DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.27.2.72-82

Formulation and Synthesis of Vanillin from Clove Oil as a Chemosensor for Urea Detection in Urine

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Indonesia

Received: 17 Nov 2023; Revised: 5 Mar 2024; Accepted: 6 Mar 2024; Published: 20 Mar 2024.
Open Access Copyright 2024 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract
Urea levels in urine play an important parameter in diagnosing bodily conditions through liver and kidney examinations. The typical reagent for detecting urea content in urine is para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (pDMAB). However, it has a drawback related to the instability of color in the resulting Schiff base compound (pDMAB-urea). In this study, the synthesized vanillin compound derived from clove oil serves as the foundational material for a urea chemosensor based on the colorimetric concept. The synthesized vanillin was characterized using FTIR, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR. The formulation of the vanillin compound as a sensor was conducted by assessing the suitable solvent, determining the optimal mass of vanillin, and evaluating the acid-base conditions of the sensor formulation system both qualitatively and quantitatively. Subsequently, the most effective formulation was selected for detecting urea in urine samples. The synthesis of vanillin yielded a purity level of 95%. The optimal formulation was obtained at an optimum mass of vanilla of 0.75 g in 50 mL of 96% ethanol and 10 mL of 10% NaOH. The color change in the sample was from colorless to greenish yellow (436 nm). The vanillin obtained was applied to urine samples with the best results at a sample dilution level of 10,000×.
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Keywords: colorimetry; clove oil; urea; urine; vanillin
Funding: Kementrian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia under contract Universitas Gadjah Mada under contract PKM Center UGM under contract Departemen Kimia Universitas Gadjah Mada under contract

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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