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Penyisihan Nutrien Nitrogen pada Limbah Cair Artifisial NPK Menggunakan Sistem Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs)

Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia - LIPI, Indonesia

Received: 2 Sep 2020; Published: 30 Nov 2020.
Editor(s): Sudarno Utomo

Citation Format:
Abstract

Lahan Basah Terapung atau Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) merupakan salah satu alternatif pengolahan limbah secara alamiah untuk mengurangi kadar polutan pada suatu badan air dengan memanfaatkan akar tanaman sebagai penyerap polutan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian awal pengolahan limbah pupuk NPK (dengan dasar senyawa N pada konsentrasi tertentu, menggunakan sistem FTW. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penyisihan konsentrasi nutrien nitrogen, antara lain ammonia, nitrat, dan total nitrogen (TN), di dalam limbah cair artifisial NPK menggunakan sistem FTWs dengan pemanfaatan tanaman melati air (Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett) dan pisang–pisangan (Helliconia psittaforum) sebagai penyerap nutrien tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan untuk rekomendasi alternatif teknologi pengolahan dalam mengatasi masalah pencemaran di perairan. Kolam percobaan sejumlah 4 (empat) diisi pupuk NPK sebagai limbah artifisial dengan konsentrasi N sebesar 2 mg/L. Kolam 1 merupakan kolam kontrol, kolam 2 berisi FTWs tanpa tanaman, kolam 3 berisi FTWs dengan tanaman melati air, dan kolam 4 berisi FTWs dengan tanaman pisang-pisangan. Sampling air dilakukan pada hari ke 3, 10, 24, 35, dan 112. Parameter yang diukur adalah pH, suhu air, kekeruhan, konduktivitas, oksigen terlarut, ammonia, nitrat, dan TN. Tanaman melati air dapat menyisihkan ammonia sebesar 91,19%, nitrat sebesar 100% dan TN sebesar 77,04%. Sedangkan, tanaman pisang-pisangan dapat menyisihkan ammonia sebesar 90,30%, nitrat sebesar 100% dan TN sebesar 67,12%. Kedua jenis tanaman menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang baik, yang ditandai dengan tumbuhnya daun, batang, bunga, dan akar tanaman. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis tanaman tersebut memiliki kemampuan menyerap nutrien nitrogen secara efektif melalui sistem pengolahan FTWs.

ABSTRACT

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) is an alternative natural waste treatment which is able to reduce contaminants contained in a water body by utilizing plant roots as an absorber of any pollutants. This research is a preliminary study of NPK fertilizer waste processing (based on N compounds at certain concentrations, using the FTW system).This study aims to determine the efficiency of removal of nitrogen nutrients, including ammonia, nitrate, and total nitrogen (TN), in NPK artificial wastewater using the FTW system. This FTW system utilized Echinodorus teroi (Spreng.) Fassett and Helliconia psittaforum as absorbers of nitrogen nutrient. The results of this study are expected to be the material for recommendations for alternative processing technologies in overcoming the problem of pollution in waters. Four experimental ponds were filled with NPK fertilizer as an artificial waste with nitrogen concentration of 2 mg/L. Pool 1 was a control pool, pool 2 contained FTW without plants, pool 3 contained FTW with Echinodorus teroi (Spreng.) Fassett, and pool 4 contains FTW with Helliconia psittaforum. Water sampling was carried out on days 3, 10, 24, 35, and 112. The parameters measured were pH, air temperature, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, and TN. Echinodorus teroi (Spreng.) Fassett can remove ammonia by 91,19%, nitrate by 100% and TN by 77,04%. Meanwhile, Helliconia psittaforum can remove ammonia by 90,30%, nitrate by 100% and TN by 67,12%. Both types of plants showed good growth, which was indicated by the leaves growth, as well as the stems, flowers and roots. This showed that both types of plants have the ability to absorb nutrients effectively through the FTWs processing system.

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Keywords: Nutrien N, Limbah cair artifisial NPK, Penyisihan konsentrasi, Tanaman air, Floating Treatment Wetlands

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Last update: 2024-11-06 14:01:35

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