DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.27.8.363-370

Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄ Composites under Visible Light Irradiation

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Received: 14 Jun 2024; Revised: 3 Aug 2024; Accepted: 8 Aug 2024; Published: 31 Aug 2024.
Open Access Copyright 2024 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Image showing methylene blue degradation by BiVO4/g-C3N4, with electron transfer and radical formation
Abstract

This study evaluates the degradation of methylene blue through photocatalysis using BiVO4/g-C3N4 material with the help of visible light. Material characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data. The characterization results show that the crystal structure of BiVO4/g-C3N4 is a heterojunction between monoclinic BiVO4 and hexagonal g-C3N4, with a crystal size of about 10.16 nm and a band gap energy value of about 2.16 eV. The morphology formed is a combination of sheet and rod-like. This study optimized the photocatalytic activity of the composite by analyzing the variation of g-C3N4 concentration, degradation time, and methylene blue pH. The results show that the BiVO4/g-C3N4 sample has optimal photocatalytic and adsorption properties in sample B (1:3) with pH 7 and a degradation time of 150 minutes. Under these conditions, the BiVO4/g-C3N4 composite successfully degraded methylene blue by 94.14%. The rate kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction followed first order, with *OH species playing the most role in the degradation mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of BiVO4/g-C3N4 as an effective photocatalyst material for organic pollutant degradation applications, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.

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Keywords: Methylene blue; BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄; photocatalysis; heterojunction; g-C₃N₄
Funding: Jenderal Soedirman University under contract 27.157/UN23.37/PT.01.03/II/2023

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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