Praktek Pengelolaan dan Pemusnahan Limbah Obat pada Sarana Pelayanan Farmasi Komunitas Wilayah Bandung Timur

Abstract

Latar belakang: Limbah farmasi sebagai salah satu penyebab pencemaran lingkungan masih menjadi masalah dilematis pada sarana pelayanan farmasi komunitas dimana obat harus dimusnahkan secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian pengelolaan dan pemusnahan limbah obat pada sarana farmasi komunitas wilayah Bandung Timur.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung dan wawancara pada bulan April – September 2021. Responden merupakan penanggung jawab kegiatan pengelolaan dan pemusnahan limbah obat pada 47 sarana farmasi yang terdiri dari apotek dan klinik pratama yang ditentukan secara accidental sampling. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif mencakup karakteristik limbah obat dan gambaran kesesuaian pengelolaan dan pemusnahan obat.

Hasil: Semua sarana hanya menghasilkan limbah obat golongan obat keras, obat OTC, obat tradisional dengan bentuk sediaan solid mendominasi sebanyak rerata 330,2 item (41,9 g). Kegiatan pemusnahan limbah obat dilakukan secara mandiri sebesar 85,7% sedangkan 13,3 % penanganan dilakukan dengan cara diserahkan ke pihak lain. Sebagian besar sarana farmasi belum melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga. Sebesar 59,6% sarana telah memiliki alur pengelolaan limbah yang sesuai sedangkan sebelas apotek dan tiga klinik pratama memiliki alur penanganan limbah obat yang tidak sesuai.

Simpulan: Separuh lebih sarana farmasi telah memiliki alur pengelolaan limbah sesuai Pedoman Pengelolaan Limbah Obat Rusak dan Kadaluarsa di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan tahun 2021 namun diperlukan sinkronisasi dengan pedoman layanan farmasi yang lain serta sosialisasi kepada pengelola. Apoteker sebagai pengelola perbekalan farmasi perlu mendapat daya dukung yang baik dalam menangani limbah obat secara professional.

Title: Suitability of Practices for Management and Destruction of Drug Waste in Community Pharmacy Service Facilities in the East Bandung Region

Background: Pharmaceutical waste as one of the causes of environmental pollution is still a dilemma for community pharmacy service facilities where drugs must be destroyed independently. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of the management and destruction of drug waste in community pharmacy facilities in the East Bandung area.

Method: This research was a descriptive study conducted through direct observation and interviews in April – September 2021. Respondents were responsible for the management and destruction of drug waste at 47 pharmaceutical facilities consisting of pharmacies and primary clinics determined by accidental sampling. The data was processed and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively including the characteristics of drug waste and a description of the suitability of the management and destruction of drugs.

Result: All facilities only produce solid drug, OTC drugs,and traditional medicines waste with solid dosage forms dominating an average of 330.2 items (41.9 g). The activity of destroying drug waste is carried out independently by 85.7%, while 13.3% of handling is carried out by handing it over to other parties. Most of the pharmaceutical facilities have not collaborated with third parties. As many as 59.6% of the facilities had appropriate waste management lines, while eleven pharmacies and three primary clinics had inappropriate drug waste management lines.

Conclusion: More than half of pharmaceutical facilities already have a waste management flow in accordance with the Guidelines for Waste Management of Damaged and Expired Drugs in Health Service Facilities in 2021, but synchronization with other pharmaceutical service guidelines and socialization to managers is required. Pharmacists as managers of pharmaceutical supplies need to have good support in dealing with drug waste in a professional manner.