DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.72728

Hubungan Penerapan Personal hygiene dan Kondisi Lingkungan dengan Potensi Penularan Skabies

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. DR. Soepomo Sh, Warungboto, Kec. Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang: Salah satu penyakit tropis terabaikan yang cukup umum, terutama di tempat-tempat dengan sanitasi yang buruk, adalah kudis atau scabies. Kontak langsung kulit ke kulit dan pertukaran pakaian dan handuk yang terinfeksi adalah dua cara penyakit ini dapat menyebar dengan cepat. Anak-anak di sekolah sangat rentan terhadap kudis, yang dapat berdampak pada prestasi akademik dan kualitas hidup mereka secara keseluruhan. Kebersihan pribadi yang tidak memadai dan lingkungan yang tidak sehat pada siswa sekolah dasar dapat menimbulkan  potensi tinggi terhadap penularan scabies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana hubungan antara personal hygiene dan kondisi lingkungan terhadap potensi penularan skabies..

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi cross-sectional dan desain analitik observasional. Sebanyak 54 siswa di kelas tiga hingga enam yang dipilih melalui total sampling menjadi sampel. Kuesioner yang telah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Dalam analisis bivariat, digunakan uji Chi-Square, dan dalam analisis multivariat, digunakan teknik regresi logistik.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebersihan badan (p=0,014; PR=4,571), kebersihan tangan (p=0,025; PR=3,837), kebersihan handuk (p=0,006; PR=4.792) dan kontak fisik (p=0,025; PR=3,837) memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian skabies. Sedangkan kebersihan pakaian (p=0.206) dan kebersihan air (p=0.416) tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian skabies. Faktor paling berhubungan adalah kebersihan handuk (Exp(B)=9.587; p=0,038).

Simpulan: Personal hygiene yang buruk berkontribusi terhadap penularan skabies. Edukasi kebersihan diri, peningkatan fasilitas sanitasi, dan perbaikan lingkungan sekolah diperlukan untuk menurunkan angka kejadian skabies.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: The Relationship Between Personal hygiene Practices and Environmental Conditions with the Potential for Scabies Transmission

Background: This neglected tropical disease was widespread, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation. The illness spread rapidly through direct skin-to-skin contact and the sharing of contaminated clothing and towels. School-age children were especially susceptible to scabies, which affected both their academic performance and overall well-being. The potential for scabies transmission can be caused by inadequate personal hygiene and an unhealthy environment in elementary school students.. This study aimed to examine the relationship between environmental factors, personal hygiene, with the likelihood of scabies transmission.

Method: An observational analytical design and a cross-sectional approach were employed in this study. A total of 54 pupils in grades three through six were selected as samples using total sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability assessments. The Chi-Square test was used for the bivariate analysis, while the logistic regression approach was applied in the multivariate analysis.

Result: The findings showed that the incidence of scabies was associated with body hygiene (p=0.014; PR=4.571), hand hygiene (p=0.025; PR=3.8367), towel hygiene (p=0.006; PR=4.792), and physical contact (p=0.025; PR=3.8367). However, no significant correlation was found between the incidence of scabies and water hygiene (p=0.416) or garment hygiene (p=0.206). Towel hygiene was identified as the most relevant factor (Exp(B)=9.587; p=0.038).

Conclusion: Poor personal hygiene contributed to scabies transmission. Personal hygiene education, improved sanitation facilities, and school environmental improvements were necessary to reduce the incidence of scabies.

 

 

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Turnitin
Turnitin
Subject
Type Turnitin
  Download (3MB)    Indexing metadata
 CTA
Copyrigh Transfer Agreement
Subject
Type CTA
  Download (187KB)    Indexing metadata
 ES
Etichal Statement
Subject
Type ES
  Download (266KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Kondisi-Lingkungan; Personal-ygiene; Sekolah-Dasar; Skabies

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Analisis Cemaran Mikroba E. Coli dan Total Koliform Pada Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang: Studi Kasus di Pulo Gadung, Jakarta Timur Analisis Karakteristik Sampah Puntung Rokok dan Penilaian Indeks Cigarette Butt Pollution Index (CBPI) Di Pesisir Kabupaten Malang Selatan, Jawa Timur Bioremediasi Limbah Cair Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Eco Enzim Fermentasi Kulit Buah Polusi Udara dan Dermatitis Atopik: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur More recent articles
Most cited articles
Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gejala Neurotoksik Akibat Paparan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayuran Di Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok Hubungan Pajanan Pestisida dengan Gangguan Keseimbangan Tubuh Petani Hortikultura di Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang Analisi Faktor Risiko Malaria Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sarmi Kota, Kabupaten Sarmi, Tahun 2012 Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Filariasis Pada Daerah Endemis Filariasis di Kecamatan Maro Sebo Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Propinsi Jambi. Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah, Sosial Ekonomi, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Pekalongan Selatan Kota Pekalongan More cited articles
  1. Zewude B, Tadele G, Davey G. Neglected tropical disease meets neglected community: Street children’s susceptibility to scabies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]. 2024;18(9):e0012475. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012475
  2. Girma A, Abdu I, Teshome K. Prevalence and determinants of scabies among schoolchildren in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med. 2024;12:1006–17, https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121241274757
  3. Misganaw B, Nigatu SG, Gebrie GN, Kibret AA. Prevalence and determinants of scabies among school-age children in Central Armachiho district, Northwest, Ethiopia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2022;17(6 June):1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269918
  4. Menaldi SLS. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Kulit Dan Kelamin. Edisi 2, C. FKUI DIPK, editor. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Publishing; 2021. 18–19 p
  5. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. 2023 [cited 2025 Mar 19]. p. 1 Scabies. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/scabies
  6. Rihatmadja R, Miranda E, Wicaksono MM, Widaty S. Why are they hard to treat? A preliminary survey to predict important factors causing persistent scabies among students of religion-affiliated boarding schools in Indonesia. Dermatology Reports. 2019;11(s1), https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2019.8033
  7. Schneider S, Wu J, Tizek L, Ziehfreund S, Zink A. Prevalence of scabies worldwide—An updated systematic literature review in 2022. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2023;37(9):1749–57, https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19167
  8. Idas S. Pengaruh penggunaan salep permethrin dan sabun sulfur terhadap tingkat penyembuhan scabies pada mahasiswa di kelurahan bandungrejosari kota malang [Internet]. Universitas Tribuwana Tunggadewi; 2024. Available from: https://rinjani.unitri.ac.id/bitstream/handle/071061/4114/artikel.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  9. Puskesmas Megaluh. Data Scabies. Jombang; 2024
  10. Menaldi S, Marissa M, Surya D, The V. Impact of scabies on Indonesian public boarding school students’ quality of life: A mixed-method analysis. J Gen - Proced Dermatology Venereol Indones. 2021;5(2):74–8, https://doi.org/10.19100/jdvi.v5i2.264
  11. Mitchell E, Wallace M, Marshall J, Whitfeld M, Romani L. Scabies: current knowledge and future directions. Front Trop Dis. 2024;5(July):1–9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1429266
  12. Yildirim SK, Öǧüt ND, Erbaǧci E, Öǧüt Ç. Scabies Affects Quality of Life in Correlation with Depression and Anxiety. Dermatology Pract Concept. 2023;13(2):1–8, https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1302a144
  13. Ararsa G, Merdassa E, Shibiru T, Etafa W. Prevalence of scabies and associated factors among children aged 5–14 years in Meta Robi District, Ethiopia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2023;18(1 January):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277912
  14. Rahman MS, Hasan ABMN, Jahan I, Sharif A Bin. Prevalence of scabies and its associated environmental risk factors among the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals living in the Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh. J Migr Heal [Internet]. 2024;9(January):100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100220
  15. Nursanti DP, Kumalasari EP, Supriatin A. Personal hygiene relationship and environmental cleanliness on the incidence of scabies at yayasan sunan kalijaga malang. J Qual Women’s Heal. 2024;7(1):37–43, https://doi.org/10.30994/jqwh.v7i1.242
  16. Haniifa RZ. Personal hygiene As Scabies Factors incidence in the institute rehabilitation center of the vagrants, scrounger and mental disabilities in south sumatra region. J Kesehat Lingkung. 2024;16(2):110–7, https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v16i2.2024.110-117
  17. Puspita SIA, Ardiati FN, Adriyani R, Harris N. Factors of personal hygiene habits and scabies symptoms at islamic boarding school. J PROMKES. 2021;9(2):91, doi: https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V9.I2.2021.91-100
  18. Fauziah R, Suparmi. Analysis of the scabies incidence at as’ad islamic boarding school, jambi city. Arch Razi Inst. 2023;78(6):1719–27. https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2023.78.6.1719
  19. Cahyanti KD, Joko T, Sulistiyani S. Factors associated with scabies (literature study in indonesian islamic boarding schools). Int J Heal Educ Soc. 2020;3(9):81–96
  20. Gustina M, Yorita E. Analysis of environmental sanitation risk factors scabies in adolescents. Contag Sci Period J Public Heal Coast Heal. 2023;5(2):664. https://doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v5i2.15515
  21. Korycińska J, Dzika E, Kloch M. Epidemiology of scabies in relation to socio-economic and selected climatic factors in North-East Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020;27(3):374–8. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/109319
  22. Notoatmojo S. Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. 2022
  23. Purba CVG. Pengaruh Personal hygiene dan Sanitasi Lingkungan terhadap Kejadian Skabies pada Anak Usia Sekolah di Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2013 [Internet]. Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2014. Available from: https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/35978
  24. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R&D. 2 Cetakan. Bandung: ALFABETA; 2021. 444 p
  25. Angraini DI, Prameswari NP, Susanto EB, Isti D. Scabies in an adolescent with poor personal hygiene. Rev Prim Care Pract Educ. 2022;5(2):78. https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.73317
  26. Amare HH, Lindtjorn B. Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]. 2021;15(10):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009816
  27. Halid I, Halid M, Susilo BBB. Prevalences and determinants analysis of scabies incidence in rumak village. Med Technol Public Heal J. 2024;8(2):186–95. https://doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v8i2.5642
  28. Anggina DN, Prameswarie T. The relationship between student’s personal hygiene behavior and scabies prevalence in islamic boarding school. 2024;12(3):374–80. https://doi.org/10.33366/jc.v12i3.4608
  29. Chakraborty A. Bathing practices in dermatology: uses and implications for patient management. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023;14(5):686–91. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.idoj_40_23
  30. Tamás B, Gabriella K, Kristóf Á, Anett I, János Pál K, Bálint T, et al. The effects of lakitelek thermal water and tap water on skin microbiome, a randomized control pilot study. Life. 2023;13(3):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030746
  31. Konya I, Nishiya K, Yano R. Effectiveness of bed bath methods for skin integrity, skin cleanliness and comfort enhancement in adults: A systematic review. Nurs Open. 2021;8(5):2284–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.836
  32. Trasia RF. Scabies in indonesia: epidemiology and prevention. Insights Public Heal J. 2021;1(2):30. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.iphj.2020.1.2.3071
  33. Mohammed A, Alharbi A, Faihan BA. The scientific basis and the critiical importance of hand hygiene in fighting infection and preventing the transmission of diseases. 2024;3538(12):1781–8. https://doi.org/10.61707/xffk1j09
  34. Jetly KJJK, Ibrahim FE, Karim IKA, Jeevanathan C, Mokti K, Omar A, et al. Risk factors for scabies in school children: a systematic review. Vopr Prakt Pediatr. 2022;17(2):117–25. https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-2-117-125
  35. Murray RL, Crane JS. Scabies [Internet]. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2023. 1 p. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544306/
  36. Widaty S, Miranda E, Cornain EF, Rizky LA. Scabies: update on treatment and efforts for prevention and control in highly endemic settings. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022;16(2):244–51. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15222
  37. Seo HM, Kim JS. Principles for effective management of scabies outbreaks. J Korean Med Assoc. 2023;66(12):712–5. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.12.712
  38. Uzun S, Durdu M, Yürekli A, Mülayim MK, Akyol M, Velipaşaoğlu S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies. Int J Dermatol. 2024;63(12);1642–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.17327
  39. Burkhart CG. Epidemiologic assessment of scabies: actuality of airborne transmission and additional standards to reduce spread of contagion and reinfestation. Open Dermatol J. 2024;18(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743722318633240807162914
  40. Foucher G, Faure S. What’s scabies? Actual Pharm [Internet]. 2022;61(614):59–61. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0515370021005504.
  41. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024 [cited 2025 Mar 24]. p. 1 Treatment of Scabies. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/scabies/treatment/index.html
  42. Alga N, Noerjoedianto D, Fitri A, Guspianto G, Eka Putri F. The relationship of personal hygiene and physical environmental conditions with scabies symptoms. KESANS Int J Heal Sci. 2023;3(2):194–204. https://doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v3i2.244
  43. Hasti AG, Abdi DA, Surdam Z, Fattah N, Yuniati L. Personal hygiene and Environmental Sanitation Factors that Influence the Incidence of Scabies in Al-Bayan. Green Med J. 2024;6(1):34–44. https://doi.org/10.33096/gmj.v6i1.153
  44. Rahman K, Karim SA, Khan MAH, Hasan S, Delwer UB, Rizwana K, et al. Scabies-major childhood skin infestation in bangladesh - an updated review. J Ad-din Women’s Med Coll. 2023;10(1):48–62. https://doi.org/10.3329/jawmc.v10i1.67482
  45. Lilia D, Novitry F. Hubungan Kebiasaan Menggunakan Handuk bersama, Kepadatan Hunian, Dan Ventilasi Dengan Kejadian skabies Di Panti Asuhan an Nur Wilayah Kerja Uptd Puskesmas Sukaraya Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Tahun 2022. J Bidan Mandira Cendikia [Internet]. 2022;1(1):51–8. Available from: https://journal-mandiracendikia.com/jbmc.
  46. Husna NU, Maryanti E. Perilaku personal hygiene terhadap kejadian skabies di pesantren jabalnur wilayah kerja puskesmas dewantara kabupaten aceh utara. J Kesehat dan Fisioter (Jurnal KeFis). 2023;3(2):1–11
  47. Carolyne T RN, Lubis NL, Nurmaini N. Relationship between knowledge, clothing cleanliness, towel cleanliness and environmental sanitation with scabies incidents at the pekanbaru city child special development institute (lpka) in 2019. Budapest Int Res Critics Inst Humanit Soc Sci. 2021;4(1):122–30. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1542
  48. Indriani F, Guspianto G, Putri FE. Hubungan faktor kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan personal hygiene dengan gejala skabies di pondok pesantren darul hikam kecamatan rimbo ulu kabupaten tebo tahun 2021. Electron J Sci Environ Heal Dis. 2021;2(1):63–75. https://doi.org/10.22437/esehad.v2i1.13752
  49. Jetly K, Ibrahim FE, Karim IKA, Jeevanathan C, Mokti K, Pang NTP. Risk factors for scabies in school children: A systematic review. Univ Malaysia Sabah. 2022;17(2):117–25. https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-2-117-125
  50. Joseph M, Mushi V, Palilo H, Silvestri V, Kinabo C, Mshana I, et al. Prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei infestation and its associated factors among primary school children: A school-based cross-sectional survey in the Rufiji district, Tanzania. IJID Reg [Internet]. 2024;11:100365. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707624000365.
  51. Karnita R, Khair A, Irfa’i M. The relationship between personal hygiene and scabies incidence in the sungai bilu health center service area in 2024 . Global Heal Environ Perspect. 2024;1 No. 3:202–9. https://doi.org/10.61848/ghep.v1i3.89
  52. Qomariyah A, Kawitantri OH, Faizah M. Edukasi kesehatan tentang penyakit scabies dan personal hygiene pada santri putra pondok pesantren safinatul huda banyuwangi. Dharma J Pengabdi Masy. 2022;2(2):27–39. https://doi.org/10.35309/dharma.v2i2.5678
  53. Husna R, Joko T, Nurjazuli N. Factors associated with scabies in the community in the area of the lubuk begalung public health center. J Aisyah J Ilmu Kesehat. 2021;6(3):579–84. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v6i3.741
  54. Mazzatenta C, Piccolo V, Argenziano G, Bassi A. Is scabies becoming less sensitive to permethrin therapy? J eur acad dermatology venereol. 2021;35(9). https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17339
  55. Girma A, Abdu I, Teshome K. Prevalence and determinants of scabies among schoolchildren in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med. 2024;12:20503121241274756. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121241274757
  56. Trasia RF. Review of scabies : Current update of patogenesis , transmission , and elimination. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia. 2024;3(1):41–6. https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v3i1.2417
  57. Sanei-Dehkordi A, Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Zare M, Jaberhashemi SA. Risk factors associated with scabies infestation among primary schoolchildren in a low socio-economic area in southeast of Iran. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02721-0
  58. Azene AG, Aragaw AM, Wassie GT. Prevalence and associated factors of scabies in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05106-3
  59. Xu T, Durst M, Keck T, Dixon H, Yassin MH. A scabies outbreak in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Am J Infect Control. 2023;51(6):705–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2022.10.003
  60. Roswendi AS, Zakiyah Y. Relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of scabies: A literature review. KnE Med. 2022;2022:207–15. https://doi.org/10.18502/kme.v2i2.11083
  61. Darmawan A, Fitriani F, Taswin T, Jusliana J, Masjudin M. Risk factors affecting scabies in baubau city. J Ris Kesehat. 2022;11(2):102–7. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v11i2.8993
  62. Nursatwika MA, Afriandi D, Kurniawan B. Hubungan personal hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian infeksi sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis. Ibnu Sina J Kedokt dan Kesehatan-Fakultas Kedokt Univ Islam Sumatera Utara. 2025;24(1):232–42. https://doi.org/10.30743/ibnusina.v24i1.802
  63. Bogino EA, Woldegeorgis BZ, Wondewosen L, Dessu BK, Obsa MS, Kelbiso L, et al. Scabies prevalence and its associated factors among prisoners in southern Ethiopia: An institution-based analytical cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]. 2023;17(12):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011826
  64. Shifera N, Yosef T. Burden and determinants of scabies in a pastoralist community: a case-control study from Southwest Ethiopia. BMJ Open. 2024;14(11):e087097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087097
  65. Sari II, Bujawati E, Syahrir S, Amir N, Amansyah M. Is there a relationship between intrapersonal, personal hygiene, and physical environment with incidence of scabies?. Community res epidemiologgy. 2020;1(1):59. https://doi.org/10.24252/corejournal.v1i1.18362
  66. Ismah Z, Fahlepi R, Ayukhaliza DA, Lestari C, Siregar SM. Identify factors associated with scabies aged 6-19 years old in the boarding school. J-Kesmas J Fak Kesehat Masy (The Indones J Public Heal). 2021;8(2):1. https://doi.org/10.35308/j-kesmas.v8i2.3385
  67. Emanghe UE, Imalele EE, Ogban GI, Owai PA, Abraka BA. Awareness and knowledge of scabies and ringworm among parents of school-age children in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for prevention of superficial skin infestations. Ann Afr Med. 2024;23(1):62–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_82_23

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-09-29 22:49:34

No citation recorded.