DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.55929

The feed-in tariff (FIT) policy to improve renewable energy utilization: An analysis of FIT implementation in ASEAN countries from renewable energy growth, decarbonization, and investment perspective

1PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. Duren Tiga Raya No.102, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia

2Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

3Center of Energy Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip K-1A Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

4 Faculty of Law, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Sosio Yustisia No. 1, Bulaksumur, Kab. Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

5 Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Structural Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

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Received: 19 Jun 2023; Revised: 20 Jul 2023; Accepted: 1 Aug 2023; Available online: 5 Aug 2023; Published: 1 Sep 2023.
Editor(s): Grigorios Kyriakopoulos
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract
The FIT policy are widely adopted in the world to promote the utilization of renewable energy technology (RET). Tariff rates, tariff regression mechanisms, contract term, and quota constraints are all components of the FIT policy. This policy has also been adopted by Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN countries to optimize their renewable energy (RE) potential. This paper examines the utilization of RET in power generation under the FIT policy from the perspective of the growth of renewable energy, environment, and investment which applied in five major ASEAN countries in term of the biggest generation capacity, such as: Indonesia Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. This study shows that the FIT has been successful in accelerating renewable energy growth compared to pre-FIT, where annual RE capacity growth was 7.52% in Thailand (2007-2021), 16.38% in Vietnam (2011-2021), 4.56% in Indonesia (2012-2021) 2021), 9.11% in Malaysia (2012-2021), and 5.21% in the Philippines (2012-2021). FIT also managed to keep CO2/kWh emissions production stable in Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand while increasing RE production in their power systems. Otherwise, due to the low utilization of RET in Indonesia and the Philippines, CO2 emissions in them has increased significantly, 6.67% per year at Indonesia, and 15.25% per year at the Philippines after the introduction of the FIT. Generally, FIT has succeeded in increasing the value of international funding investments in RE sector in Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines
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Keywords: Renewable energy; Renewable energy policy; Feed-in Tariff; Renewable energy growth; ASEAN

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Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
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