DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.27.3.128-136

Optimization of Cadmium Removal Using Tetraethylene Glycol-Modified Silica-Based Adsorbent via Response Surface Methodology

1Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Riau Province, Indonesia

2Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Riau Province, Indonesia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

5 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan

View all affiliations
Received: 14 Aug 2023; Revised: 22 Dec 2023; Accepted: 27 Dec 2023; Published: 8 Apr 2024.
Open Access Copyright 2024 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract
In solid-phase extraction for preconcentration, silica (Si) is the most commonly used as an adsorbent. However, the selectivity and effectiveness of silica gel adsorption on metal ions are low, so it needs to be modified to improve the adsorption capability. The modification was done using reflux and oven heating in the modification silica with 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG). A central composite design batch process determined the optimum conditions for cadmium adsorption. TEG-modified silica was successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and elemental analyzers. Peaks of C-H and epoxy on FTIR spectra showed that Si- GPTMS was formed. The increase of %C and %H from the first to the second step indicated that Si-TEG was successfully synthesized. There was no significant difference in silica particle morphology on SEM before and after modification. The reflux method gave a higher yield compared to the heating method. The constant stirring by the magnetic bar and solvent cycle in the reflux method catalyzed the reaction. This study found that at pH 7, 30 mg of adsorbent weight at 35°C and 22 minutes of contact time were optimum Cd2+ adsorption conditions. As the weight of the adsorbent increases, the adsorption capacity decreases. Contact time and temperature have no significant effect on Cd adsorption by Si-TEG.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: batch adsorptions; cadmium; central composite design; tetraethylene glycol
Funding: Directorate of Research and Community Services, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education under contract Penelitian Kerjasama Luar Negeri Research Grant 2019; DIPA Universitas Riau under contract Research Grant Penelitian Kolaborasi Internasional 2022

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Banana Peel Adsorbent to Reduce the Concentration of Lead and Cadmium Metal Pollution in Landfill Leachate The Characteristics of Urease Enzyme of Green Bean Seeds (Vigna radiata L.) and Its Activity as An Antifungal Against Candida albicans Application of Acid Activated Ouw’s Natural Clay (ONC) on Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye More recent articles
Most cited articles
Isolasi Bakteri Termofilik Sumber Air Panas Gedongsongo dengan Media Pengaya Minimal YT (Yeast Tripton) serta Identifikasi Genotipik dan Fenotipik Studi Filogeni dan Uji Potensi Antibakteri serta Enzim Ekstraseluler Isolat Geobacillus sp. dari Sumber Air Panas Gedongsongo Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Produk Fermentasi Susu Kedelai dan Whey Tahu menggunakan Bakteri Asam Laktat Komersial Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dengan Katalis Ni-Ag/Zeolit Analisis Pangan: Penentuan Angka Peroksida dan Asam Lemak Bebas pada Minyak Kedelai dengan Variasi Menggoreng More cited articles
  1. Muhammad Irfan, Xianhua Liu, Khalid Hussain, Suraya Mushtaq, Jonnathan Cabrera, Pingping Zhang, The global research trend on cadmium in freshwater: a bibliometric review, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 28, (2023), 71585-71598 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13894-7
  2. Sutrisno Sutrisno, Henny Kuntyastuti, Pengelolaan cemaran kadmium pada lahan pertanian di Indonesia, Buletin Palawija, 13, 1, (2015), 83-91
  3. Morvarid Afshary, Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli, Parisa Ziarati, Lifestyle Changes and Increased Urinary Cadmium Levels in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study in Tehran-Iran, EC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 9, (2021), 04-14
  4. Yasrin, Alimuddin, Aman Sentosa Panggabean, Pembuatan Silika Gel dari Abu Daun Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. F) Backer Ex Heyne) dan Aplikasinya Untuk Adsorpsi Ion Cd (II), Jurnal Atomik, 5, 2, (2020), 107-113
  5. Lisa Aprilia Indriyani, Zulhan Arif, Roza Linda, Henny Purwaningsih, Mohamad Rafi, Pengoptimuman Kondisi Adsorpsi Cd(II) oleh Adsorben Berbasis Silika Termodifikasi Glisina Menggunakan Central Composite Design, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 22, 5, (2019), 184-191 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.5.184-191
  6. F. W. Mahatmanti, E. Kusumastuti, W. D. P. Rengga, Nuryono, D. Siswanta, Chitosan-silica- polyethylene Glycol (Ch/Si/P) Solid Membrane for Removal of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions, Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 1, (2021), 54-72 https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacs/v1/8924D
  7. Baozhong Lin, Shuxue Zhou, Poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted silica nanoparticles for highly hydrophilic acrylic-based polyurethane coatings, Progress in Organic Coatings, 106, (2017), 145-154 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.02.008
  8. Roza Linda, Mohamad Rafi, Lee Wah Lim, Toyohide Takeuchi, Separation of Inorganic Anions and Phenolic Compounds Using Tetraethylene Oxide-Bonded Stationary Phases in Capillary Liquid Chromatography, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 19, 1, (2019), 191-197 https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.32237
  9. Mohammad Azam, Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur, Mohammad Rizwan Khan, Saud I. Al-Resayes, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Removal of Chromium(III) and Cadmium(II) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Treated Date Seeds: An Eco-Friendly Method, Molecules, 26, 12, (2021), 3718 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123718
  10. Xiaomeng Dou, Wenzhi Li, Chaofeng Zhu, Xiao Jiang, Hou-min Chang, Hasan Jameel, Cleavage of aryl–ether bonds in lignin model compounds using a Co–Zn-beta catalyst, RSC Advances, 10, 71, (2020), 43599-43606 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA08121C
  11. Thu Thuy Thai, Anh Truc Trinh, Marie-Georges Olivier, Hybrid sol–gel coatings doped with cerium nanocontainers for active corrosion protection of AA2024, Progress in Organic Coatings, 138, (2020), 105428 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105428
  12. Nadia Embarek, Nabahat Sahli, A Novel Green Synthesis Method of Poly (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) Catalyzed by Treated Bentonite, Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 15, 2, (2020), 290-303 https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.6568.290-303
  13. M. N. A. Uda, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Uda Hashim, N. H. Halim, N. A. Parmin, M. N. Afnan Uda, Periasamy Anbu, Production and characterization of silica nanoparticles from fly ash: conversion of agro-waste into resource, Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 51, 1, (2021), 86-95 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2020.1793174
  14. Xin Ying, Jiaxing Gao, Jing Lu, Changlu Ma, Jiaping Lv, Benu Adhikari, Bo Wang, Preparation and drying of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion to encapsulate soy peptides, Food Research International, 141, (2021), 110148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110148
  15. S. Sekar, S. Venkataprasad Bhat, BCNO silica gel-based green transparent and efficient luminescent downshifting layer for Si solar cells, Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 5, 7, (2021), 2046-2054 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SE00142F
  16. Pengji Yao, Aihua Zou, Zhenfen Tian, Wenyan Meng, Xialun Fang, Tong Wu, Jiagao Cheng, Construction and characterization of a temperature-responsive nanocarrier for imidacloprid based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 198, (2021), 111464 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111464
  17. A. Ghanbari, M. M. Attar, A study on the anticorrosion performance of epoxy nanocomposite coatings containing epoxy-silane treated nano-silica on mild steel substrate, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 23, (2015), 145-153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.08.008
  18. Zohreh Dahaghin, Hassan Zavvar Mousavi, S. Maryam Sajjadi, Trace amounts of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions monitoring using Fe3O4@graphene oxide nanocomposite modified via 2-mercaptobenzothiazole as a novel and efficient nanosorbent, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 231, (2017), 386-395 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.023
  19. Rahmi, Marlina, Nisfayati, Comparison of cadmium adsorption onto chitosan and epichlorohydrin crosslinked chitosan/eggshell composite, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 352, (2018), 012047 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/352/1/012047
  20. Jianjian Zhao, Yuzhong Niu, Bing Ren, Hou Chen, Shengxiao Zhang, Juan Jin, Yao Zhang, Synthesis of Schiff base functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4 composites for effective removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution, Chemical Engineering Journal, 347, (2018), 574-584 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.151
  21. Qiwen Zhou, Bohan Liao, Lina Lin, Weiwen Qiu, Zhengguo Song, Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions by ferromanganese binary oxide–biochar composites, Science of The Total Environment, 615, (2018), 115-122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.220
  22. Cut Raziah, Zerlinda Putri, Atika Rahmi Lubis, Sri Mulyati, Penurunan Kadar Logam Kadmium Menggunakan Adsorben Nano Zeolit Alam Aceh, Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 6, 1, (2017), 1-6 https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v6i1.1557
  23. Toyohide Takeuchi, Lee Wah Lim, Multifunctional Separation Mechanism on Poly(oxyethylene) Stationary Phases in Capillary Liquid Chromatography, Analytical Sciences, 26, 9, (2010), 937-941 https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.26.937
  24. Roza Linda, Lee Wah Lim, Toyohide Takeuchi, Poly(ethylene oxide)-bonded stationary phase for separation of inorganic anions in capillary ion chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 1294, (2013), 117-121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.052
  25. Na Liu, Cui-Hong Ma, Rui-Wen Sun, Jian Huang, Chonglong Li, Zong-Quan Wu, Facile synthesis and chiral recognition of block and star copolymers containing stereoregular helical poly(phenyl isocyanide) and polyethylene glycol blocks, Polymer Chemistry, 8, 14, (2017), 2152-2163 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00028F
  26. Zaharaddeen N. Garba, Idris Bello, Ahmad Galadima, Aisha Y. Lawal, Optimization of adsorption conditions using central composite design for the removal of copper (II) and lead (II) by defatted papaya seed, Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 2, 1, (2016), 20-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.12.002

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-12-24 18:41:12

No citation recorded.