DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v22i1.72215

From Recognition to Investment: Sustaining the Monibi Indigenous Community

*Caecilia Johanna Julietta Waha orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia
Gautam Kumar Jha orcid scopus  -  School of languages, Literature & Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Open Access Copyright 2026 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract
The safeguarding of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ESCR) for Indonesia's indigenous populations is essential but precarious, as exemplified by the Monibi people. Although recognized nationally as Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2016, the Monibi possess no regional legal status, resulting in a regulatory void. In the absence of prompt legal action, this extended uncertainty jeopardizes the physical and cultural existence of the community. This engenders significant tensions where customary territories intersect with National Park areas, limiting traditional access to vital resources. This research utilizes a socio-legal methodology to investigate the conflict between statutory conservation mandates and the socioeconomic conditions of the Monibi. The report advocates for a paradigm change towards a sustainable investment model as the principal means of rights enforcement. The findings indicate that a customized investment framework is critically required to address the impasse between governmental entities and traditional land users. This research presents an innovative legislative framework that employs equitable investment strategies to harmonize conservation objectives with the safeguarding of indigenous ESCR.
Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues
Keywords: Customary Land; ESCR; Indigenous People

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Most cited articles
PRIVATISASI BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI HUKUM PIDANA DALAM MELINDUNGI TRANSAKSI E - COMMERCE DI INDONESIA URGENSI REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA PENGATURAN KAWASAN KESELAMATAN OPERASI PENERBANGAN : STUDI TENTANG PELAKSANAAN KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN BENDA TUMBUH DI KAWASAN KESELAMATAN OPERASI PENERBANGAN BANDAR UDARA AHMAD YANI SEMARANG More cited articles
  1. Adinegoro, K. R. R. (2023). Tantangan Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap di Kabupaten Ende. Widya Bhumi, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/ 10.31292/wb.v3i1.42
  2. Aditya, M. T. (2023). Pengelolaan Dan Optimalisasi Model Sumberdaya Air Tanah Dengan Metode Simulasi (Studi Literatur). Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 2(04), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v2i04.281
  3. Adiyatma, S. E., Silviana, A., & Thanni, D. A. (2025). Criminalizing the Guardians: Eco-Justice and Indigenous Struggles in Indonesia and Nigeria. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies, 10(2), 901–952. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v10i2.33536
  4. Afdhal, A. (2023). An Examination of Traditional Customs in Minangkabau Leadership Tradition: Continuity And Changes in The Modern Era. Publicus : Jurnal Administrasi Publik,1(2),119–134. https://doi.org/10. 30598/publicusvol1iss2p119-134
  5. Amirullah, A., & Ridwan, M. (2021). Interpretasi Kawasan Adat Karampuang Kabupaten Sinjai Sebagai Suplemen Ajar Mata Kuliah Ragam Budaya Lokal. Jurnal Praksis Dan Dedikasi Sosial (JPDS), 4(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.17977/um032v4i2p69-78
  6. Anders, G. (2015). Law at its limits: Interdisciplinarity between law and anthropology. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 47(3), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2015.1110909
  7. Aprita, S. (2022). Menyikapi Era Globalisasi Di Bidang Agraria: Tanah Rakyat di Ambang Resesi. ADALAH: Buletin Hukum dan Keadilan,6(4),56–72. https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v6i4.27580
  8. Ardiyanto, S. Y., Saraswati, R., & Soponyono, E. (2022). Law Enforcement and Community Participation in Combating Illegal Logging and Deforestation in Indonesia. Environment and Ecology Research, 10(4), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2022.100403
  9. Arisandi, F., & Pareke, J. T. (2024). Law and Policy: Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Indonesia. Journal Scientia Iustitiae, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36085/jsi.v2i1.6722
  10. Asaaga, F. A. (2021). Building on “traditional” land dispute resolution mechanisms in rural ghana: Adaptive or anachronistic? Land, 10(2),143. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020143
  11. Asteria, D., Brotosusilo, A., Negoro, H. A., & Sudrajad, M. R. (2021). Contribution of Customary Law in Sustainable Forest Management for Supporting Climate Action. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,940(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012080
  12. Bens, J., & Vetters, L. (2018). Ethnographic legal studies: Reconnecting anthropological and sociological traditions. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 50(3), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2018.1559487
  13. Biitir, S. B., Nara, B. B., & Ameyaw, S. (2017). Integrating decentralised land administration systems with traditional land governance institutions in Ghana: Policy and praxis. Land Use Policy, 68, 402–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.007
  14. Caturiasari, J., Mulyani, S., & Mahdarani, N. (2021). Penelitian Etnografi dalam Budaya Pesta Serang: Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Pancasila Penguat Jati Diri Bangsa. SOSIETAS; Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi, 11(2),157–164. https://doi.org/10.17509/ sosietas.v11i2.41612
  15. Creutzfeldt, N., Kubal, A., & Pirie, F. (2016). Introduction: Exploring the comparative in socio-legal studies. International Journal of Law in Context, 12(4), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744552316000173
  16. Suryanto, D. (2024). Dinamika Pelaksanaan Hukum Adat Dayak Ngaju dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah di Kalimantan Tengah. VYAVAHARA DUTA; Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Agama dan Ilmu Hukum, 19(1),68–76. https://doi.org/10.25078/ vyavaharaduta.v19i1.3174
  17. Denneisha, A., & Sudirman, A. (2022). Ambiguitas Pembangunan Industri Minyak Kelapa Sawit di Boven Digoel: Ancaman atau Peluang terhadap Keamanan Komunitas Masyarakat Adat?. EMS: Ekologi, Masyarakat & Sains, 3(2), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.55448/ems.v3i2.63
  18. Diantoro, T. D. (2025). A critical review of the actualization of the right to control by the state doctrine in the policy on revocation of forest area permits/concessions. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 7(2), 250–272. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi. v7i2.71-93
  19. Dou, X. (2022). Debt Financing, Social Responsibility and Firm Performance. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management,4(2),138–146. https://doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v4i2.875
  20. Evitasari, S., Syafira, A., & Saleh, R. D. D. (2024). Pendaftaran Tanah Masyarakat Adat Toraja. Widya Bhumi, 4(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.31292/wb.v4i1.54
  21. Fikri, M. Z. (2024). Restoring Customary Forest Rights Through Agrarian Reform: Case Study of the Kampar Community, Indonesia. Diponegoro Law Review, 9(2), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev. 9.2.2024.277-296
  22. Firnaherera, F., & Lazuardi, A. (2022). Pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara: Antisipasi Persoalan Pertanahan Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Jurnal Studi Kebijakan Publik, 1(1), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.21787/jskp.1.2022.71-84
  23. Gordon, G. J. (2023). Legal and Cultural Construction of the Maori Corporate Person. Law & Social Inquiry, 48(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2022.45
  24. Haikal, M. A., Dewi, M. A., & Hidayat, N. (2023). Peran Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) dalam Meningkatkan Keadilan Akses Tanah bagi Masyarakat Jember. Journal of Indonesian Social Society (JISS), 2(3), 126–130. https://doi.org/10.59435/jiss.v2i3.238
  25. Hanachor, M. E., Nwabueze, N., & Oyebamiji, M. A. (2021). Capacity Building for Community Awareness on Corporate Social Responsibility of Oil Companies for Sustainable Community Development in Nigeria. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH,9(2),281–290. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3380
  26. Harianto, W. (2021). Eksistensi Masyarakat Adat Dalam Mempertahankan Hak Atas Tanah Ulayat (Studi Masyarakat Adat Kebatinan Muara Sakal Kabupaten Pelalawan). EKSEKUSI; Journal of Law, 3(1),62. https://doi.org/10.24014/je.v3i1.13031
  27. Hidayana, I. S., & Swaradesy, R. G. (2021). Pemaknaan Permainan Rakyat Pada Ritual Kematian Rambu Solo’ Di Kampung Adat Ke’Te’ Kesu’ Kabupaten Toraja Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Panggung; Jurnal Seni Budaya, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.26742/panggung.v31i2.1574
  28. Hildebrandt, M. (2011). Legal Protection by Design: Objections and Refutations. Legisprudence, 5(2), 223–248. https://doi.org/10.5235/175214611797885693
  29. Husted, B. W. (2021). Buen Vivir: A Path to Reimagining Corporate Social Responsibility in Mexico after COVID-19. Sustainability,13(11),6451. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116451
  30. Jinoto, D. (2026). Legal Vacuum in Indigenous Peoples’ Legal Representation Regarding Communal Land Rights. JUSTISI, 12(1), 208–228. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v12i1.4701
  31. Kartiko, N. D., Sanjaya, N., Indradewi, A. A., Sugianto, F., & Tokuyama, S. (2024). Reorganizing Indigenous Peoples’ Regulations to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Indonesia Law Reform Journal, 4(2), 146–159. https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/ilrej/article/view/34937
  32. Katz, M. (2022). A Sustainable Extractive Industry Requires Educated Responsible Geoscientists. Earth Science, Systems and Society,2. https://doi.org/10.3389/esss.2022.10046
  33. Kusters, K., de Graaf, M., Ascarrunz, N., Benneker, C., Boot, R., van Kanten, R., Livingstone, J., Maindo, A., Mendoza, H., Purwanto, E., Rodriquez, C., Ssemmanda, R., Thang, T. N., & Zagt, R. (2022). Formalizing community forest tenure rights: A theory of change and conditions for success. Forest Policy and Economics,141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2022.10276
  34. Labibah, I. F., Hasanah, I. Z., & Yalhan, M. A. (2024). Peran Masyarakat Adat dalam Pemanfaatan dan Perlindungan Hukum Tanah Ulayat Sumatera Barat. Journal Customary Law, 1(2), 15. https://doi.org/10. 47134/jcl.v1i2.2422
  35. Laukum, M., Rosmiati, R., Sedia, M. E., Khadijah, K., & Hindi, A. M. A. N. (2024). Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Konsep Segitiga dalam Rumah Adat Bugis-Makassar. Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1),21–30. https://doi.org/10.51574/ kognitif.v4i1.1194
  36. Lestaluhu, R., Tabara, R., Soekamto, M. H., & Irnawati, I. (2023). Sosialisasi Undang-Undang Kepemilikan Tanah Adat Bagi Masyarakat Malamoi di Kelurahan Klablim. Abdimas: Papua Journal of Community Service,5(2),16–21. https://doi.org/10.33506/pjcs.v5i2.2496
  37. Lutfiyani, F., & Santoso, B. (2025). The corporate social responsibility: an environmental and ecological justice paradigm. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1537. https://doi. org/10.1088/1755-1315/1537/ 1/012044
  38. Maher, R., & Loncopán, S. (2024). Repoliticizing spirituality:A collaborative autoethnography on Indigenous identity dynamics during an environmental conflict in a Mapuche community in Chile. Human Relations, 77(7), 906–936. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 00187267241248582
  39. Marsella, J. (2021). Examining the Subjugation of Indigenous Women through Community Partnerships with Extractive Industries. Contemporary Kanata: Interdisciplinary Approaches To Canadian Studies, (1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.25071/2564-4661.18
  40. Mequanent, G. (2016). The application of traditional dispute resolution in land administration in lay armachiho woreda (district), northern ethiopia. World Development,87,171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.005
  41. Ndruru, A. (2021). Tinjauan Yuridis Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Yang Diperoleh Melalui Pewarisan. JIST: Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi,2(4),568–576. https://doi.org/10.36418/jist.v2i4.138
  42. Noor, A. (2023). Socio-Legal Research: Integration of Normative and Empirical Juridical Research in Legal Research. Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum, 7(2), 94. https://doi.org/10.56444/jidh.v7i2.3154
  43. Nubatonis, O. J., Jacob, Y. M. Y., Usman, S. R., Mauritsius, D., & Bire, C. M. D. (2023). Sosialisasi Eksistensi Tanah Ulayat di Desa Kuimasi, Kecamatan Fatuleu, Kabupaten Kupang. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 10(3),1477–1483. https://doi.org/10.29303/ abdiinsani.v10i3.1045
  44. Permadi, I., Dungga, W. A., & Arshad, A. (2024). Ensuring Indigenous People’s Rights Protection Through Normative Law in Land Acquisition for Indonesia’s New National Capital City, Nusantara. Jambura Law Review,7(1),30–54. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v7i1.24930
  45. Prakasa, S. U. W., Rahayu, L. P., Abrari, A., Sahid, M. M., & Wijayanti, A. (2022). Responsibility of States About Pandemic COVID-19: International Law Review. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 13(2), 158. https:// doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v13i2.a21964
  46. Pramesti, A. W., & Prayoga, P. E. (2025). Human Rights Impunity in the Implementation of the Rempang Eco City National Strategic Project Policy. Journal of Constitutional and Governance Studies, 1(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.20885/jcgs.vol1.iss2.art6
  47. Putri, M. P. D. S., Naili, Y. T., & Natalis, A. (2025). Balancing Environmental Preservation and Economic Interests: Building Corporate Social Responsibility in the Era of Sustainable Development. Revista de Direito Internacional, 21(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v21i3.9324
  48. Robinson, J. M., Gellie, N., MacCarthy, D., Mills, J. G., O’Donnell, K., & Redvers, N. (2021). Traditional ecological knowledge in restoration ecology: a call to listen deeply, to engage with, and respect Indigenous voices. Restoration Ecology, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13381
  49. Roisah, K., Rahayu, R., Al Asy’arie, M. A. H., Mitskaya, E., & Fayyadh, B. F. H. (2025). Empowering Cultural Communities in Protecting Traditional Expressions: Legal Challenges in the Digital Age. Diponegoro Law Review, 10(2), 134–156. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/article/view/73534
  50. Sakmaf, M. S., Sasea, E. M., Suryana, A., Paidi, Z. B., & Ardani, M. N. (2025). Communal rights vs regional development: Pursuing justice for comunal customary land. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 7(2), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v7i2.325-342
  51. Scobie, M., Finau, G., & Hallenbeck, J. (2024). Land, land banks and land back: Accounting, social reproduction and Indigenous resurgence. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 56(1), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/030851 8X211060842
  52. Sheehy, B., Khan, H. Z., Prananingtyas, P., & Sophiana, P. (2023). Shifting from Soft to Hard Law: Motivating Compliance When Enacting Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility. European Business Organization Law Review, 24(4), 693–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-023-00284-4
  53. Silviana, A., Utama, Y. J., Ismail, N., & Ardani, M. N. (2021). Land management policy in the coastal area based on the local wisdom. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation,14(6),3403–3415. https://bioflux.com.ro/docs/2021.3403-3415.pdf
  54. Stella, S. (2023). Pengaruh Hukum Adat Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Adat di Pengadilan Hukum Adat. Jurnal Hukum Dan HAM Wara Sains, 2(9), 894–903. https://doi.org/10.58812/jhhws.v2i09.658
  55. Sukirno, S., Mahfud, M. A., & Malik, M. F. (2025). Reconstructing Village Druwe Land Administration to Protect the Communal Land in Bali. BESTUUR,12(2),104. https:// doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v12i2.90365
  56. Sutanti, R. D., Pujiyono, P., & Rochaeti, N. (2025). The Settlement Of The Environmental Crimes Through The Conflict Resolution Based On The Local Wisdom Of The Boti Indigenous People. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1537, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1537/1/ 012067
  57. Jhamb, S., Aguilar, T., McConnell, J., Reed, K., Rowell, K., & Torgeson, A. (2021). Indigenous Rural Entrepreneurialism and Social Venturing Within Native Alaskan and Canadian Aboriginal Communities: An Empirical Analysis of Critical Success Factors and Socio-Economic Benefits of Alaska Native Corporations. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 23(7). https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v23i7.4864
  58. Supratman, S., Oktaviana, R., Setiadi, D., & Safitri, N. (2023). Penyuluhan Hukum Pentingnya Penyadaran Masyarakat Terkait Pendaftaran dan Sertifikasi Pertanahan. Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Lokal, 5(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.58406/jpml.v5i2.1062
  59. Tambunan, R. (2023). The Process of Recognizing Indigenous Communities and Establishing Customary Forests in North Tapanuli. RSF Conference Series: Business, Management and Social Sciences,3(3),31–37. https://doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v3i3.688
  60. The, S. C., Warka, M., Suhartono, S., & Prasetyawati, E. (2022). Legal Protection of Ulayat Lands of Indigenous Peoples Against the Threat of Land Commercialization. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 9(12), 300. https://doi.org/ 10.18415/ijmmu.v9i12.4288
  61. Vunibola, S., Steven, H., & Scobie, M. (2022). Indigenous enterprise on customary lands: Diverse economies of surplus. Asia Pacific Viewpoint,63(1),40–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12326
  62. Wahid, A., Badriyah, S. M., Nasoha, A. M. M., & Zamzami, Z. (2023). Legalize Custom-Related Landownership Transactions: The Indonesian Experience. Diponegoro Law Review, 8(2), 274–286. https://doi.org/10. 14710/dilrev.8.2.2023.274-286
  63. Weerasinghe, A. P., Chapple, L., & Williamson, A. K. (2023). Indigenous directorship pathways through transformative leadership: A content analysis of reconciliation action plans (RAPs). Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal,36(5),1319–1349. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-10-2021-5511
  64. Wibawa, I. P. S., Samekto, F. X. A., & Gelgel, I. P. (2019). Determination Of The Sacred Space Uluwatu Temple With The Gis Approach. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(11), 954–958. https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/nov2019/Determination-Of-The-Sacred-Space-Uluwatu-Temple-With-The-Gis-Approach.pdf
  65. Wibisana, N. A., Udjan, B. G. L., & Solfian, S. (2024). Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Bentuk Pengakuan Masyarakat Adat. Sapientia Et Virtus, 9(1), 385–397. https://doi.org/10.37477/sev.v9i1.441
  66. Wijaya, A. U., Kusnadi, S. A., & Hadi, F. (2024). Konsep Keadilan Sosial Dalam Regulasi Pengetahuan Tradisional Untuk Menjamin Hak Komunal Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 6(2), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v6i2.281-300
  67. Wily, L. A. (2018). Collective land ownership in the 21st century: Overview of global trends. Land,7(2),68. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7020068
  68. Wiwoho, J., Firdaus, S. U., & Hidayat, M. A. (2023). Fulfillment of Legal Rights Protection on Incentives and Allowances for Indonesian Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, 11(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v11i1.76727
  69. Zein, Y. A., Utomo, A. P., Ali, M. H., Idris, R., & Adriansyah, D. (2025). Indigenous, Diversity, and the Future of Human Rights in Regional Legal Systems. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 5(2),581–607. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v5i2.573
  70. Zen, I. S., Saleh, Mohd. N., Afrizal, T., Yaumidin, U. K., Titisari, P. W., & Hendrayani, Y. (2020). Quo vadis development: Assessing the livelihood of indigenous people’s communities in Malaysia and the potential for community-based conservation effort. Environment, Development and Sustainability,23(4),6502–6523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00813-y
  71. Zuka, S. P. (2019). Customary Land titling and inter-generational wealth transfer in Malawi: Will secondary Land rights holders maintain their Land rights? Land Use Policy,81,680–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.landusepol.2018.11.039
  72. Nuryasinta, R. K., Wardoyo, Y. P., Luthfi, M., Setyawan, F. R., & Fajrin, Y. A. (2025). Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and the Use of Natural Resources: Rethinking the Project of Rempang Eco City. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Law Reform (5th Inclar 2024), pp.113–120. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-362-7_18
  73. Ardhianto, I. (2022). Hierarchies of power: Evangelical christianity and Adat Transformation in Indonesian Borneo. London: Palgrave Macmillan
  74. Baldwin, J., & Davis, G. (2005). Empirical Research in Law. In Tushnet, M., & Cane, P. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies (pp.880-900). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780199248179.013.0039
  75. Miah, M.D., & Roy, P. (2020). Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (Eds.), Life on Land. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer,Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71065-5_36-1
  76. Hidayat, F. (2022). Antropologi Sakral: Kritik Atas Cara Antropologi Kultural Memahami Adat. Batang: Tazakka Press. https://philarchive.org/rec/HIDASK
  77. Hudson, B., Rosenbloom, J. D., & Cole, D. H. (2019). Routledge Handbook of The Study of The Commons. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315162782
  78. Shohibuddin, M., Luthfi, A. N., & Utami, W. (2019). Meninjau Ulang Pengaturan Hak Adat. Yogyakarta: STPN Press
  79. Nursey-Bray, M., Palmer, R., Chischilly, A. M., Rist, P., & Yin, L. (2022). Indigenous Adaptation – Not Passive Victims. In M. Nursey-Bray, R. Palmer, A. M. Chischilly, P. Rist, & L. Yin (Eds.), Old Ways for New Days (pp. 25–56). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97826-6_3
  80. Islam, M. S. (2015). Pursuing Alternative Development: Indigenous People, Ethnic Organization and Agency. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10. 1057/9781137572103
  81. Sauls, L. A., Galeana, F., & Lawry, S. (2022). Indigenous and Customary Land Tenure Security: History, Trends, and Challenges in the Latin American Context. In M. B. Holland, Y. J. Masuda, & B. E. Robinson (Eds.), Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development (pp. 57–79). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81881-4_4
  82. Thai, H. A. C. (2018). Livelihood Pathways of Indigenous People in Vietnam’s Central Highlands: Exploring Land-Use Change. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71171-3
  83. Villhauer, B. (2023). Indigenous Autonomy and Self-Determination in International Forest Financing Strategy: A Case Study from the Indigenous Bribri People of Costa Rica. In S. Gbendazhi Barnabas (Ed.), Indigenous and Minority Populations—Perspectives From Scholars and Writers across the World.IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108166

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-03-17 04:15:28

No citation recorded.