DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i1.48393

Legal Certainty in Land Rights Acquisition in Indonesia’s National Land Law

*Try Widiyono orcid  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Jakarta, Indonesia
Md Zubair Kasem Khan orcid  -  Baruch College, City University of New York, United States
Open Access Copyright 2023 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Acquisition of land rights has been a protracted issue due to the complexity of land laws and regulations in Indonesia. This situation often leads to illegal land disputes and conflicts. This research investigated the aspect of legal certainty in land rights based on Indonesian laws and regulations. This study focused on the aspects of legal certainty in several laws and regulations related to land rights and examined the implications of the Law on Land Acquisition and Government Regulations (PP) of 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, Flat Units, and Land Registration. The research methods involved a qualitative approach with a normative and juridical approach. The research results highlight significant progress in recent regulations, such as the Perppu Cipta Kerja 2022 and PP 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, Flat Units, and Land Registration, regarding more efficient and transparent procedures in providing legal certainty in obtaining the rights above ground. This finding implies the need for continuous improvement to strengthen legal certainty and to protect the rights of all parties. This research emphasizes the importance of harmonizing laws and regulations to create a conducive environment for the responsible and sustainable acquisition of land rights in Indonesia.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Land Rights; Land Acquisition; Legal Certainty; National Land Law

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Legal Certainty in Land Rights Acquisition in Indonesia’s National Land Law Legal Construction of Crypto Assets as Objects of Fiduciary Collateral Authority of the Dispute Council in the Resolution of Construction Disputes in Indonesia Application of Universal Jurisdiction Principles to Cross-Country Money Laundering More recent articles
Most cited articles
COUNTER TERRORISM BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA URGENSI REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA PRIVATISASI BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE PENDIDIKAN HUKUM SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN MANUSIA More cited articles
  1. Agustina, E. (2018). The social function of land rights in Indonesia: The basic Agrarian Law and customary rights by the state. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, Vol.21, (Special Issue), pp.1-8. https://www.abacademies.org/abstract/the-social-function-of-land-rights-in-indonesia-the-basic-agrarian-law-and-customary-rights-by-the-state-7573.html
  2. Ali, Muhammad., Hasibuan, Fauzie Yusuf., Fautanu, Idzan., & Halim, Anris Nazaruddin. (2022). The Ideal Construction of Legal Ownership of Land Rights in the Administrative System of the National Land Agency. International Journal of Science and Society, Vol.4, (No.4), pp.375-387. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i4.583
  3. Bedner, Adriaan., & Arizona, Yance. (2019). Adat in Indonesian Land Law: A Promise for the Future or a Dead End? The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, Vol.20,(No.5), pp.416-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/144422 13.2019.1670246
  4. Bertea, S. (2008). Towards a new paradigm of legal certainty. Legisprudence, Vol.2, (No.1),pp.25-45. DOI: 10.1080/17521467.2008.11424672
  5. Bola, M. (2017). Legal standing of customary land in Indonesia: a comparative study of land administration systems. Hasanuddin Law Review, Vol.3,(No.2),pp.175-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i2.1132
  6. Braithwaite, J. (2002). Rules and principles: A theory of legal certainty. Australasian Journal of Legal Philosophy, Vol.27, pp.47-82. http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUJlLegPhil/2002/2.pdf
  7. Buitelaar, Edwin., & Sorel, Niels. (2010). Between the rule of law and the quest for control: Legal certainty in the Dutch planning system. Land use policy, Vol.27, (No.3), pp.983-989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.land usepol.2010.01.002
  8. Caldwell, Lynton K. (1973). Rights of Ownership or Rights of Use--the Need for a New Conceptual Basis for Land Use Policy. William & Mary Law Review, Vol.15, (No.4), pp.759-775. https://scholarship.law. wm.edu/wmlr/vol15/iss4/3/
  9. Deininger, Klaus., Ali, Daniel Ayalew., & Yamano, Takashi. (2008). Legal knowledge and economic development: The case of land rights in Uganda. Land Economics, Vol.84, (No.4),pp.593-619. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.84.4.593
  10. Dimyati, Khudzaifah., Nashir, Haedar., Elviandri, Elviandri., Absori, Absori., Wardiono, Kelik., & Budiono, Arief. (2021). Indonesia as a legal welfare state: A prophetic-transcendental basis. Heliyon, Vol.7,(No.8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07865
  11. Fernando, Zico Junius., Pujiyono, Pujiyono., Susetyo, Heru., Candra, Septa., & Putra, Panca Sarjana. (2022). Preventing bribery in the private sector through legal reform based on Pancasila. Cogent Social Sciences, Vol.8,(No.1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2138906
  12. Gaffar, Salahuddin., Karsona, Agus Mulya., Pujiwati, Yani., & Perwira, Indra. (2021). The concept of procedural law regarding the implementation of collective agreements with legal certainty in termination of employment in Indonesia. Heliyon, Vol.7,(No.4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06690
  13. Grey, Thomas C. (1984). The Constitution as scripture. Stanford Law Review, Vol.37, (No.1), pp.1-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/122 8651
  14. Hage, Markus Y., & Ningrum, Panggih Kusuma. (2022). Corrective Justice and Its Significance on the Private Law. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, Vol.7,(No.1), pp.1-30. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i1.4 6691
  15. Handayani, I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi., Karjoko, Lego., Jaelani, Abdul Kadir., & Barkhuizen, Jaco. (2022). Politics Settlement of Land Tenure Conflicts in Forest Areas Indonesia in the era of President Joko Widodo. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies), Vol.7(No.2),pp.487-524. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i2.57539
  16. Holtse, Camilla J. (2020). Navigating Through Uncertain Waters—The Importance of Legal Certainty, Predictability, and Transparency in Future Antitrust Enforcement. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, Vol.11,(No.8), pp.446-449. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpaa081
  17. Kharisma, Dona B. (2020). Urgency of financial technology (Fintech) laws in Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, Vol.63,(No.3),pp.320-331. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2020-0233
  18. Kirchmair, L. (2016). What Came First: The Obligation or the Belief? A Renaissance of Consensus Theory to Make the Normative Foundations of Customary International Law More Tangible. German Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 59, pp. 289-319. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3079749
  19. Krishna, Vijesh V., Kubitza, Christoph., Pascual, Unai., & Qaim, Matin. (2017). Land markets, property rights, and deforestation: insights from Indonesia. World Development, Vol.99,pp.335-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.018
  20. Kunz, Yvonne., Steinebach, Stefanie., Dittrich, Christoph., Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta., Rosyani, Ir Rosyani., Soetarto Endriatmo., & Faust, Heiko. (2017). The fridge in the forest’: Historical trajectories of land tenure regulations fostering landscape transformation in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, Vol.81, pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. forpol.2017.04.005
  21. Leawoods, H. (2000). Gustav Radbruch: An extraordinary legal philosopher. Journal of Law & Policy, Vol.2 ,(No.1), pp.489-515. https://journals.library.wustl.edu/lawpolicy/article/966/galley/17801/view/
  22. Li, Tania M. (2021). Commons, co-ops, and corporations: assembling Indonesia's twenty-first-century land reform. The Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.48,(No.3), pp.613-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/030661 50.2021.1890718
  23. Martono, Dwi Budi., Aditya, Trias., Subaryono, Subaryono., & Nugroho, Prijono. (2021). The legal element of fixing the boundary for the Indonesian complete cadastre. Land, Vol.10,(No.1),pp.49. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010049
  24. Maxeiner, James R. (2006). Legal certainty: a European alternative to American legal indeterminacy. Tulane Journal of International & Comparative Law, Vol.15,(No.2),pp.541-607. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1150522
  25. McCarthy, John F., Vel, Jacqueline AC., & Afiff, Suraya. (2012). Trajectories of land acquisition and enclosure: development schemes, virtual land grabs, and green acquisitions in Indonesia's Outer Islands. Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.39, (No.2), pp.521-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066 150.2012.671768
  26. Moroni, Stefano., Buitelaar, Edwin., Sorel, Niels., & Cozzolino, Stefano. (2020). Simple planning rules for complex urban problems: Toward legal certainty for spatial flexibility. Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol.40, (No.3), pp.320-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X18774122
  27. Nasir, Gamal Abdul., Dimyati, Khudzaifah., & Absori. (2019). Jaminan Hukum atas Pengakuan dan Eksistensi Hak Ulayat pada Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Lex Publica,Vol.6,(No.1),pp.32–40. https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.6.1.2019.32-40
  28. Noor, A. (2021). Case Settlement of Nominee Agreement as A Mode of Land Tenure for Foreign Nationals in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, Vol.16, (No.2), pp.177-190. https://ijcjs.com/menu-script/index.php/ ijcjs/article/view/59
  29. Nurdin, Z. (2022). Legal protection of customary rights under legal pluralism and its impact on the Minangkabau society: An empirical study in the district of Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. Cogent Social Sciences, Vol.8,(No.1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2045722
  30. Paech, P. (2016). Securities, intermediation and the blockchain: an inevitable choice between liquidity and legal certainty? Uniform Law Review, Vol.21, (No.4), pp. 612-639. https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unw040
  31. Purnomo, Eko Priyo., Ramdani, Rijal., Agustiyara, Agustiyara., Tomaro, Queenie Pearl V., & Samidjo, Gatot Supangkat. (2019). Land ownership transformation before and after forest fires in Indonesian palm oil plantation areas. Journal of Land Use Science, Vol.14, (No.1), pp.37-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2019.1614686
  32. Roestamy, Martin., Martin, Abraham Yazdi., Rusli, Radif Khotamir., & Fulazzaky, Mohamad Ali. (2022). A review of the reliability of land bank institutions in Indonesia for effective land management of public interest. Land Use Policy, Vol.120. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.landusepol.2022.106275
  33. Said, Siti Nur Faida., & Irwansyah. (2019). Land Acquisition by the Government and the Impact for the Community. Papua Law Journal, Vol.3,(No.2),pp.117-133. https://doi.org/10.31957/plj.v3i2.788
  34. Sihombing, B. F., & Lisdiyono, Edy. (2017). Agrarian Reform In Indonesia: A Juridical Review. International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.8,(No.11),pp.248-356. http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=11
  35. Silviana, Ana., Utama, Yos Johan.,, Ismail, Nurhasan., Ardani, Mira Novara. (2021). Land Management Policy In The Coastal Area Based On The Local Wisdom. AACL Bioflux,Vol.14,Issue6,pp.3403-3415. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2021.3403-3415.pdf
  36. Syarief, E. (2021). Electronic Land Certificates: Its Goals and Challenges. Research Horizon, Vol.1,(No.4),pp.120-125. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.1.4.2021.120-125
  37. Syarief, E. (2022). Security Concerns in Digital Transformation of Electronic Land Acquisition: Legal Protection in Cybersecurity Laws in Indonesia. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, Vol.16,(No.2),pp.32-46. https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/88
  38. Taduri, Januari Nasya A. (2021). The Legal Certainty and Protection of Foreign Investment Against Investment Practices in Indonesia. Lex Scientia Law Review, Vol.5,(No.1),pp.119-138. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i1.46286
  39. Tamblyn, N. (2022). The Defence of Illegality in Private Law. Liverpool Law Review, Vol.43, (No.1), pp.33-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10991-021-09287-y
  40. Tan, Seow H. (2021). Radbruch's Formula Revisited: The Lex Injusta Non-Est Lex Maxim in Constitutional Democracies. Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, Vol.34,(No.2), pp.461-491. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2021.12
  41. Tassinis, Orfeas C. (2020). Customary international law: Interpretation from beginning to end. European Journal of International Law, Vol.31,(No.1), pp.235-267. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa026
  42. Tegnan, H. (2015). Legal pluralism and land administration in West Sumatra: the implementation of the regulations of both local and Nagari governments on communal land tenure. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, Vol.47, (No.2),pp.312-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 07329113.2015.1072386
  43. Thorburn, Craig C. (2004). The plot thickens: land administration and policy in post‐new order Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, Vol.45, (No.1),pp.33-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8376.2004. 00226.x
  44. Truby, Jon., Brown, Rafael., & Dahdal, Andrew. (2020). Banking on AI: mandating a proactive approach to AI regulation in the financial sector. Law and Financial Markets Review, Vol.14,(No.2),pp.110-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2020.1760454
  45. Usman, A. (2020). The Role of Indonesian Constitutional Court in Strengthening Welfare State and the Rule of Law. Lex Publica, Vol.7,(No.1),pp.11-27. https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.7.1.2020.11-27
  46. van Apeldoorn, L. (2021). Hobbes on Property: Between Legal Certainty and Sovereign Discretion. Hobbes Studies, Vol.34,(No.1), pp.58-79. https://doi.org/10.1163/18750257-bja10024
  47. Van der Muur, W. (2018). Forest conflicts and the informal nature of realizing indigenous land rights in Indonesia. Citizenship studies, Vol.22,(No.2),pp.160-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1445495
  48. von Benda-Beckmann, K. (2014). Trust and the Temporalities of Law. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, Vol.46,(No.1), pp.1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113. 2014.894743
  49. Wahanisa, Rofi., Hidayat, Arif., Riyanto, R. Benny., & Anggono, Bayu Dwi. (2021). Problems of disputes/conflicts over land acquisition towards development for public interest in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, Vol.10, pp. 320-325. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.39
  50. Wardhani, Lita Tyesta Addy Listya., Noho, Muhammad Dzikirullah H., & Natalis, Aga. (2022). The adoption of various legal systems in Indonesia: an effort to initiate the prismatic Mixed Legal Systems. Cogent Social Sciences, Vol.8, (No.1). https://doi. org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2104710
  51. Widiyono, Try., & Khan, Md Zubair Kasem. (2022). The Legal Philosophy And Justice Values In The Acquisition Of Land Rights In Indonesia: A Normative Legal Research. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, Vol.6,(No.2), pp.278-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i2.26841
  52. Wijayanti, Tania., Muryanto, Yudho Taruno., & Darori, M. Irnawan. (2021). Comparison of The Transfer of Land Rights to The Description Deed of Inheritance Rights. Law Reform, Vol.17, (No.1), pp. 121-134. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v17i1.37558
  53. Yubaidi, Ricco Survival., Mohamad, Mazliza., & Abd Aziz, Saidatul Nadia. (2022). Land acquisition acceleration in Indonesia: a lesson-learned guideline from land acquisition issues in Malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, Vol.13,(No.1), pp.155-174. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls 2022.13.1.7
  54. Guild, J. (2019). Land acquisition in Indonesia and law No. 2 of 2012 (No. 1036). ADBI Working Paper Series
  55. Alexy, R. (2021). Gustav Radbruch’s Concept of Law. In Law's Ideal Dimension (pp. 107–118). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796831.003.0008
  56. Friedman, Lawrence M. (1975). The Legal system: A Social Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
  57. Fuller, Lol L. (1964). The Morality of Law. New Haven: Yale University Press
  58. Rendas, T. (2021). Exceptions in EU Copyright Law: In Search of a Balance Between Flexibility and Legal Certainty. Alphen aan den Rijn, Zuid-Holland: Kluwer Law International B.V
  59. Soekanto, Soerjono., & Mamudji, Sri. (2014). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers
  60. Soemitro, Ronny H. (1982). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia
  61. Fenwick, Mark., & Wrbka, Stefan. (2016). The Shifting Meaning of Legal Certainty. In M. Fenwick. & S. Wrbka (Eds.), Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context: Private and Criminal Law Perspectives (pp. 1-6).Singapore:Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0114-7_1

Last update:

  1. Revitalising Indigenous Rights Participation in Mining Lawmaking Process: Evaluation and Proposal for Indonesia

    Asrul Ibrahim Nur, Sholahuddin Al Fatih, Christina Clarissa Intania. LAW REFORM, 20 (1), 2024. doi: 10.14710/lr.v20i1.63684

  2. Correlation Analysis of Land Acquisition Regulation Policy for Public Interest with Regional Development and Financial Planning Regulations

    Silvy Vebritha, Widaningsih Trenggana. Legalis : Journal of Law Review, 2 (2), 2024. doi: 10.61978/legalis.v2i2.245

  3. Legal Policy on the Use of Heir Certificates (SKAW) for Registration of Land Rights Transfers in Indonesia

    Ana Silviana, Ariza Fuadi. LAW REFORM, 19 (2), 2023. doi: 10.14710/lr.v19i2.52626

  4. Incongruence in the Definition of Land Rights in National Agrarian Law: A Path to Legal Uncertainty

    Muh. Afif Mahfud, Sia Chin Chin. LAW REFORM, 20 (1), 2024. doi: 10.14710/lr.v20i1.49047

  5. Legal Study of Alternative Models of Land Procurement for Public Interest Development Viewed from Human Rights Perspective

    M. Nizwar, Ilyas Ismail, Eddy Purnama, Azhari Yahya. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18 (7), 2024. doi: 10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-017

Last update: 2024-11-03 17:32:39

No citation recorded.