DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v0i0.%25p

Open-Bin Composting for Enhancing the Processed Fecal Sludge Quality with Co-Composting Materials as Admixture

*Lucky Caesar Direstiyani orcid  -  Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Fernando Gouw  -  Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Mochamad Adhiraga Pratama  -  Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

Processed fecal sludge generated from a sludge treatment plant rich of organic content, micronutrients, and several heavy metals that might potentially exist. Composting process recognized as a promising and cost-effective method to improve the sludge quality. The composting process was carried out in this study by using modified Compost Bag with processed sludge from fecal sludge treatment plant as the main material and organic waste and dry leaves as co-composting materials. The macro-micronutrients and heavy metal concentration of the produced compost were further analyzed. The potential application was also considered by indulging the risk assessment. The main and co-composting materials were investigated in three different ratios of processed fecal sludge (S), organic waste (OW), and dry leaves (DL) to get the optimum composition that meet the compost quality standard. Compost R2 with the ratio of 50S: 25OW: 25DL as an optimum composition which resulted good quality compost with the C/N ratio of 10.29, Total P2O5 about 2.45%, Total K2O of 0.38%, and the Cu removal up to 91.17%. The produced Compost R2 has met the compost quality standard with Hazard Quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogenic effects less than 1 revealed no potential for disease-causing effects thus safe to be used in daily life.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Composting; fecal sludge; heavy metal; dry leaves; organic waste; risk assessment

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Utilization of Sidoarjo Volcanic Mud as Heterogeneous Catalyst in Persulfate Oxidation Process for Congo Red Dye Removal: A Preliminary Study The Effect of EM4 Addition with Eisenia foetida Worms on Compost Characteristics as a Soil Improver Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) of Carbon Steel in Biodiesel: a Comparative Analysis Challenges in using Electrocoagulation Process in Removal of Nickel Metal in Wastewater: a Literature Review The Effect of Pollution Source Distance, Construction and Behavior of Dug Well Users on Total Coliform Content in Karangturi Gondangrejo Karanganyar Determination of Fine Particulate Matter Episode Periods in Jakarta by Incorporating Meteorological Conditions Determining Water Quality Status and Assimilation Capacity of Pollutant Loads in Babak Watersheds, West Lombok Regency More recent articles
Most cited articles
KOMBINASI FEEDING BIOSTARTER DAN AIR DALAM ANAEROBIK DIGESTER STUDI PEMBUATAN KOMPOS PADAT DARI SAMPAH DAUN KERING TPST UNDIP DENGAN VARIASI BAHAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL) DAUN PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH B3 DI PT. TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING INDONESIA ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM LANDFILL GAS POTENSI NITRIFIKASI OLEH BAKTERI YANG TERDAPAT DI LAUT ALIRAN KALI PLUMBON, LAUT ALIRAN KALI BANJIR KANAL BARAT DAN LAUT ALIRAN KALI BANJIR KANAL TIMUR More cited articles
  1. Azim, K., Soudi, B., Boukhari, S., Perissol, C., Roussos, S., & Thami Alami, I. 2018. Composting parameters and compost quality: a literature review. In Organic Agriculture, 8 (2), 141–158
  2. Bai, M, Impraim, R, Coates, T, Flesch, T. K, Trouvé, R, Van Grinsven, H, Cao, Y, Hill, J, & Chen, D. 2020. Lignite effects on NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions during composting of manure. Journal of Environmental Management 271, 110960
  3. Bekele, D. B., Abeble, L., & Yimam, M. 2023. Effect of Organic Amendments on Selected Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) Uptake by Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon Esculentum Miller</i>) Plant. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
  4. Beusen, A.H.W. and Bouwman, A.F. 2022. Future projections of river nutrient export to the global coastal ocean show persisting nitrogen and phosphorus distortion. Front. Water 4, 893585
  5. Bilsens. 2018. Composting Onstite at Schools Version 2.0. Washington DC: Institute for Local Self-Reliance
  6. Biyada, S., Merzouki, M., Dėmčėnko, T., Vasiliauskienė, D., Ivanec-Goranina, R., Urbonavičius, J., Marčiulaitienė, E., Vasarevičius, S., & Benlemlih, M. 2021. Microbial community dynamics in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases of textile waste composting identified through next-generation sequencing. Scientific Reports, 11(1)
  7. Biyada, S., Merzouki, M., Imtara, H. & Benlemlih, M. 2019. Assessment of the maturity of textile waste Compost R1nd their capacity of fertilization. Eur. J. Sci. Res 154, 399–412
  8. Cáceres, R., Malińska, K., & Marfà, O. 2018. Nitrification within composting: A review. Waste Management 72, 119–137
  9. Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). 2019. Welfare statistics 2019. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta; 2019
  10. Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). 2022a. Jumlah Penduduk Provinsi DKI Jakarta Menurut Kelompok Umur dan Jenis Kelamin 2019-2021. [Population of DKI Jakarta Province According to Age Group and Gender 2019-2021]. BPS Jakarta: Indonesia. [cited 12 Agustus 2023]
  11. Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). 2022b. Angka Harapan Hidup (AHH) Menurut Provinsi dan Jenis Kelamin [Life Expectancy Rate (AHH) According to Province and Gender] [Internet]. BPS Jakarta: Indonesia. [cited 10 September 2023]
  12. Cholis, N., & Nursita, I. W. 2022. Biological test of compost made of rabbit faeces and the addition of banana peels on the vegetative growth of Morus alba and Arachis pintoi. E3S Web of Conferences, 335, 00034
  13. Christian, A. R, Halim, E. T. P. O, & Prabawa, M. T. S. 2022. Analisis Kinerja Operasional, Manajemen, dan K3 pada IPLT Pulo Gebang [Analysis of Operational, Management and K3 Performance at the Pulo Gebang IPLT]. Jakarta: Globe Law and Business Ltd
  14. Debertoldi, M., Vallini, G., & Pèra, A. (1983). The biology of composting: A review. Waste Management & Research 1(2), 157–176
  15. Devendra, R., Prajwala, C., Hitesh, N., Varshitha, E., Ramakrishnaiah, C. R., & Manjunath, P. 2023. Quality control and assessment of compost obtained from open and In-Vessel composting methods. Materials Today: Proceedings
  16. Djuwita MR, Hartono DM, Mursidik SS, & Soesilo TEB. 2021. Pollution load allocation on water pollution control in the Citarum River. J Eng Technol Sci 53, 210112–210112
  17. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2023. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of the existing health-based guidance values for copperand exposure assessment from all sources. EFSA J. 21 (1), 117
  18. Fadila, R. H. 2018. Pemanfaatan Lumpur Tinja Sebagai Pupuk Kompos Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (Pulo Gebang [Utilization of Fecal Sludge as Compost Fertilizer at the Pulo Gebang Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (IPLT). Thesis, Universitas Sahid Jakarta
  19. Fan, Y. V., Lee, C. T., Klemeš, J. J., Chua, L. S., Sarmidi, M. R., & Leow, C. W. 2018. Evaluation of Effective Microorganisms on home scale organic waste composting. Journal of Environmental Management 216, 41–48
  20. FAO. 2021. AQUASTAT database. In: AQUASTAT [cited 10 Desember 2023]
  21. Fjeld, R, Eisenberg, N, & Compton, K. 2007. Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health. John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  22. Food Security Agency of Ministry of Agriculture. 2021. Direktori Perkembangan Konsumsi Pangan Tahun 2021 [Directory of Food Consumption Developments in 2021]. Jakarta: Ministry of Agriculture
  23. Getahun, T., Nigusie, A., Entele, T., Van Gerven, T., & Van Der Bruggen, B. 2012. Effect of turning frequencies on composting biodegradable municipal solid waste quality. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 65, 79–84
  24. Hafiza, N., Abdillah, A., Islami B.B., & Priadi, C.R. 2019. Preliminary Analysis of Blackwater and Greywater Characteristics in the Jakarta Greater Region Area. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci 366, 012029
  25. Hermina, and Prihatini S. (2016) Gambaran Konsumsi Sayur Dan Buah Penduduk Indonesia Dalam Konteks Gizi Seimbang: Analisis Lanjut Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014 [Overview of the Vegetable and Fruit Consumption of the Indonesian Population in the Context of Balanced Nutrition: Further Analysis of the Individual Food Consumption Survey in 2014]. Indonesian Bulletin of Health Research, vol. 44, no. 3, 2016, pp. 205-218
  26. Indonesia National Standardization Agency. 2004. SNI 19-7030-2004. Jakarta: National Standardization Agency
  27. Indonesia National Standardization Agency. 2018. SNI 8520-2018. Jakarta: National Standardization Agency
  28. Jaishankar, M, Tseten, T, Anbalagan, N, Mathew, B. B, & Beeregowda, K. N. 2014. Toxicity, mechanism, and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7(2), 60–72
  29. Jensen, A., & Aven, T. 2018. A new definition of complexity in a risk analysis setting. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 171, 169–173
  30. Kardos, J., Héja, L., Simon, Á., Jablonkai, I., Kovacs, R. J., & Jemnitz, K. 2018. Copper signalling: causes and consequences. Cell Communication and Signaling 16(1)
  31. Kulikowska, D, & Bernat, K. 2021. Waste Willow-Bark from Salicylate Extraction Successfully Reused as an Amendment for Sewage Sludge Composting. Sustainability 13(12), 6771
  32. Lai, J. C., Hwang, S. S., Then, Y. L., & Lee, C. S. 2024. Optimal Aeration Management Strategy for a Small-Scale Food Waste Composting. Carbon Resources Conversion 7(1), 100190
  33. LinChitsan, Wei, C, & TsaiChia-Cheng. 2016. Prediction of influential operational compost parameters for monitoring composting process. Environmental Engineering Science 33(7), 494–506
  34. Mahapatra, S, Ali, Md. H, & Samal, K. 2022. Assessment of compost maturity-stability indices and recent development of composting bin. Energy Nexus 6, 100062
  35. Manga, M., Muoghalu, C., Camargo-Valero, M.A., & Evans, B.E. 2023. Effect of Turning Frequency on the Survival of Fecal Indicator Microorganisms during Aerobic Composting of Fecal Sludge with Sawdust. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20,2668
  36. Meng, L., Li, W., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., & Chen, L. 2021. Improving sewage sludge compost process and quality by carbon sources addition. Scientific Reports 11(1)
  37. Nigussie, A., Kuijper, T., Bruun, S., & De Neergaard, A. 2016. Vermicomposting as a technology for reducing nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions from small-scale composting. Journal of Cleaner Production 139, 429–439
  38. Oladejo, N., Anegbe, B., & Adeniyi, O. 2017. Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Maize Plant (Zea mays) in the Vicinity of Two Government Approved Dumpsites in Benin City, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 3(3), 1–9
  39. Rafeah, W., Radika, B. E., & Ngaini, Z. 2018. Physicochemical And Phytotoxicity Analysis Of Sago Bark Waste Compost. Proceedings of ISER 119th International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1st-2nd April 2018
  40. Rahman, A. 2007. Public Health Assessment: Model Kajian Prediktif Dampak Lingkungan dan Aplikasinya untuk Manajemen Risiko Kesehatan [Predictive Environmental Impact Assessment Model and its Application to Health Risk Management]. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia [cited 10 Oktober 2023] www.fkm.ui.ac.id;
  41. Roychoudhury, S., Nath, S., Massanyi, P., Stawarz, R., Kacaniova, M., Kolesarova, A. 2016. Copper induced changes in reproductive functions: in vivo and in vitro effects. Physiological Research 65 (1), 11-22
  42. SHDHEC. 2018. Composting - Simple Steps for Starting at Home. www.scdhec.gov/dontwastefoodsc
  43. Sinaga, T., Mauludyani, A. V. R., Nopiany, H., & Annur, M. N. 2019. Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur Siswa Sekolah Dasar Penerima Program Gizi Anak Sekolah di Cianjur [Fruit and Vegetable Consumption of Elementary School Students Recipient of the School Child Nutrition Program in Cianjur]. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian [Analysis of Agricultural Policy], 17(2), 111
  44. Smith, S. R. (2009). A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge. Environment International, 35(1), 142–156
  45. Storey, S., Chualáin, D. N., Doyle, O., Clipson, N., & Doyle, E. 2015. Comparison of bacterial succession in green waste composts amended with inorganic fertiliser and wastewater treatment plant sludge. Bioresource Technology 179, 71–77
  46. Sunar, Stentiford, Stewart, & Fletcher. 2009. The Process and Pathogen Behaviour in Composting: A Review. Malaysia: Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
  47. Sundberg, C., Franke‐Whittle, I. H., Kauppi, S., Yu, D., Romantschuk, M., Insam, H., & Jönsson, H. 2011. Characterisation of source-separated household waste intended for composting. Bioresource Technology 102(3), 2859–2867
  48. Sundberg, C., Yu, D., Franke‐Whittle, I. H., Kauppi, S., Smårs, S., Insam, H., Romantschuk, M., & Jönsson, H. 2013. Effects of pH and microbial composition on odour in food waste composting. Waste Management 33(1), 204–211
  49. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing. 2017. Pedoman Perencanaan Teknik Terinci Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (1st ed.) [Guidelines for Detailed Technical Planning of Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants (1st ed.)]. Jakarta: Jenderal Cipta Karya
  50. Tian, J., Ge, F., Zhang, D., Deng, S., & Liu, X. 2021. Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle. Biology 10(2), 158
  51. Tualeka, A. R, Guan, N. Y, Russeng, S. S., Ahsan, A., Susilowati, I. H., Rahmawati, P., & Ain, K. 2020. Relationship of benzene concentration, ECR benzene, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and DNA degeneration in shoe industrial workers in Osowilangun, Indonesia. Dose-Response 18(2), 155932582092102
  52. Turk, J. K., & Young, R. A. 2020. Field conditions and the accuracy of visually determined Munsell soil color. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 84(1), 163–169
  53. Vandecasteele, B., Willekens, K., Zwertvaegher, A., Degrande, L., Tack, F., & Du Laing, G. 2013. Effect of composting on the Cd, Zn and Mn content and fractionation in feedstock mixtures with wood chips from a short-rotation coppice and bark. Waste Management, 33(11), 2195–2203
  54. Waqas, M, Nizami, A, Aburiazaiza, A, Barakat, M, Rashid, M. I, & Ismail, I. M. I. 2018. Optimizing the process of food waste Compost R1nd valorizing its applications: A case study of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Cleaner Production 176, 426–438
  55. Xu, X., Du, X., Wang, F., Sha, J., Chen, Q., Tian, G., Zhu, Z., Ge, S., & Jiang, Y. 2020. Effects of potassium levels on plant growth, accumulation and distribution of carbon, and nitrate metabolism in apple dwarf rootstock seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science 11
  56. Yang, Q., Liu, P., Dong, S., Zhang, J., & Zhao, B. 2019. Effects of fertilizer type and rate on summer maize grain yield and ammonia volatilization loss in northern China. Journal of Soils and Sediments 19(5), 2200–2211
  57. Yang, W., Song, W., Li, J., & Zhang, X. 2020. Bioleaching of heavy metals from wastewater sludge with the aim of land application. Chemosphere 249
  58. Zhang, X., Ma, D., Lv, J., Feng, Q., Liang, Z., Chen, H., & Feng, J. 2022. Food waste composting based on patented Compost R2ins: Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions and the denitrifying community analysis. Bioresource Technology 346, 126643
  59. Zheng, G., Wang, X., Chen, T., Yang, J., Yang, J., Liu, J., & Shi, X. 2020. Passivation of lead and cadmium and increase of the nutrient content during sewage sludge composting by phosphate amendments. Environmental Research 185, 109431

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-07-16 12:03:52

No citation recorded.