PENGGUNAAN KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI RAPID DALAM PEWARNAAN KULIT SAMAK IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Application of Sappan Wood as anAlternative of Replacement for Rapid in Nila(Oreochromis niloticus)Coloring Skin
ABSTRAK
Proses penyamakan memerlukan biaya yang cukup mahal, hal tersebut dikarenakan dalam proses penyamakan umumnya masih mengandalkan bahan impor. Bahan pewarnaan yang digunakan pada industri penyamakan kulit sebagian besar berupa pewarna sintetis impor yang sebagian besar mengandung bahan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan, tidak ramah lingkungan dan mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan bahan alami kayu secang yang digunakan untuk bahan pewarna dasar sebagai penggantikan bahan pewarna sintetis rapid yang menghasilkan produk berkualitas baik sesuai standar nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kulit ikan Nila tersamak dengan perlakuan pewarnaan menggunakan larutan kayu secang 20% memiliki kualitas samak yang terbaik. Uji hedonik parameter warna 3,933, parameter serat daging 4,467, parameter kulit 4,233 dan parameter sisik/nerf 4,467. Ketahanan gosok cat basah 4,500, ketahanan gosok cat kering 4,333, kekuatan tarik 1364,920 N/cm2 , kemuluran 58,327%, kekuatan sobek 208,640 N/cm2. Hasil penelitian ini memenuhi syarat mutu Kulit Ular Air Tawar Samak Krom (SNI 06-4586-1998).
Kata kunci : Pewarnaan, Larutan Kayu Secang, Kualitas Samak, Ikan Nila
ABSTRACT
Tanning are expensive process, its because tanning process still using import substance. Coloring substance that usually use in tanning is import synthethic stain which is can cause environmental contamination, health problem and expensive. The purpose of this research is using Sappan wood as base coloring substance to replace rapid sintetis colour which produce product that have a good quality that met with the standart. The optimal concentration of Sappan wood solution was 20%, which resulted in hedonic test ( color value 3,933 ; meat fibers value 4,467; skin value 4,233 ; nerf value 4,467), 4,500 for paint abrasive resistance by wet cloth value, 4,333 for paint abrasive resistance by dry cloth value, 1364,920 N/cm2 for tensile strength value, 58,327% for elongation at break value and 208,640 N/cm2 for tear strength value. All of the test result met the SNI 06-4586-1998 (Quality of Chrome Tanning Freshwater Snake Skin).
Keywords : Coloring, Sappan Wood Solution, Tanning Quality, Nila Fish
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