DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.28.2.73-81

Performance Study of NiO-TiO₂-CuO Nanocomposite Supported by Reduced Graphene Oxide as an Anode Candidate for Lithium-Ion Battery Development

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Technology and Health, Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan (ISTEK) ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Kendari, 93116, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

3Nickel Research Institute, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Jl. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan No. 10 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Received: 29 Sep 2024; Revised: 4 Feb 2025; Accepted: 27 Feb 2025; Published: 28 Feb 2025.
Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

In an effort to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this study developed a NiO-TiO2-CuO nanocomposite supported by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an anode material. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX techniques to understand its structure and material properties. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of C=C bonds (1612-1512 cm-1) and C–O bonds (1147-1099 cm-1) from rGO, as well as Ni-O (408 cm-1), Cu-O (669 cm-1), and Ti-O (549 cm-1). The XRD patterns revealed the crystalline phases of NiO at 2θ = 37° (111), 43° (200), and 62.8° (200); TiO2 at 2θ = 25.3° (101), 48° (101), and 55° (211); and Cu-O at 2θ = 35.6° (111) and 39.8° (022). SEM-EDX images showed small aggregated particles forming a relatively uneven surface with spherical morphology, with an average particle size of 33.25 nm. Electrochemical testing using cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that the material exhibited a stable specific capacity (Csp) of 6.3 mAh/g after five cycles at a scan rate of 1 V/s. Additionally, the specific capacity significantly increased to 44.15 mAh/g at a scan rate of 0.05 V/s, indicating excellent electrochemical performance. These results suggest that the NiO-TiO2-CuO/rGO nanocomposite has potential as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion battery applications, offering good cycle stability and enhanced energy storage capacity.

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Keywords: NiO-TiO2-CuO/rGO; Reduced graphene oxide; Cyclic voltammetry; Electrochemistry; Specific capacity
Funding: Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia under contract 111/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024 and 576/LL9/PK.00.PG/2024, 04/K/LPPM/ISTEK-AK/VI/2024

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