1Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology, Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta 10, 35144 Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
2Research Center for Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Province, South Lampung, 35361, Indonesia
3Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Indonesia, 16424 Pondok Cina, Depok City, West Java, Indonesia
4 Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta 10, 35144 Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
BibTex Citation Data :
@article{JKSA80178, author = {Yeni Ria Wulandari and Muhammad Arif Firmansyah and Yeni Variyana and Tri Haryono and Vinda Avri Sukma and Sudibyo Sudibyo and Nurjan Didik Purwanto}, title = {Enhanced Bio-Oil Production from Agricultural Waste via NiCl₂-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Comparative Study of Candlenut and Coffee Shells}, journal = {Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, year = {2026}, keywords = {Pyrolysis; bio-oil; candlenut shell; coffee shell; NiCl2 catalyst; FTIR}, abstract = { Indonesia’s limited fossil fuel reserves, coupled with increasing national energy demand, highlight the need for alternative and renewable fuel sources. Biomass-derived bio-oil produced through pyrolysis represents a promising solution that can both reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels and mitigate environmental pollution from underutilized biomass waste. This study investigates the production of bio-oil from candlenut shells and coffee shells through pyrolysis at varying temperatures (250, 350, and 450°C), conducted with and without a NiCl 2 catalyst. The bio-oil was characterized for yield, density, and viscosity. The highest bio-oil yields from non-catalytic pyrolysis were achieved at 450°C, amounting to 39.14% for candlenut shells and 41.80% for coffee shells. Catalytic pyrolysis using NiCl 2 enhanced the bio-oil yield, producing up to 55.78% (candlenut shells at 450°C) and 58.05% (coffee shells at 350°C). Density measurements showed the highest values in catalytic pyrolysis at 250°C, while the lowest densities were observed in non-catalytic pyrolysis at 450°C. Viscosity followed a similar trend, decreasing with increasing temperature and the presence of the catalyst. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups including C–O, C=O, C=C, C≡C, C–H, and O–H. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of candlenut and coffee shell waste as feasible feedstocks for bio-oil production, offering alternative renewable energy sources for future applications. }, issn = {2597-9914}, pages = {119--131} doi = {10.14710/jksa.29.2.119-131}, url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ksa/article/view/80178} }
Refworks Citation Data :
Indonesia’s limited fossil fuel reserves, coupled with increasing national energy demand, highlight the need for alternative and renewable fuel sources. Biomass-derived bio-oil produced through pyrolysis represents a promising solution that can both reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels and mitigate environmental pollution from underutilized biomass waste. This study investigates the production of bio-oil from candlenut shells and coffee shells through pyrolysis at varying temperatures (250, 350, and 450°C), conducted with and without a NiCl2 catalyst. The bio-oil was characterized for yield, density, and viscosity. The highest bio-oil yields from non-catalytic pyrolysis were achieved at 450°C, amounting to 39.14% for candlenut shells and 41.80% for coffee shells. Catalytic pyrolysis using NiCl2 enhanced the bio-oil yield, producing up to 55.78% (candlenut shells at 450°C) and 58.05% (coffee shells at 350°C). Density measurements showed the highest values in catalytic pyrolysis at 250°C, while the lowest densities were observed in non-catalytic pyrolysis at 450°C. Viscosity followed a similar trend, decreasing with increasing temperature and the presence of the catalyst. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups including C–O, C=O, C=C, C≡C, C–H, and O–H. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of candlenut and coffee shell waste as feasible feedstocks for bio-oil production, offering alternative renewable energy sources for future applications.
Article Metrics:
Last update:
Last update: 2026-10-07 13:12:27
As an article writer, the author has the right to use their article for various purposes, including use by institutions that employ the author or institutions that provide funding for the research. These author rights are granted without special permission.
Authors who publish a paper in JKSA have broad rights to use their work for teaching and scientific purposes without the need to request permission, including: (i) teaching in the author's class or institution; (ii) presenting the work at meetings or conferences and distributing copies to participants; (iii) using the work in training conducted by the author or the author's institution; (iv) distributing copies to colleagues for research purposes; (v) using the work in the compilation of subsequent works by the author; (vi) including the work in a thesis or dissertation; (vii) reusing part of the article in another work, with appropriate citation; (viii) preparing derivative works, with appropriate citation; and (ix) voluntarily posting the work on open websites operated by the author or the author's institution for scientific purposes, in accordance with the CC BY-SA License.
Authors and readers may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and may remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, provided that they give appropriate credit by citing the article or its content, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
The authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that, if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (JKSA). Copyright encompasses the rights to reproduce and distribute the article in all forms and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.
Reproducing any part of this journal, storing it in a database, or transmitting it in any form or medium is permitted without written permission from JKSA. However, the original source must be properly cited in accordance with academic conventions.
JKSA, the Chemistry Department of Diponegoro University, and the Editor make every effort to ensure that no inaccurate, false, or misleading data, opinions, or statements are published in JKSA. However, the content of each article is the sole and exclusive responsibility of its authors.
The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form - Indonesian] [Copyright Transfer Form - English]. The copyright form should bear the authors' original signatures and be sent to the Editor as a printed document, a scanned document sent via email, or by fax.
Prof. Adi Darmawan, Ph.D (Editor in Chief)
Editor in chief of Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (JKSA)
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University
Visitor: View My Stats
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi is indexed in:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
