PENGARUH BATING AGENTDARI RAGI TEMPE (Rhizopus oligosphorus) TERHADAP KUALITAS KULIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SAMAK The Effect of Bating Agent from Ragi Tempe(Rhizopus oligosphorus) to the Quality of Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Leather

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Isolat Rhizopus oligosphorus, mengandung enzim protease yang mudah diperoleh dalam bentuk ragi tempe dan terjangkau harganya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti bating agent komersial yang harganya mahal serta tidak ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Rhizopus oligosphorus sebagai bating agent terhadap kualitas kulit ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) samak dan mencari konsentrasi dan lama bating terbaik dari isolat Rhizopus oligosphorus sebagai bating agent. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan isolat Rhizopus oligosphorus dari ragi tempe komersial merk RAPRIMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan Pola Faktorial yaitu faktor A (konsentrasi isolat Rhizopus oligosphorus: 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; dan 2,5%) dan Faktor B (Lama bating : 30 menit, 60 menit dan 90 menit). Parameter yang di uji adalah kadar protein terlarut pada limbah bating, kadar krom, kadar abu, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, dan suhu kerut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kadar protein terlarut pada limbah bating antara 0,28 – 1,08%; kadar krom 2,19 – 2,43%; kadar abu 4,38% – 4,95%; kekuatan tarik 1647,43 – 2161,93 N/cm²; kemuluran 90,36 – 109,11%; kekuatan sobek 297,94 – 472,85 N/cm; dan suhu kerut 98,33 – 101 ⁰C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor perbedaan konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar protein terlarut, kadar krom, kadar abu, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, dan suhu kerut. Sedangkan faktor lama bating berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar protein terlarut, kadar krom, kadar abu, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, dan suhu kerut. Interaksi kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar protein terlarut, kadar krom, dan kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada penggunaan konsentrasi Rhizopus oligosphorus 2% dengan lama bating 90 menit dengan suhu kerut (101⁰C), protein terlarut (0,88%) dari limbah bating dan telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu untuk kekuatan tarik (2161,93 N/cm²), dan kekuatan sobek (441,31N/cm) untuk kulit Ular Air Tawar (SNI 06-4586-1998), namun tidak memenuhi persyaratan mutu kulit dari nilai kemuluran (92,73%), kadar krom (2,36%) dan kadar abu (4,84%).

Kata kunci : Kulit ikan Nila, Bating agent, Protease, Rhizopus oligosphorus

ABSTRACT

 

Rhizopus oligosporus isolate have the protease enzyme. This isolate is easily to find in the market in the form of termpeh starter and cheap so it can be used as an alternative to the commercial bating agent that are expensife and not environmentally friendly. The aim of the research is to know the effect of Rhizopus oligosphorus as bating agent to the quality of leather and to find the best concentration and duration of bating from tempeh starter as bating agent. The material used in this research were Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) skin and isolate of Rhizopus oligosphorus from commercial tempeh starter RAPRIMA. The research method used was experimental field. Analysis data in this research used an completely randomized factorial experimental design. Factor A (concentrations of isolate Rhizopus oligosphorus: 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; and 2,5%) and factor B (duration of bating : 30 minute, 60 minute and 90 minute). The parameter tested in this reseacrh are soluble protein from bating waste, chrome content, ash content, tensile strength, % elongation, tearing strength, and shrinkage temperature. Based on the result, the value of soluble protein from bating waste 0,28 – 1,08%; chrome content 2,19 – 2,43%; ash content 4,38% – 4,95%; tensile strength 1647,43 – 2161,93 N/cm²; % elongation 90,36 – 109,11%; tearing strength 297,94 – 472,85 N/cm; and shrinkage temperature 98,33 – 101 ⁰C. The results of the research showed that concentration of Rhizopus oligosphorus, had significantly (P<0.05) for soluble protein from bating waste, chrome content, ash content, tensile strength, % elongation, tearing strength, and shrinkage temperature. Meanwhile duration of bating factor had significantly (P<0.05) for soluble protein from bating waste, chrome content, ash content, tensile strength, % elongation, tearing strength, and shrinkage temperature. Interaction of each factor had significantly (P<0.05) for soluble protein from bating waste, chrome content, tensile strength, and tearing strength. Concentration of Rhizopus oligosphorus 2,0% with duration 90 minute was the best treatment with shrinkage temperature (101⁰C), soluble protein content (0,88%) and fulfilled the quality criteria tensile strength (2161,93 N/cm²), tearing strength (441,31 N/cm) for Fresh Water Snake Leather (SNI 06-4586-1998). However not fulfilled in elongation at break (92,73%),chrome content (2,36%) and ash content (4,84%).

Keywords : Nila’s skin, Bating Agent, Protease, Rhizopus oligosphorus