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Bioactivity Profile, Toxicity Screening, and Biopolymer Film Application of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Trema orientalis Leaf Extract

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Received: 21 May 2026; Revised: 21 Jul 2026; Accepted: 27 Jul 2026; Published: 31 Aug 2026.
Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

This study utilizes green nanotechnology by employing Trema orientalis leaf extract (TO-EE) as a natural bioreductant to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-TO) and apply them in biopolymer film-based food packaging. AgNPs were synthesized using a stirrer method and characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, PSA, and TEM. UV-Vis confirmed nanoparticle formation with a λmax at 430 nm (SPR). FTIR indicated phenolic and carbonyl groups in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. XRD showed a face-centered cubic silver structure with minor AgCl presence. PSA revealed an average size of 56.46 nm with high polydispersity (>0.5), while TEM showed spherical, heterogeneous particles. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) showed IC50 values of 128.40 µg/mL (AgNPs-TO) and 75.59 µg/mL (TO-EE). Anti-photooxidation tests in a linoleic acid system demonstrated that AgNPs-TO and BP/AgNPs-TO films suppressed hydroperoxide formation. Preliminary BSLT screening showed an LC50 <1000 ppm, and 5 ppm AgNPs were selected for incorporation into the biopolymer film. The additional AgNPs-TO also affects the physical properties of the biopolymer film. These results indicate that AgNPs-TO are promising as active agents in environmentally friendly food packaging.

Keywords: Silver Nanoparticle; Trema orientalis Leaf Extract; Food Packaging; Antioxidant; Antiphotooxidation
Funding: Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemendiktisaintek) under contract PKM-RE

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