DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.52532

Investigating the potential of avocado seeds for bioethanol production: A study on boiled water delignification pretreatment

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, University of Jayabaya, Indonesia

Received: 16 Feb 2023; Revised: 14 Apr 2023; Accepted: 20 May 2023; Available online: 25 May 2023; Published: 15 Jul 2023.
Editor(s): Rock Keey Liew
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract
The increasing need for alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels has made bioethanol a promising option. Although numerous sources of sugar generation and agricultural wastes can be converted into ethanol, Avocado Seeds (AS) are particularly attractive as raw materials due to their abundance, high carbohydrate content, and lack of interactions with the food chain. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of AS for bioethanol production using several steps, including boiled water delignification pretreatment, catalytic hydrolysis, and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The delignification pretreatment of AS involved soaking in 4% (w/v) sodium hydroxide liquor for 24 hours. Then the mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred slowly for 2.5 hours and after that washing with boiled water at 100 oC for 1.5 hours and screening the mixture. Subsequently, catalytic hydrolysis and fermentation were carried out using two different concentrations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as yeast, namely 10% (w/v) and 15% (w/v). Qualitative sample analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the effect of delignification pretreatment, while FTIR analysis using Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 was used to test for glucose functional groups. Quantitative analysis was performed using gas chromatography 7890b mass spectrophotometry 5977A, Agilent DBVRX to determine hydrolysate fermentation. The results revealed that the highest ethanol yield was achieved through fermentation with 15% (w/v) yeast and 40% (v/v) catalyst, resulting in an ethanol yield of 83.755% of the theoretical maximum.
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Keywords: agricultural waste; enzyme; fermentation; hydrolysis
Funding: Universitas Jayabaya

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Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
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