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PENGGUNAAN CELAH PELOLOSAN PADA BUBU UNTUK MENGURANGI TERTANGKAPNYA KERAPU MUDA DI PULAU KARIMUNJAWA (The Use of Escape Gaps on the Basket Trap for Reducing Immature Grouper Catch in Karimunjawa Island)

*Irma Dwi Maulina  -  Perikanan Tangkap, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Ari Purbayanto  -  Teknologi Perikanan Laut, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia
Tri Wiji Nurani  -  Teknologi Perikanan Laut, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia

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Abstract

Penggunaan alat tangkap bubu telah berkontribusi dalam kegiatan pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan karang di Pulau Karimunjawa. Salah satu target tangkapan bubu yakni ikan kerapu yang merupakan ikan konsumsi bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Permintaan ikan kerapu terus meningkat, sehingga nelayan cenderung menangkap semua ukuran, termasuk ikan kerapu muda yang belum pernah memijah (immature). Dewasa ini, kondisi perikanan kerapu terindikasi mengalami penurunan stok akibat tekanan penangkapan. Apabila hal ini diabaikan, tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa kegiatan penangkapan berpeluang mengancam status keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi hasil tangkapan kerapu belum layak tangkap yakni dengan penggunaan celah pelolosan. Namun belum diketahui sejauh mana efektivitasnya ketika diaplikasikan pada penangkapan ikan karang dengan bubu di Karimunjawa. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas penggunaan celah pelolosan pada bubu dalam mengurangi peluang tertangkapnya kerapu muda belum layak tangkap serta kelangsungan hidup kerapu pasca penangkapan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode experimental fishing. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan. Kurva rasio kelangsungan hidup ikan dihitung dengan metode kuadrat terkecil non linier menggunakan fasilitas Solver pada MS-Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan celah pelolosan pada bubu dapat menurunkan hasil tangkapan ikan kerapu muda yang belum layak tangkap dari 66.70% menjadi 45.50%. Penggunaan celah pelolosan telah mampu menurunkan hasil tangkapan ikan kerapu belum layak tangkap dengan tingkat efektivitas 69.20%. Ikan kerapu pasca pelolosan dapat bertahan hidup dengan rasio kelangsungan hidup sebesar 77.88% dimana rasio kelangsungan hidup ikan juvenil (86.4%) lebih tinggi dibanding ikan kerapu dewasa (69.2%) pada hari ke-8 pasca penangkapan.

 

The use of basket traps has contributed to the utilization of reef fisheries resource in Karimunjawa Island. The basket trap is a fishing gear that dominant used for capturing grouper, which is a high economic valueble fish consumption. The demand for groupers continues to increase, so fishermen tend to catch all sizes of groupers, including young immature fish. Currently, there are indications that the condition of grouper fisheries has decreased in stock due to fishing pressure. If this is ignored, there may be opportunities to threaten the sustainability status of grouper fish resources. An option to reduce the catch of immature grouper is the use of escape gaps. However, it is not yet known to what extent its effectiveness for fishing activities in Karimunjawa Island. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of using the escape gap in traps for reducing the chances of catching immature groupers. The research was conducted using an experimental fishing method. The data collection method was carried out through field observations. Fish survival ratio were calculated using non linier least square method by the solver facility. The results showed that the catch of immature groupers decreased from 66.7% to 45.5%. The use of escape gaps was able to reduce immature grouper with and effectiveness of 69.2%. Grouper can survive after passing through the escape gap with a survival ratio at the eighth day of observation was 77.8%, where the survival ratio of juvenile (86.4%) is higher than adult groupers (69.2%).

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Keywords: bubu; celah pelolosan; ikan kerapu; rasio kelangsungan hidup, Pulau Karimunjawa

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