DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v21i2.66743

Quo Vadis Energy Legal Policy towards Equitable and Sustainable Development in Indonesia

*I Gusti Ayu Putri Kartika orcid scopus  -  Master of Health Law Study Program, Postgraduate School Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Ida Ayu Astarini orcid scopus  -  Master of Environmental Studies Study Program, Postgraduate School Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Putu Gede Arya Sumerta Yasa orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Bagus Hermanto orcid scopus publons  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Anatolijs Kriviņš orcid scopus  -  Department of Law, Management Science and Economics, Daugavpils University, Latvia
Open Access Copyright 2025 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Indonesia’s energy sector continues to face persistent challenges in the context of rapid economic growth, increasing energy demand, and mounting environmental concerns. Despite the constitutional mandate requiring the state to ensure equitable access to energy and sustainability, existing regulatory frameworks frequently fall short of achieving these objectives. This research aims to examine the legal and policy frameworks governing the energy sector in Indonesia, where energy serves as a critical component of economic development and public welfare.The urgency of this study lies in addressing the disconnect between the normative ideals (das Sollen) of equitable and sustainable energy governance and their actual implementation (das Sein) in current policy practices. The research employs a normative legal method, relying on a literature review of both primary and secondary legal sources, coupled with conceptual and statutory interpretation.The findings indicate that current policies often fail to ensure equitable distribution, meaningful public participation, and adequate environmental protection. Accordingly, legal reforms are necessary to advance justice in energy access and to establish enforceable emission limits and environmental standards. The conclusion drawn from this study underscores the importance of bridging the gap between normative aspirations and practical realities in order to achieve inclusive, sustainable, and just energy governance.

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Keywords: Legal Political; Energy; Equity; Sustainable Development

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