skip to main content

Estimasi Emisi Partikulat (PM10) akibat Ragam Aktivitas Urban di Kota Surakarta

Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Received: 9 Oct 2020; Published: 30 Nov 2020.
Editor(s): Sudarno Utomo

Citation Format:
Abstract

Pelaksanaan inventarisasi emisi PM10 di Surakarta bertujuan mengetahui nilai emisi tahunan PM10 dan sebaran kontributornya pada aktivitas masyarakat. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara bottom up pada tahun 2014 terhadap tiga sumber utama emisi yaitu : sumber area, sumber titik dan sumber bergerak serta top down pada tahun 2019. Perhitungan emisi menggunakan formula baku emisi dengan faktor emisi berdasarkan EMEP/EEA Corinair. Khusus untuk transportasi pada ruas jalan utama, data bottom up dianalisis menggunakan software Mobilev 3.0. Hasil inventarisasi emisi PM10 menemukan nilai emisi total di Surakarta sebesar 220,20 ton/tahun. Nilai tersebut mayoritas dikontribusikan oleh sumber bergerak senilai 122,25 ton/tahun (55%), diikuti oleh sumber area (39%) dan sumber titik (6%). Nilai tersebut menurun menjadi 182,61 ton/tahun pada inventarisasi berbasis data top down tahun 2019. Transportasi menjadi kontributor utama emisi PM10 di wilayah administratif Surakarta pada inventarisasi tahun 2014 maupun 2019. Penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai penting penggunaan data bottom up untuk menurunkan ketidakpastian pada estimasi sekaligus meningkatkan validitas dan reliabilitas mitigasi. Penggunaan data bottom up menyediakan akses ke sumber emisi penting yang kerap tidak terdokumentasi oleh data sekunder seperti konsumsi bahan bakar kayu dan arang untuk industri dan kuliner jalan raya.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this inventory is to estimate annual emission of PM10 and their anthropogenic contribution. This research was divided into two phase, distinguished by data collection method (bottom up method in 2014 and top down in method 2019). The estimation used are based on a basic emission formula from IPCC and an emission factors of EMEP/EEA Corinair, except for transportation emission which analyzed with an assistance of the Mobilev 3.0 software. The emission source was classified into three cluster referred to the IPCC Guideline (2006): area sources, point sources and mobile sources. The total emission calculated was 220,20 tonnes PM10 annually.  This value was contributed by the mobile sources (55%), followed by area sources (39%) and point sources (6%). The emission value reduced to 182,61 tonnes PM10 annually in 2019 with approaches of topdown method. Transportation was the main contributor of PM10 emission either on 2014 or 2019. Result shows an advantage of using a topdown approaches, which is to reduce research uncertainties and to increase on mitigation validity and reliability. Bottom up approach provides an access to a unique emission source which generally unidentified and not documented in secondary data, for example : charcoal and woodwaste consumption and the street food vendors

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Research Instrument
Tabel dan Gambar
Subject
Type Research Instrument
  Download (404KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Emisi, Urban, Partikulat (PM10), Surakarta

Article Metrics:

  1. Alimi, B.A. 2016. Risk factors in streetfood practices in developing countries : A review. Food Sciences and Human Wellness 5 (2016) : 141-148
  2. Bazrafshan, E., F. Kord Mustafapour, M. Farzadkia, K.A. Ownagh, A.H. Mahvi. 2012. Slaughter house Wastewater Treatment by Combined Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation Process. Plos ONE 7 (6): e40108. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040108
  3. Effendi, H. 2003. Telaah kualitas air bagi pengelola sumber daya dan lingkungan perairan. Yogyakarta. Kanisius
  4. Emission Inventory Improvement Program. 2001. Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development. Volume III Chapter 1. US. EPA
  5. Emission Inventory Improvement Program. 2001. Introduction to Stationary Point Source Emission Inventory Development. Volume II Chapter 1. US. EPA
  6. European Environment Agency. 2013. EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Technical Guidance to Prepare National Emission Inventory. Luxembourg : Publications Office of The European Union
  7. Genc, S., Zadeoglurari, Z., Fuss, S.H., and K. Genc. 2011. The Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on The Nervous System. Journal of Toxicology 2012 (Article ID 782462) : 1-23
  8. Ghaemi, Z. and A.D. Smith. 2019. A review of the quantification of life cycle greenhouse gases emissions at urban scale. Journal of Cleaner Production 252 (2020) 119634
  9. Gioli, B., Gualtieri, G., Busillo, C., Calastrini, F., Zaldei, A., and P. Toscano. 2015. Improving high- resolution emission inventories with local proxies and urban eddy covariance flux measurement. Atmospheric Environment 115: 246-256
  10. Gulia, S., Nagendra, S.M.S., Khare, M., and I. Khanna. 2014. Urban Air Quality Management: A Review. Atmospheric Pollution Research 6 (2015): 286-304
  11. Hormann, S., Pfeler, B., and E. Stadlober. 2005. Analysis and Prediction of Particulate Matter (PM10) fot the Winter Season in Graz. Austrian Journal of Statistics 34 (4) : 307-326
  12. Moriarty, P. and S.J. Wang. 2014. Low carbon cities : lifestyle changes are necessary. Energy Procedia 61 : 2289-2292
  13. Natawidjaja, R.S., Rahayu, E.S. and J. Sutrisno. 2015. Inclusive governance of informal markets : The street vendors of Surakarta. IEED : London
  14. Pandey, D., Agrawal, M., and J.S. Pandey. 2011. Carbon footprint : current methods of estimation. Environ. Monit. Asses 178 : 135-160
  15. Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 12 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara
  16. Popescu, F. and Ionel, I. 2010. Anthropogenic Air Pollution Sources. Air Quality (Edited by Ashok Kumar). Intechopen Europe. Rijeka : Sciyo
  17. Prajapati, S.K. 2012. Ecological Effect of Airborne Particulate Matter on Plants. Environmental Skeptics and Critics 2012 1(1) : 12-22. www.iaees.org
  18. Priveteria, D., and F.S. Nesci. 2015. Globalization vs local. The role of streetfood in the urban food system. Procedia Economics and Finance 22 (2015) : 716-722
  19. Puspa, J. and R. Kuhl. 2007. Food quality and safety measures and controls : The future challenge for Indonesia. Proceedings. Conference on international agricultural research for development. Tropentag
  20. Setyono, P., Pranoto, Purnawan, C., Himawan, W., Mawahib, S.H., Rahman, K., and Arsianti, A. 2014. Final Report Emission Inventory for City of Surakarta. Ministry of Environmental-GIZ
  21. Shahbazi, H., Taghvaee, S., Hosseini, V., and H. Afhsin. 2016. A GIS-based emission inventory development for Tehran. Urban Climate 17 (2016): 216-229
  22. Shan, Y., Guan, D., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Schroeder, H., Chen, Y., and Q. Zhang. 2016. Carbondioxide emissions inventory in Chinese cities. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 1-26
  23. Yang, J., Chang, Y., and P. Yan. 2015. Ranking The Suitability of Common Urban Tree Species for Controlling PM2,5 Pollution. Atmospheric Pollution Research 6 (2015) : 267-277

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-08 16:20:34

No citation recorded.