DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.10.338-345

Reinforcement of Quaternary Ammonium Modified Silica (QAMS) with Magnetite and its Application by Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) to Adsorb Chromate Ions

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

2Master of Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

3Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia

Received: 23 Jun 2020; Revised: 28 Sep 2020; Accepted: 10 Oct 2020; Published: 31 Oct 2020.
Open Access Copyright 2020 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract
Chromium (VI) in the form of chromate anions that have toxic properties needs to be overcome. This study aims to reinforce cationic sorbent quaternary amine-modified silica with magnetite (QAMS-Fe3O4) to adsorb chromate ions. QAMS prepared by reflux methylation ammine modified silica (AMS) obtained from destruction silicate from rice husk ash followed by the addition of 3-APTMS. Characterization QAMS-Fe3O4 by FT-IR showed successfully of methylation process indicated by disappearing absorbance at 1388 cm-1, and emerging absorbance at 2939 cm-1 in QAMS and QAMS-Fe3O4 indicated a transformation of N-H from -NH2 group to [-N+(CH3)3]. XRD analysis denotes 2θ = 30.15°, 35.53°, 43.12°, 57.22°, and 62.90° (JCPDS No. 00-033-0664) fathomed as a characteristic peak of magnetite. SEM-EDX reveals the homogenous topological spherical form with an average particle size 0.006 µm that is dominated by Si element (52.81%) with magnetic moment value = 34.1 emu/g. The stability test shows that this material stable in an acid condition. The adsorption of chromate ions was conducted by the SPA method. Optimal pH obtained by pH range 4-7 with more than 90% adsorbed chromate ions. Variation of increasing series flow rate from 0.05 to 1.5 mL min-1 resulted in decreased adsorbed chromate ions. The use of SPA methods offered simpler and easier handling than the batch method without overriding the adsorption process effectiveness.
Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues
Keywords: QAMS-Magnetite; Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA); chromate ions
Funding: Universitas Jambi

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Most cited articles
Studi Filogeni dan Uji Potensi Bioremediasi serta Enzim Termostabil Ekstraseluler Isolat Geobacillus sp. dari Sumber Air Panas Gedong Songo Profil Kandungan Protein dan Tekstur Tahu Akibat Penambahan Fitat pada Proses Pembuatan Tahu Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Kadar Sampel Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dalam Etanol Melalui Metode Difusi Cakram Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Batik dengan Metoda Elektrokoagulasi Menggunakan Besi Bekas Sebagai Elektroda Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2-Methylchalcone from meta-Cresol Formilation Product and Its Activities as an Antibacteria More cited articles
  1. Try Susanti, Wiji Utami, Hidayat Hidayat, The negative impact of illegal gold mining on the environmental sector in Batang Asai, Jambi, Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 2, 3, (2018), 128-143 https://doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v2i3.43
  2. Zeeshanur Rahman, Ved Pal Singh, The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: an overview, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, 7, (2019), 419 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7528-7
  3. Vhahangwele Masindi, Khathutshelo L. Muedi, Environmental contamination by heavy metals, in: Heavy metals, IntechOpen, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76082
  4. Jisuan Tan, Yiheng Song, Xiaohua Huang, Li Zhou, Facile Functionalization of Natural Peach Gum Polysaccharide with Multiple Amine Groups for Highly Efficient Removal of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) Ions from Water, ACS Omega, 3, 12, (2018), 17309-17318 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02599
  5. Steffita Rahayuning Purbandini, Abdul Haris, Effect of ZnO Dopant on TiO2 on Simultaneous Decrease of Phenol, Pb (II) and COD using Photocatalysis Method, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 21, 1, (2018), 34-38 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.17.3.86-89
  6. Rumpa Saha, Rumki Nandi, Bidyut Saha, Sources and toxicity of hexavalent chromium, Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 64, 10, (2011), 1782-1806 https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2011.583646
  7. Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Daryoush Sanaei, Imran Ali, Amit Bhatnagar, Removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution using treated waste newspaper as a low-cost adsorbent: Kinetic modeling and isotherm studies, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 215, (2016), 671-679 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.057
  8. Yuanji Shi, Tao Zhang, Hongqiang Ren, Andrea Kruse, Ruofan Cui, Polyethylene imine modified hydrochar adsorption for chromium (VI) and nickel (II) removal from aqueous solution, Bioresource Technology, 247, (2018), 370-379 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.107
  9. N. Soltani, A. Bahrami, M. I. Pech-Canul, L. A. González, Review on the physicochemical treatments of rice husk for production of advanced materials, Chemical Engineering Journal, 264, (2015), 899-935 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.056
  10. Siti Sulastri, Nuryono Nuryono, Indriana Kartini, Eko Sri Kunarti, Adsorption of Ca(II), Pb(II) and Ag (I) on Sulfonato-Silica Hybrid Prepared from Rice Hull Ash, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 11, 3, (2011), 273-278 https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21392
  11. Ngatijo Ngatijo, Rahmat Basuki, Nuryono Nuryono, Bambang Rusdiarso, Comparison of Au (III) Sorption on Amine-Modified Silica (AMS) and Quaternary Amine-Modified Silica (QAMS): A Thermodynamic and Kinetics Study, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 19, 2, (2018), 337–346 https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.33758
  12. Ngatijo, Rahmat Basuki, Bambang Rusdiarso, Nuryono, Sorption-desorption profile of Au(III) onto silica modified quaternary amines (SMQA) in gold mining effluent, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8, 3, (2020), 103747 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103747
  13. Wei Yao, Pinhua Rao, Yongtao Du, Wenqi Zhang, Tongzhou Liu, Synthesis of magnetic silica with quaternary ammonium salt and its application for chromium(VI) removal, Desalination and Water Treatment, 55, 1, (2015), 173-182 https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.911115
  14. Fauziatul Fajaroh, Heru Setyawan, Adrian Nur, I. Wuled Lenggoro, Thermal stability of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles prepared by an electrochemical method, Advanced Powder Technology, 24, 2, (2013), 507-511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2012.09.008
  15. Shik Chi Tsang, Chih Hao Yu, Xin Gao, Kin Tam, Silica-Encapsulated Nanomagnetic Particle as a New Recoverable Biocatalyst Carrier, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 34, (2006), 16914-16922 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp062275s
  16. Marcos E. Peralta, Santiago Ocampo, Israel G. Funes, Florencia Onaga Medina, María E. Parolo, Luciano Carlos, Nanomaterials with Tailored Magnetic Properties as Adsorbents of Organic Pollutants from Wastewaters, Inorganics, 8, 4, (2020), https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8040024
  17. Ying-Sing Li, Jeffrey S. Church, Andrea L. Woodhead, Filsun Moussa, Preparation and characterization of silica coated iron oxide magnetic nano-particles, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 76, 5, (2010), 484-489 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2010.04.004
  18. R. V. Ferreira, I. L. S. Pereira, L. C. D. Cavalcante, L. F. Gamarra, S. M. Carneiro, E. Amaro, J. D. Fabris, R. Z. Domingues, A. L. Andrade, Synthesis and characterization of silica-coated nanoparticles of magnetite, Hyperfine Interactions, 195, 1, (2010), 265-274 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-009-0128-0
  19. Krzysztof Cendrowski, Pawel Sikora, Beata Zielinska, Elzbieta Horszczaruk, Ewa Mijowska, Chemical and thermal stability of core-shelled magnetite nanoparticles and solid silica, Applied Surface Science, 407, (2017), 391-397 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.118
  20. Tehreema Nawaz, Sonia Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar, Mudassir Iqbal, Synthesis of diglycolic acid functionalized core-shell silica coated Fe3O4 nanomaterials for magnetic extraction of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions, Scientific Reports, 10, 1, (2020), 10076 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67168-2
  21. Nuryono Nuryono, Nur Mutia Rosiati, Bambang Rusdiarso, Satya Candra Wibawa Sakti, Shunitz Tanaka, Coating of magnetite with mercapto modified rice hull ash silica in a one-pot process, SpringerPlus, 3, 1, (2014), 515 https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-515
  22. Rahmat Basuki, Ngatijo Ngatijo, Sri Juari Santosa, Bambang Rusdiarso, Comparison the New Kinetics Equation of Non-competitive Sorption Cd (II) and Zn (II) onto Green Sorbent Horse Dung Humic Acid (HD-HA), Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13, 3, (2018), 475-488 https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1774.475-488
  23. Lisa Aprilia Indriyani, Zulhan Arif, Roza Linda, Henny Purwaningsih, Mohamad Rafi, Pengoptimuman Kondisi Adsorpsi Cd (II) oleh Adsorben Berbasis Silika Termodifikasi Glisina Menggunakan Central Composite Design, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 22, 5, (2019), 184-191 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.5.184-191
  24. Yi-Wei Wu, Jing Zhang, Jun-Feng Liu, Lin Chen, Zhen-Li Deng, Mu-Xian Han, Xiao-Shu Wei, Ai-Min Yu, Hai-Li Zhang, Fe3O4@ZrO2 nanoparticles magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for chromium(III) speciation in environmental and biological samples, Applied Surface Science, 258, 18, (2012), 6772-6776 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.057
  25. Qian Liu, Jianbo Shi, Jianteng Sun, Thanh Wang, Lixi Zeng, Guibin Jiang, Graphene and graphene oxide sheets supported on silica as versatile and high‐performance adsorbents for solid‐phase extraction, Angewandte Chemie, 123, 26, (2011), 6035-6039 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201007138
  26. Elvio A. de Campos, Antonio A. da Silva Alfaya, Rosilene T. Ferrari, Creusa Maieru M. Costa, Quaternary Ammonium Salts Immobilized on Silica Gel: Exchange Properties and Application as Potentiometric Sensor for Perchlorate Ions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 240, 1, (2001), 97-104 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7649
  27. Dong Yang, Jianhua Hu, Shoukuan Fu, Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite−Silica Nanocomposites via a Seeded Sol−Gel Approach, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113, 18, (2009), 7646-7651 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp900868d
  28. Ian J. Bruce, James Taylor, Michael Todd, Martin J. Davies, Enrico Borioni, Claudio Sangregorio, Tapas Sen, Synthesis, characterisation and application of silica-magnetite nanocomposites, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 284, (2004), 145-160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.06.032
  29. Penka I. Girginova, Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva, Cláudia B. Lopes, Paula Figueira, Marta Otero, Vítor S. Amaral, Eduarda Pereira, Tito Trindade, Silica coated magnetite particles for magnetic removal of Hg2+ from water, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 345, 2, (2010), 234-240 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.087
  30. Aránzazu del Campo, Tapas Sen, Jean-Paul Lellouche, Ian J. Bruce, Multifunctional magnetite and silica–magnetite nanoparticles: Synthesis, surface activation and applications in life sciences, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 293, 1, (2005), 33-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.01.040
  31. Othman Hakami, Yue Zhang, Charles J. Banks, Thiol-functionalised mesoporous silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles for high efficiency removal and recovery of Hg from water, Water Research, 46, 12, (2012), 3913-3922 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.032
  32. Pradip B. Sarawade, Jong-Kil Kim, Askwar Hilonga, Dang Viet Quang, Sun Jeong Jeon, Hee Taik Kim, Synthesis of sodium silicate-based hydrophilic silica aerogel beads with superior properties: Effect of heat-treatment, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357, 10, (2011), 2156-2162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.02.022
  33. V. P. Della, I. Kühn, D. Hotza, Rice husk ash as an alternate source for active silica production, Materials Letters, 57, 4, (2002), 818-821 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00879-0
  34. Yong-Hui Deng, Chang-Chun Wang, Jian-Hua Hu, Wu-Li Yang, Shou-Kuan Fu, Investigation of formation of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles via sol–gel approach, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 262, 1, (2005), 87-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.04.009
  35. Uruthira Kalapathy, Andrew Proctor, John Shultz, Silicate Thermal Insulation Material from Rice Hull Ash, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42, 1, (2003), 46-49 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0203227
  36. Silviana Silviana, Bakti Jos, Herry Santosa, Siswo Sumardiono, Statistical Approach for Water Glass Precursor Preparation from Bamboo Leaf Silica, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 22, 2, (2019), 52-57 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.2.52-57
  37. Jinshui Liu, Xuezhong Du, Fast removal of aqueous Hg(II) with quaternary ammonium-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica and silica regeneration, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 19, (2011), 6981-6987 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1JM10111K
  38. Lazar Kopanja, Irena Milosevic, Matjaz Panjan, Vesna Damnjanovic, Marin Tadic, Sol–gel combustion synthesis, particle shape analysis and magnetic properties of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous silica matrix, Applied Surface Science, 362, (2016), 380-386 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.238
  39. Marwa Elkady, Hassan Shokry Hassan, Aly Hashim, Immobilization of Magnetic Nanoparticles onto Amine-Modified Nano-Silica Gel for Copper Ions Remediation, Materials, 9, 6, (2016), 460 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9060460
  40. Tayyebeh Madrakian, Abbas Afkhami, Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Mazaher Ahmadi, Nadia Koukabi, Application of Modified Silica Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Removal of Iodine from Water Samples, Nano-Micro Letters, 4, 1, (2012), 57-63 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353693
  41. Manjeet Bansal, Umesh Garg, Diwan Singh, V. K. Garg, Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using pre-consumer processing agricultural waste: A case study of rice husk, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 1, (2009), 312-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.037
  42. Renfeng Huang, Xiaoguo Ma, Xin Li, Lihui Guo, Xiaowen Xie, Menyuan Zhang, Jing Li, A novel ion-imprinted polymer based on graphene oxide-mesoporous silica nanosheet for fast and efficient removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 514, (2018), 544-553 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.065
  43. Hai-xia You, Hong-bin Xu, Yi Zhang, Shi-li Zheng, Yi-ying Gao, Potential—pH diagrams of Cr-H2O system at elevated temperatures, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20, (2010), s26-s31 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60006-4

Last update:

  1. Adsorption of tetracycline from an aqueous solution on a CaMgAl-layer double hydroxide/red mud composite: Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

    Zahraa Ali Hammood, Ahmed A. Mohammed. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 22 , 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101018

  2. Synthesis and Application of Positively Charged and Magnetically Separable Magnetite/Silica-Ammonium as an Effective Platinum(IV) Adsorbent

    Ngatijo Ngatijo, Lenny Marlinda, Restina Bemis, Heriyanti Heriyanti, Diah Riski Gusti, Ahmad Fatwa Lazuardi, Bayu Ishartono, Rahmat Basuki. Materials Science Forum, 1069 , 2022. doi: 10.4028/p-93rsn1

Last update: 2026-09-26 13:36:58

No citation recorded.