Perokok dalam Rumah sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia pada Anak: Suatu Kajian Sistematik

1Mahasiswa S-1 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Bagian Kesehatan Lingkungan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2020 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada anak di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah adanya pajanan asap rokok lingkungan (environmental tobacco smoke, ETS) yang berasal dari adanya perokok dalam rumah. Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan menggambarkan hubungan keberadaan perokok dalam rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada anak.

Metode: Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui database Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, dan ProQuest, pada bulan Mei 2020. Kriteria inklusi adalah penelitian dengan desain studi observasional dan fokus pada hubungan pajanan asap rokok dengan pneumonia pada anak, yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2000-2020.

Hasil: Terdapat 8 artikel yang dikaji. Salah satu artikel melakukan pengukuran CCR (Cotinine/creatinine ratio) urin. Faktor terkait pajanan asap rokok yang terbukti berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko pneumonia adalah adanya anggota keluarga yang merokok, lokasi merokok berada di dalam rumah, adanya bau tembakau di dalam ruangan, pajanan asap rokok pada masa prenatal terutama ibu yang merokok pada masa kehamilan, dan usia anak pada saat terpajan asap rokok.

Simpulan: Keberadaan perokok dalam rumah meningkatkan risiko pneumonia pada anak, dengan kisaran 1,2-6,7

 

ABSTRACT

Title: The existence of smokers in the home as a risk factor of pneumonia in children:  A systematic review

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. One of the risk factors that need an attention is exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) from the smoker in the house. The purpose of this systematic study is to describe relationship between the presence of smokers in the house and pneumonia in children.

Methods: The literature search was carried out through the database of Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, which were conducted in May 2020. The inclusion criteria are observational research designs and focus on the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke and pneumonia in children that were published between 2000 and 2020.

Results: Eight articles were selected for review. One of the articles has measured urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR). Factors related to the exposure to tobacco smoke which is proven to be associated with an increase risk of pneumonia in children were the presence of family members who smoke, location of smoking in the house, the smell of tobacco in the room, exposure to tobacco smoke during the prenatal period especially maternal smoking, and the age of the child when exposed to tobacco smoke.

Conclusion: The presence of smokers in the home increases the risk of pneumonia in children, with a ranges between 1.2-6.7

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Keywords: Perokok dalam rumah; Faktor risiko; Pneumonia pada anak

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Language : ID
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